The Snowmelt Niche Differentiates Three Microbial Life Strategies That Influence Soil Nitrogen Availability During and After Winter
Abstract
Soil microbial biomass can reach its annual maximum pool size beneath the winter snowpack and is known to decline abruptly following snowmelt in seasonally snow-covered ecosystems. Observed differences in winter versus summer microbial taxonomic composition also suggests that phylogenetically conserved traits may permit winter- versus summer-adapted microorganisms to occupy distinct niches. In this study, we sought to identify archaea, bacteria, and fungi that are associated with the soil microbial bloom overwinter and the subsequent biomass collapse following snowmelt at a high-altitude watershed in central Colorado, United States. Archaea, bacteria, and fungi were categorized into three life strategies (Winter-Adapted, Snowmelt-Specialist, Spring-Adapted) based upon changes in abundance during winter, the snowmelt period, and after snowmelt in spring. We calculated indices of phylogenetic relatedness (archaea and bacteria) or assigned functional attributes (fungi) to organisms within life strategies to infer whether phylogenetically conserved traits differentiate Winter-Adapted, Snowmelt-Specialist, and Spring-Adapted groups. We observed that the soil microbial bloom was correlated in time with a pulse of snowmelt infiltration, which commenced 65 days prior to soils becoming snow-free. A pulse of nitrogen (N, as nitrate) occurred after snowmelt, along with a collapse in the microbial biomass pool size, and an increased abundance of nitrifying archaea andmore »
- Authors:
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); RMBL
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1618883
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1659703
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-05CH11231; DBI-1315705
- Resource Type:
- Published Article
- Journal Name:
- Frontiers in Microbiology
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Frontiers in Microbiology Journal Volume: 11; Journal ID: ISSN 1664-302X
- Publisher:
- Frontiers Research Foundation
- Country of Publication:
- Switzerland
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES; snowmelt; watershed; life history strategy; soil nitrogen; soil archaea and bacteria; soil fungi
Citation Formats
Sorensen, Patrick O., Beller, Harry R., Bill, Markus, Bouskill, Nicholas J., Hubbard, Susan S., Karaoz, Ulas, Polussa, Alexander, Steltzer, Heidi, Wang, Shi, Williams, Kenneth H., Wu, Yuxin, and Brodie, Eoin L. The Snowmelt Niche Differentiates Three Microbial Life Strategies That Influence Soil Nitrogen Availability During and After Winter. Switzerland: N. p., 2020.
Web. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.00871.
Sorensen, Patrick O., Beller, Harry R., Bill, Markus, Bouskill, Nicholas J., Hubbard, Susan S., Karaoz, Ulas, Polussa, Alexander, Steltzer, Heidi, Wang, Shi, Williams, Kenneth H., Wu, Yuxin, & Brodie, Eoin L. The Snowmelt Niche Differentiates Three Microbial Life Strategies That Influence Soil Nitrogen Availability During and After Winter. Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00871
Sorensen, Patrick O., Beller, Harry R., Bill, Markus, Bouskill, Nicholas J., Hubbard, Susan S., Karaoz, Ulas, Polussa, Alexander, Steltzer, Heidi, Wang, Shi, Williams, Kenneth H., Wu, Yuxin, and Brodie, Eoin L. Fri .
"The Snowmelt Niche Differentiates Three Microbial Life Strategies That Influence Soil Nitrogen Availability During and After Winter". Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00871.
@article{osti_1618883,
title = {The Snowmelt Niche Differentiates Three Microbial Life Strategies That Influence Soil Nitrogen Availability During and After Winter},
author = {Sorensen, Patrick O. and Beller, Harry R. and Bill, Markus and Bouskill, Nicholas J. and Hubbard, Susan S. and Karaoz, Ulas and Polussa, Alexander and Steltzer, Heidi and Wang, Shi and Williams, Kenneth H. and Wu, Yuxin and Brodie, Eoin L.},
abstractNote = {Soil microbial biomass can reach its annual maximum pool size beneath the winter snowpack and is known to decline abruptly following snowmelt in seasonally snow-covered ecosystems. Observed differences in winter versus summer microbial taxonomic composition also suggests that phylogenetically conserved traits may permit winter- versus summer-adapted microorganisms to occupy distinct niches. In this study, we sought to identify archaea, bacteria, and fungi that are associated with the soil microbial bloom overwinter and the subsequent biomass collapse following snowmelt at a high-altitude watershed in central Colorado, United States. Archaea, bacteria, and fungi were categorized into three life strategies (Winter-Adapted, Snowmelt-Specialist, Spring-Adapted) based upon changes in abundance during winter, the snowmelt period, and after snowmelt in spring. We calculated indices of phylogenetic relatedness (archaea and bacteria) or assigned functional attributes (fungi) to organisms within life strategies to infer whether phylogenetically conserved traits differentiate Winter-Adapted, Snowmelt-Specialist, and Spring-Adapted groups. We observed that the soil microbial bloom was correlated in time with a pulse of snowmelt infiltration, which commenced 65 days prior to soils becoming snow-free. A pulse of nitrogen (N, as nitrate) occurred after snowmelt, along with a collapse in the microbial biomass pool size, and an increased abundance of nitrifying archaea and bacteria (e.g., Thaumarchaeota, Nitrospirae). Winter- and Spring-Adapted archaea and bacteria were phylogenetically clustered, suggesting that phylogenetically conserved traits allow Winter- and Spring-Adapted archaea and bacteria to occupy distinct niches. In contrast, Snowmelt-Specialist archaea and bacteria were phylogenetically overdispersed, suggesting that the key mechanism(s) of the microbial biomass crash are likely to be density-dependent (e.g., trophic interactions, competitive exclusion) and affect organisms across a broad phylogenetic spectrum. Saprotrophic fungi were the dominant functional group across fungal life strategies, however, ectomycorrhizal fungi experienced a large increase in abundance in spring. If well-coupled plant-mycorrhizal phenology currently buffers ecosystem N losses in spring, then changes in snowmelt timing may alter ecosystem N retention potential. Overall, we observed that snowmelt separates three distinct soil niches that are occupied by ecologically distinct groups of microorganisms. This ecological differentiation is of biogeochemical importance, particularly with respect to the mobilization of nitrogen during winter, before and after snowmelt.},
doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2020.00871},
journal = {Frontiers in Microbiology},
number = ,
volume = 11,
place = {Switzerland},
year = {Fri May 15 00:00:00 EDT 2020},
month = {Fri May 15 00:00:00 EDT 2020}
}
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https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00871
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