Population genomics of picophytoplankton unveils novel chromosome hypervariability

Blanc-Mathieu, Romain; Krasovec, Marc; Hebrard, Maxime; Yau, Sheree; Desgranges, Elodie; Martin, Joel; Schackwitz, Wendy; Kuo, Alan; Salin, Gerald; Donnadieu, Cecile; Desdevises, Yves; Sanchez-Ferandin, Sophie; Moreau, Hervé; Rivals, Eric; Grigoriev, Igor V.; Grimsley, Nigel; Eyre-Walker, Adam; Piganeau, Gwenael

doi:10.1126/sciadv.1700239

Title: Population genomics of picophytoplankton unveils novel chromosome hypervariability

Journal Article · 05 July 2017 · Science Advances

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1700239 · OSTI ID:1619078

^[1]; Krasovec, Marc ^[2];

^[3]; Yau, Sheree ^[2]; Desgranges, Elodie ^[2];

^[4]; Schackwitz, Wendy ^[4]; Kuo, Alan ^[4]; Salin, Gerald ^[5]; Donnadieu, Cecile ^[5];

^[2]; Sanchez-Ferandin, Sophie ^[2];

^[2];

^[3]; Grigoriev, Igor V. ^[6]; Grimsley, Nigel ^[2];

^[7]; Piganeau, Gwenael ^[8]

Kyoto Univ. (Japan); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Banyuls-sur-Mer (France)
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Banyuls-sur-Mer (France); Univ. Pierre et Marie Curie, Banyuls-sur-Mer (France)
Univ. of Montpellier (France); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier (France)
USDOE Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, CA (United States)
National Inst. of Agricultural Research (INRA), Castanet-Tolosan (France)
USDOE Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
Univ. of Sussex, Brighton (United Kingdom)
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Banyuls-sur-Mer (France); Univ. Pierre et Marie Curie, Banyuls-sur-Mer (France); Univ. of Sussex, Brighton (United Kingdom)

Tiny photosynthetic microorganisms that form the picoplankton (between 0.3 and 3 μm in diameter) are at the base of the food web in many marine ecosystems, and their adaptability to environmental change hinges on standing genetic variation. Although the genomic and phenotypic diversity of the bacterial component of the oceans has been intensively studied, little is known about the genomic and phenotypic diversity within each of the diverse eukaryotic species present. We report the level of genomic diversity in a natural population of Ostreococcus tauri (Chlorophyta, Mamiellophyceae), the smallest photosynthetic eukaryote. Contrary to the expectations of clonal evolution or cryptic species, the spectrum of genomic polymorphism observed suggests a large panmictic population (an effective population size of 1.2 × 10⁷) with pervasive evidence of sexual reproduction. De novo assemblies of low-coverage chromosomes reveal two large candidate mating-type loci with suppressed recombination, whose origin may pre-date the speciation events in the class Mamiellophyceae. This high genetic diversity is associated with large phenotypic differences between strains. Strikingly, resistance of isolates to large double-stranded DNA viruses, which abound in their natural environment, is positively correlated with the size of a single hypervariable chromosome, which contains 44 to 156 kb of strain-specific sequences. Our findings highlight the role of viruses in shaping genome diversity in marine picoeukaryotes.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC); Agence Nationale de la Recherche

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; 254619; ANR-13-JSV6-0005

OSTI ID:: 1619078

Journal Information:: Science Advances, Vol. 3, Issue 7; ISSN 2375-2548

Publisher:: AAASCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Related Subjects

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
picophytoplankton
sex evolution
mating type locus
population genomics
chromothripsis
linkage disequilibrium
GC content evolution
prasinovirus
evolutionary genomics
multiple nucleotide mutation events