A screening method to identify efficient sgRNAs in Arabidopsis, used in conjunction with cell-specific lignin reduction

Liang, Yan; Eudes, Aymerick; Yogiswara, Sasha; Jing, Beibei; Benites, Veronica T.; Yamanaka, Reo; Cheng-Yue, Clarabelle; Baidoo, Edward E.; Mortimer, Jenny C.; Scheller, Henrik V.; Loqué, Dominique

doi:10.1186/s13068-019-1467-y

Title: A screening method to identify efficient sgRNAs in Arabidopsis, used in conjunction with cell-specific lignin reduction

Journal Article · 23 May 2019 · Biotechnology for Biofuels

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-019-1467-y · OSTI ID:1618754

Liang, Yan ^[1]; Eudes, Aymerick ^[1]; Yogiswara, Sasha ^[1]; Jing, Beibei ^[1]; Benites, Veronica T. ^[1]; Yamanaka, Reo ^[2]; Cheng-Yue, Clarabelle ^[1]; Baidoo, Edward E. ^[1]; Mortimer, Jenny C. ^[1];

^[3]; Loqué, Dominique ^[3]

Joint BioEnergy Inst. (JBEI), Emeryville, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Joint BioEnergy Inst. (JBEI), Emeryville, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
Joint BioEnergy Inst. (JBEI), Emeryville, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)

Single guide RNA (sgRNA) selection is important for the efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing. However, in plants, the rules governing selection are not well established. We developed a facile transient assay to screen sgRNA efficiency. We then used it to test top-performing bioinformatically predicted sgRNAs for two different Arabidopsis genes. In our assay, these sgRNAs had vastly different editing efficiencies, and these efficiencies were replicated in stably transformed Arabidopsis lines. One of the genes, hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA shikimate/quinate hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (HCT), is an essential gene, required for lignin biosynthesis. Previously, HCT function has been studied using gene silencing. Here, to avoid the negative growth effects that are due to the loss of HCT activity in xylem vessels, we used a fiber-specific promoter to drive CAS9 expression. Two independent transgenic lines showed the expected lignin decrease. Successful editing was confirmed via the observation of mutations at the HCT target loci, as well as an approximately 90% decrease in HCT activity. Histochemical analysis and a normal growth phenotype support the fiber-specific knockout of HCT. For the targeting of the second gene, Golgi-localized nucleotide sugar transporter2 (GONST2), a highly efficient sgRNA drastically increased the rate of germline editing in T1 generation. This screening method is widely applicable, and the selection and use of efficient sgRNAs will accelerate the process of expanding germplasm for both molecular breeding and research. In addition, this, to the best of our knowledge, is the first application of constrained genome editing to obtain chimeric plants of essential genes, thereby providing a dominant method to avoid lethal growth phenotypes.

View Journal Article

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; DEAC0205CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1618754

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1526557

Journal Information:: Biotechnology for Biofuels, Vol. 12, Issue 1; ISSN 1754-6834

Publisher:: BioMed CentralCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (162)

Lignin modification improves fermentable sugar yields for biofuel production Chen, Fang; Dixon, Richard A. Nature Biotechnology, Vol. 25, Issue 7, p. 759-761 https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt1316	journal	June 2007
Systemic acquired silencing: transgene-specific post-transcriptional silencing is transmitted by grafting from silenced stocks to non-silenced scions Palauqui, J. -C. The EMBO Journal, Vol. 16, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1093/emboj/16.15.4738	journal	August 1997
Refined sgRNA efficacy prediction improves large- and small-scale CRISPR–Cas9 applications Labuhn, Maurice; Adams, Felix F.; Ng, Michelle Nucleic Acids Research, Vol. 46, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkx1268	journal	December 2017
RNA-guided transcriptional regulation in planta via synthetic dCas9-based transcription factors Piatek, Agnieszka; Ali, Zahir; Baazim, Hatoon Plant Biotechnology Journal, Vol. 13, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.12284	journal	November 2014
CRISPR-P: A Web Tool for Synthetic Single-Guide RNA Design of CRISPR-System in Plants Lei, Yang; Lu, Li; Liu, Hai-Yang Molecular Plant, Vol. 7, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1093/mp/ssu044	journal	September 2014
Digital logic circuits in yeast with CRISPR-dCas9 NOR gates Gander, Miles W.; Vrana, Justin D.; Voje, William E. Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15459	journal	May 2017
NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis Schneider, Caroline A.; Rasband, Wayne S.; Eliceiri, Kevin W. Nature Methods, Vol. 9, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2089	journal	June 2012
CRISPR RNA maturation by trans-encoded small RNA and host factor RNase III Deltcheva, Elitza; Chylinski, Krzysztof; Sharma, Cynthia M. Nature, Vol. 471, Issue 7340 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09886	journal	March 2011
Integrative Genomics Viewer (IGV): high-performance genomics data visualization and exploration Thorvaldsdottir, H.; Robinson, J. T.; Mesirov, J. P. Briefings in Bioinformatics, Vol. 14, Issue 2, p. 178-192 https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbs017	journal	April 2012
Genome editing in rice and wheat using the CRISPR/Cas system Shan, Qiwei; Wang, Yanpeng; Li, Jun Nature Protocols, Vol. 9, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2014.157	journal	September 2014
Multigeneration analysis reveals the inheritance, specificity, and patterns of CRISPR/Cas-induced gene modifications in Arabidopsis Feng, Z.; Mao, Y.; Xu, N. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 111, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1400822111	journal	February 2014
CRISPRpred: A flexible and efficient tool for sgRNAs on-target activity prediction in CRISPR/Cas9 systems Rahman, Md. Khaledur; Rahman, M. Sohel PLOS ONE, Vol. 12, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181943	journal	August 2017
Enhanced Specificity and Efficiency of the CRISPR/Cas9 System with Optimized sgRNA Parameters in Drosophila Ren, Xingjie; Yang, Zhihao; Xu, Jiang Cell Reports, Vol. 9, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2014.09.044	journal	November 2014
Engineering canker-resistant plants through CRISPR/Cas9-targeted editing of the susceptibility gene CsLOB1 promoter in citrus Peng, Aihong; Chen, Shanchun; Lei, Tiangang Plant Biotechnology Journal, Vol. 15, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.12733	journal	May 2017
Analysis of the aphthovirus 2A/2B polyprotein ‘cleavage’ mechanism indicates not a proteolytic reaction, but a novel translational effect: a putative ribosomal ‘skip’ Ryan, Martin D.; Mehrotra, Amit; Gani, David Journal of General Virology, Vol. 82, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-82-5-1013	journal	May 2001
A Cas9-guide RNA complex preorganized for target DNA recognition Jiang, F.; Zhou, K.; Ma, L. Science, Vol. 348, Issue 6242 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aab1452	journal	June 2015
A Robust CRISPR/Cas9 System for Convenient, High-Efficiency Multiplex Genome Editing in Monocot and Dicot Plants Ma, Xingliang; Zhang, Qunyu; Zhu, Qinlong Molecular Plant, Vol. 8, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2015.04.007	journal	August 2015
Comparative assessments of CRISPR-Cas nucleases’ cleavage efficiency in planta Johnson, Ross A.; Gurevich, Vyacheslav; Filler, Shdema Plant Molecular Biology, Vol. 87, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-014-0266-x	journal	November 2014
Internal guide RNA interactions interfere with Cas9-mediated cleavage Thyme, Summer B.; Akhmetova, Laila; Montague, Tessa G. Nature Communications, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms11750	journal	June 2016
Optimizing sgRNA structure to improve CRISPR-Cas9 knockout efficiency Dang, Ying; Jia, Gengxiang; Choi, Jennie Genome Biology, Vol. 16, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-015-0846-3	journal	December 2015
An Arabidopsis Tissue-Specific RNAi Method for Studying Genes Essential to Mitosis Burgos-Rivera, Brunilís; Dawe, R. Kelly PLoS ONE, Vol. 7, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051388	journal	December 2012
Sequence- and Structure-Specific RNA Processing by a CRISPR Endonuclease Haurwitz, R. E.; Jinek, M.; Wiedenheft, B. Science, Vol. 329, Issue 5997, p. 1355-1358 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1192272	journal	September 2010
Increased efficiency of targeted mutagenesis by CRISPR/Cas9 in plants using heat stress LeBlanc, Chantal; Zhang, Fei; Mendez, Josefina The Plant Journal, Vol. 93, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.13782	journal	December 2017
Easy quantitative assessment of genome editing by sequence trace decomposition Brinkman, Eva K.; Chen, Tao; Amendola, Mario Nucleic Acids Research, Vol. 42, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gku936	journal	October 2014
Efficient Mutagenesis by Cas9 Protein-Mediated Oligonucleotide Insertion and Large-Scale Assessment of Single-Guide RNAs Gagnon, James A.; Valen, Eivind; Thyme, Summer B. PLoS ONE, Vol. 9, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0098186	journal	May 2014
Down-regulation of hydroxycinnamoyl CoA: Shikimate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase in transgenic alfalfa affects lignification, development and forage quality Shadle, Gail; Chen, Fang; Srinivasa Reddy, M. S. Phytochemistry, Vol. 68, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.03.022	journal	June 2007
Engineering of plants with improved properties as biofuels feedstocks by vessel-specific complementation of xylan biosynthesis mutants Petersen, Pia Damm; Lau, Jane; Ebert, Berit Biotechnology for Biofuels, Vol. 5, Issue 1, Article No. 84 https://doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-5-84	journal	January 2012
Genome-Wide Prediction of Highly Specific Guide RNA Spacers for CRISPR–Cas9-Mediated Genome Editing in Model Plants and Major Crops Xie, Kabin; Zhang, Jianwei; Yang, Yinong Molecular Plant, Vol. 7, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1093/mp/ssu009	journal	May 2014
Improving CRISPR-Cas nuclease specificity using truncated guide RNAs Fu, Yanfang; Sander, Jeffry D.; Reyon, Deepak Nature Biotechnology, Vol. 32, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.2808	journal	January 2014
Silencing of Hydroxycinnamoyl-Coenzyme A Shikimate/Quinate Hydroxycinnamoyltransferase Affects Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis Hoffmann, Laurent; Besseau, Sébastien; Geoffroy, Pierrette The Plant Cell, Vol. 16, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.020297	journal	May 2004
Structural Characterization of Wheat Straw Lignin as Revealed by Analytical Pyrolysis, 2D-NMR, and Reductive Cleavage Methods del Río, José C.; Rencoret, Jorge; Prinsen, Pepijn Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Vol. 60, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf301002n	journal	December 2011
Cell-to-cell transport of proteins and fluorescent tracers via plasmodesmata during plant development Zambryski, Patricia The Journal of Cell Biology, Vol. 164, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200310048	journal	January 2004
A Programmable Dual-RNA-Guided DNA Endonuclease in Adaptive Bacterial Immunity Jinek, M.; Chylinski, K.; Fonfara, I. Science, Vol. 337, Issue 6096, p. 816-821 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1225829	journal	June 2012
A CRISPR/Cas9 Toolbox for Multiplexed Plant Genome Editing and Transcriptional Regulation Lowder, Levi G.; Zhang, Dengwei; Baltes, Nicholas J. Plant Physiology, Vol. 169, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.15.00636	journal	August 2015
Genome Editing in Cotton with the CRISPR/Cas9 System Gao, Wei; Long, Lu; Tian, Xinquan Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol. 8 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01364	journal	August 2017
Design, implementation and practice of JBEI-ICE: an open source biological part registry platform and tools Ham, T. S.; Dmytriv, Z.; Plahar, H. Nucleic Acids Research, Vol. 40, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gks531	journal	June 2012
Disruption of Mediator rescues the stunted growth of a lignin-deficient Arabidopsis mutant Bonawitz, Nicholas D.; Kim, Jeong Im; Tobimatsu, Yuki Nature, Vol. 509, Issue 7500, p. 376-380 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13084	journal	March 2014
Genetic Screens in Human Cells Using the CRISPR-Cas9 System Wang, Tim; Wei, Jenny J.; Sabatini, David M. Science, Vol. 343, Issue 6166 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1246981	journal	December 2013
Endoribonuclease-Based Two-Component Repressor Systems for Tight Gene Expression Control in Plants Liang, Yan; Richardson, Sarah; Yan, Jingwei ACS Synthetic Biology, Vol. 6, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/acssynbio.6b00295	journal	February 2017
Expression of a bacterial 3-dehydroshikimate dehydratase reduces lignin content and improves biomass saccharification efficiency Eudes, Aymerick; Sathitsuksanoh, Noppadon; Baidoo, Edward E. K. Plant Biotechnology Journal, Vol. 13, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.12310	journal	January 2015
Exploiting the Substrate Promiscuity of Hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:Shikimate Hydroxycinnamoyl Transferase to Reduce Lignin Eudes, Aymerick; Pereira, Jose H.; Yogiswara, Sasha Plant and Cell Physiology, Vol. 57, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcw016	journal	February 2016
High molecular weight RNAs and small interfering RNAs induce systemic posttranscriptional gene silencing in plants Klahre, U.; Crete, P.; Leuenberger, S. A. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 99, Issue 18, p. 11981-11986 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.182204199	journal	August 2002
Mfold web server for nucleic acid folding and hybridization prediction Zuker, M. Nucleic Acids Research, Vol. 31, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkg595	journal	July 2003
CRISPR interference-based specific and efficient gene inactivation in the brain Zheng, Yi; Shen, Wei; Zhang, Jian Nature Neuroscience, Vol. 21, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-018-0077-5	journal	February 2018
Optimizing sgRNA position markedly improves the efficiency of CRISPR/dCas9-mediated transcriptional repression Radzisheuskaya, Aliaksandra; Shlyueva, Daria; Müller, Iris Nucleic Acids Research, Vol. 44, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkw583	journal	June 2016
Improving total saccharification yield of Arabidopsis plants by vessel-specific complementation of caffeoyl shikimate esterase (cse) mutants Vargas, Lívia; Cesarino, Igor; Vanholme, Ruben Biotechnology for Biofuels, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-016-0551-9	journal	July 2016
RNA Silencing and the Mobile Silencing Signal Mlotshwa, Sizolwenkosi; Voinnet, Olivier; Mette, M. Florian The Plant Cell, Vol. 14, Issue suppl 1 https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.001677	journal	May 2002
C2c2 is a single-component programmable RNA-guided RNA-targeting CRISPR effector Abudayyeh, Omar O.; Gootenberg, Jonathan S.; Konermann, Silvana Science, Vol. 353, Issue 6299 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf5573	journal	June 2016
Rational design of highly active sgRNAs for CRISPR-Cas9–mediated gene inactivation Doench, John G.; Hartenian, Ella; Graham, Daniel B. Nature Biotechnology, Vol. 32, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.3026	journal	September 2014
CRISPR/Cpf1-mediated DNA-free plant genome editing Kim, Hyeran; Kim, Sang-Tae; Ryu, Jahee Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14406	journal	February 2017
Integrative genomics viewer Robinson, James T.; Thorvaldsdóttir, Helga; Winckler, Wendy Nature Biotechnology, Vol. 29, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.1754	journal	January 2011
RNA-programmed genome editing in human cells Jinek, Martin; East, Alexandra; Cheng, Aaron eLife, Vol. 2, Article No. e00471 https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00471	journal	January 2013
Coordinate Expression and Independent Subcellular Targeting of Multiple Proteins from a Single Transgene El Amrani, Abdelhak; Barakate, Abdellah; Askari, Barak M. Plant Physiology, Vol. 135, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.103.032649	journal	May 2004
Female Reproductive Tissues Are the Primary Target of Agrobacterium -Mediated Transformation by the Arabidopsis Floral-Dip Method Desfeux, Christine; Clough, Steven J.; Bent, Andrew F. Plant Physiology, Vol. 123, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.123.3.895	journal	July 2000
Engineering cottonseed for use in human nutrition by tissue-specific reduction of toxic gossypol Sunilkumar, G.; Campbell, L. M.; Puckhaber, L. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 103, Issue 48 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0605389103	journal	November 2006
Production of tranilast [N-(3′,4′-dimethoxycinnamoyl)-anthranilic acid] and its analogs in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Eudes, Aymerick; Baidoo, Edward E. K.; Yang, Fan Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vol. 89, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-010-2939-y	journal	October 2010
Author Correction: CRISPR interference-based specific and efficient gene inactivation in the brain Zheng, Yi; Shen, Wei; Zhang, Jian Nature Neuroscience, Vol. 21, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-018-0125-1	journal	March 2018
Vessel-Specific Reintroduction of CINNAMOYL-COA REDUCTASE1 (CCR1) in Dwarfed ccr1 Mutants Restores Vessel and Xylary Fiber Integrity and Increases Biomass De Meester, Barbara; de Vries, Lisanne; Özparpucu, Merve Plant Physiology, Vol. 176, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.17.01462	journal	November 2017
Engineering Complex Synthetic Transcriptional Programs with CRISPR RNA Scaffolds Zalatan, Jesse G.; Lee, Michael E.; Almeida, Ricardo Cell, Vol. 160, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2014.11.052	journal	January 2015
Flavonoid Accumulation in Arabidopsis Repressed in Lignin Synthesis Affects Auxin Transport and Plant Growth Besseau, S.; Hoffmann, L.; Geoffroy, P. THE PLANT CELL ONLINE, Vol. 19, Issue 1, p. 148-162 https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.106.044495	journal	January 2007
A User’s Guide to the Arabidopsis T-DNA Insertion Mutant Collections O’Malley, Ronan C.; Barragan, Cesar C.; Ecker, Joseph R. Methods in Molecular Biology https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2444-8_16	book	January 2015
CRISPR for Crop Improvement: An Update Review Jaganathan, Deepa; Ramasamy, Karthikeyan; Sellamuthu, Gothandapani Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol. 9 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.00985	journal	July 2018
Floral dip: a simplified method for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana Clough, Steven J.; Bent, Andrew F. The Plant Journal, Vol. 16, Issue 6, p. 735-743 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-313x.1998.00343.x	journal	December 1998
Distinct Effects of p19 RNA Silencing Suppressor on Small RNA Mediated Pathways in Plants Kontra, Levente; Csorba, Tibor; Tavazza, Mario PLOS Pathogens, Vol. 12, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005935	journal	October 2016
Abnormal Glycosphingolipid Mannosylation Triggers Salicylic Acid–Mediated Responses in Arabidopsis Mortimer, Jenny C.; Yu, Xiaolan; Albrecht, Sandra The Plant Cell, Vol. 25, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.113.111500	journal	May 2013
High-Efficiency Genome Editing in Arabidopsis Using YAO Promoter-Driven CRISPR/Cas9 System Yan, Liuhua; Wei, Shaowei; Wu, Yaorong Molecular Plant, Vol. 8, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2015.10.004	journal	December 2015
Development of germ-line-specific CRISPR-Cas9 systems to improve the production of heritable gene modifications in Arabidopsis Mao, Yanfei; Zhang, Zhengjing; Feng, Zhengyan Plant Biotechnology Journal, Vol. 14, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.12468	journal	September 2015
CHOPCHOP v2: a web tool for the next generation of CRISPR genome engineering Labun, Kornel; Montague, Tessa G.; Gagnon, James A. Nucleic Acids Research, Vol. 44, Issue W1 https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkw398	journal	May 2016
CRISPR-Mediated Modular RNA-Guided Regulation of Transcription in Eukaryotes Gilbert, Luke A.; Larson, Matthew H.; Morsut, Leonardo Cell, Vol. 154, Issue 2, p. 442-451 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2013.06.044	journal	July 2013
CHOPCHOP: a CRISPR/Cas9 and TALEN web tool for genome editing Montague, Tessa G.; Cruz, José M.; Gagnon, James A. Nucleic Acids Research, Vol. 42, Issue W1 https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gku410	journal	May 2014
Cell-to-cell and long-distance siRNA movement in plants: mechanisms and biological implications Brosnan, Christopher Andrew; Voinnet, Olivier Current Opinion in Plant Biology, Vol. 14, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2011.07.011	journal	October 2011
Gene stacking of multiple traits for high yield of fermentable sugars in plant biomass Aznar, Aude; Chalvin, Camille; Shih, Patrick M. Biotechnology for Biofuels, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-017-1007-6	journal	January 2018
Genome-wide binding of the CRISPR endonuclease Cas9 in mammalian cells Wu, Xuebing; Scott, David A.; Kriz, Andrea J. Nature Biotechnology, Vol. 32, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.2889	journal	April 2014
Optimization of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to modify abiotic stress responses in plants Osakabe, Yuriko; Watanabe, Takahito; Sugano, Shigeo S. Scientific Reports, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep26685	journal	May 2016
SND1, a NAC Domain Transcription Factor, Is a Key Regulator of Secondary Wall Synthesis in Fibers of Arabidopsis Zhong, Ruiqin; Demura, Taku; Ye, Zheng-Hua The Plant Cell, Vol. 18, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.106.047399	journal	November 2006
CRISPR-P 2.0: An Improved CRISPR-Cas9 Tool for Genome Editing in Plants Liu, Hao; Ding, Yuduan; Zhou, Yanqing Molecular Plant, Vol. 10, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2017.01.003	journal	March 2017
Tailoring lignin biosynthesis for efficient and sustainable biofuel production Liu, Chang-Jun; Cai, Yuanheng; Zhang, Xuebin Plant Biotechnology Journal, Vol. 12, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.12250	journal	September 2014
Crystal Structure of Cas9 in Complex with Guide RNA and Target DNA Nishimasu, Hiroshi; Ran, F. Ann; Hsu, Patrick D. Cell, Vol. 156, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2014.02.001	journal	February 2014
Multiplex and homologous recombination–mediated genome editing in Arabidopsis and Nicotiana benthamiana using guide RNA and Cas9 Li, Jian-Feng; Norville, Julie E.; Aach, John Nature Biotechnology, Vol. 31, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.2654	journal	August 2013
Collapsed Xylem Phenotype of Arabidopsis Identifies Mutants Deficient in Cellulose Deposition in the Secondary Cell Wall Turner, S. R.; Somerville, C. R. The Plant Cell, Vol. 9, Issue 5, p. 689-701 https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.9.5.689	journal	May 1997
Egg cell-specific promoter-controlled CRISPR/Cas9 efficiently generates homozygous mutants for multiple target genes in Arabidopsis in a single generation Wang, Zhi-Ping; Xing, Hui-Li; Dong, Li Genome Biology, Vol. 16, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-015-0715-0	journal	July 2015
Breeding with rare defective alleles (BRDA): a natural Populus nigra HCT mutant with modified lignin as a case study Vanholme, Bartel; Cesarino, Igor; Goeminne, Geert New Phytologist, Vol. 198, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.12179	journal	February 2013
Production of hydroxycinnamoyl anthranilates from glucose in Escherichia coli Eudes, Aymerick; Juminaga, Darmawi; Baidoo, Edward E. K. Microbial Cell Factories, Vol. 12, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2859-12-62	journal	January 2013
Engineering secondary cell wall deposition in plants Yang, Fan; Mitra, Prajakta; Zhang, Ling Plant Biotechnology Journal, Vol. 11, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.12016	journal	November 2012
NAC Transcription Factors, NST1 and NST3, Are Key Regulators of the Formation of Secondary Walls in Woody Tissues of Arabidopsis Mitsuda, N.; Iwase, A.; Yamamoto, H. The Plant Cell, Vol. 19, Issue 1, p. 270-280 https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.106.047043	journal	January 2007
The Determination of Lignin Dence, C. W. Methods in Lignin Chemistry https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74065-7_3	book	January 1992
Histochemical Staining of Arabidopsis thaliana Secondary Cell Wall Elements Pradhan Mitra, Prajakta; Loqué, Dominique Journal of Visualized Experiments, Issue 87 https://doi.org/10.3791/51381	journal	January 2014
Viral RNA silencing suppressors inhibit the microRNA pathway at an intermediate step Chapman, E. J. Genes & Development, Vol. 18, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.1201204	journal	May 2004
The Golgi localized bifunctional UDP-rhamnose/UDP-galactose transporter family of Arabidopsis Rautengarten, C.; Ebert, B.; Moreno, I. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 111, Issue 31 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1406073111	journal	July 2014
Efficient CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Gene Editing in Arabidopsis thaliana and Inheritance of Modified Genes in the T2 and T3 Generations Jiang, WenZhi; Yang, Bing; Weeks, Donald P. PLoS ONE, Vol. 9, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0099225	journal	June 2014
Selection of highly efficient sgRNAs for CRISPR/Cas9-based plant genome editing Liang, Gang; Zhang, Huimin; Lou, Dengji Scientific Reports, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep21451	journal	February 2016
Guide RNA Design for Genome-Wide CRISPR Screens in Yarrowia lipolytica Ramesh, Adithya; Wheeldon, Ian Yarrowia lipolytica https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1414-3_8	book	April 2021
Morphological and genetic characterization of the first Isospora species (I. lugensae n. sp.) from a Kerguelen petrel (Lugensa brevirostris) Yang, Rongchang; Brice, Belinda; Liu, Qier Parasitology Research, Vol. 120, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-021-07046-6	journal	January 2021
A central circadian oscillator confers defense heterosis in hybrids without growth vigor costs Yang, Li; Liu, Pengtao; Wang, Xuncheng Nature Communications, Vol. 12, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22268-z	journal	April 2021
Collapsed Xylem Phenotype of Arabidopsis Identifies Mutants Deficient in Cellulose Deposition in the Secondary Cell Wall Turner, Simon R.; Somerville, Chris R. The Plant Cell, Vol. 9, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.2307/3870425	journal	May 1997
RNA-programmed genome editing in human cells Jinek, Martin; East, Alexandra; Cheng, Aaron eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-79770	text	January 2013
The determination of lignin Czerkawski, J. W. British Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 21, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1079/bjn19670034	journal	May 1967
A User’s Guide to the Arabidopsis T-DNA Insertion Mutant Collections O’Malley, Ronan C.; Barragan, Cesar C.; Ecker, Joseph R. Methods in Molecular Biology https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2444-8_16	book	January 2015
The Determination of Lignin Dence, C. W. Methods in Lignin Chemistry https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74065-7_3	book	January 1992
Production of tranilast [N-(3′,4′-dimethoxycinnamoyl)-anthranilic acid] and its analogs in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Eudes, Aymerick; Baidoo, Edward E. K.; Yang, Fan Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vol. 89, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-010-2939-y	journal	October 2010
Drilling accurate nanopores for biosensors by energetic multi-wall carbon nanotubes: a molecular dynamics investigation Li, Changsheng; Wang, Zilin; Ma, Lei Journal of Molecular Modeling, Vol. 28, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00894-022-05276-8	journal	September 2022
Comparative assessments of CRISPR-Cas nucleases’ cleavage efficiency in planta Johnson, Ross A.; Gurevich, Vyacheslav; Filler, Shdema Plant Molecular Biology, Vol. 87, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-014-0266-x	journal	November 2014
Identification of putative microRNAs in the complete genome of Mycobacterium avium and their possible interaction with human transcripts Nath, Durbba; Chakraborty, Supriyo Journal of Applied Genetics, Vol. 63, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13353-021-00666-9	journal	October 2021
Crystal Structure of Cas9 in Complex with Guide RNA and Target DNA Nishimasu, Hiroshi; Ran, F. Ann; Hsu, Patrick D. Cell, Vol. 156, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2014.02.001	journal	February 2014
Enhanced Specificity and Efficiency of the CRISPR/Cas9 System with Optimized sgRNA Parameters in Drosophila Ren, Xingjie; Yang, Zhihao; Xu, Jiang Cell Reports, Vol. 9, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2014.09.044	journal	November 2014
A Robust CRISPR/Cas9 System for Convenient, High-Efficiency Multiplex Genome Editing in Monocot and Dicot Plants Ma, Xingliang; Zhang, Qunyu; Zhu, Qinlong Molecular Plant, Vol. 8, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2015.04.007	journal	August 2015
CRISPR-P 2.0: An Improved CRISPR-Cas9 Tool for Genome Editing in Plants Liu, Hao; Ding, Yuduan; Zhou, Yanqing Molecular Plant, Vol. 10, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2017.01.003	journal	March 2017
Cell-to-cell and long-distance siRNA movement in plants: mechanisms and biological implications Brosnan, Christopher Andrew; Voinnet, Olivier Current Opinion in Plant Biology, Vol. 14, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2011.07.011	journal	October 2011
Down-regulation of hydroxycinnamoyl CoA: Shikimate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase in transgenic alfalfa affects lignification, development and forage quality Shadle, Gail; Chen, Fang; Srinivasa Reddy, M. S. Phytochemistry, Vol. 68, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.03.022	journal	June 2007
Endoribonuclease-Based Two-Component Repressor Systems for Tight Gene Expression Control in Plants Liang, Yan; Richardson, Sarah; Yan, Jingwei ACS Synthetic Biology, Vol. 6, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/acssynbio.6b00295	journal	February 2017
CRISPR RNA maturation by trans-encoded small RNA and host factor RNase III Deltcheva, Elitza; Chylinski, Krzysztof; Sharma, Cynthia M. Nature, Vol. 471, Issue 7340 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09886	journal	March 2011
Disruption of Mediator rescues the stunted growth of a lignin-deficient Arabidopsis mutant Bonawitz, Nicholas D.; Kim, Jeong Im; Tobimatsu, Yuki Nature, Vol. 509, Issue 7500, p. 376-380 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13084	journal	March 2014
Genome-wide binding of the CRISPR endonuclease Cas9 in mammalian cells Wu, Xuebing; Scott, David A.; Kriz, Andrea J. Nature Biotechnology, Vol. 32, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.2889	journal	April 2014
Rational design of highly active sgRNAs for CRISPR-Cas9–mediated gene inactivation Doench, John G.; Hartenian, Ella; Graham, Daniel B. Nature Biotechnology, Vol. 32, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.3026	journal	September 2014
Lignin modification improves fermentable sugar yields for biofuel production Chen, Fang; Dixon, Richard A. Nature Biotechnology, Vol. 25, Issue 7, p. 759-761 https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt1316	journal	June 2007
CRISPR/Cpf1-mediated DNA-free plant genome editing Kim, Hyeran; Kim, Sang-Tae; Ryu, Jahee Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14406	journal	February 2017
Genome editing in rice and wheat using the CRISPR/Cas system Shan, Qiwei; Wang, Yanpeng; Li, Jun Nature Protocols, Vol. 9, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2014.157	journal	September 2014
A topological refactoring design strategy yields highly stable granulopoietic proteins Skokowa, Julia; Hernandez Alvarez, Birte; Coles, Murray Nature Communications, Vol. 13, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-30157-2	journal	May 2022
Genome-wide CRISPR screen identifies PRC2 and KMT2D-COMPASS as regulators of distinct EMT trajectories that contribute differentially to metastasis Zhang, Yun; Donaher, Joana Liu; Das, Sunny Nature Cell Biology, Vol. 24, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41556-022-00877-0	journal	April 2022
CRISPR interference-based specific and efficient gene inactivation in the brain Zheng, Yi; Shen, Wei; Zhang, Jian Nature Neuroscience, Vol. 21, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-018-0077-5	journal	February 2018
Author Correction: CRISPR interference-based specific and efficient gene inactivation in the brain Zheng, Yi; Shen, Wei; Zhang, Jian Nature Neuroscience, Vol. 21, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-018-0125-1	journal	March 2018
Selection of highly efficient sgRNAs for CRISPR/Cas9-based plant genome editing Liang, Gang; Zhang, Huimin; Lou, Dengji Scientific Reports, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep21451	journal	February 2016
Optimization of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to modify abiotic stress responses in plants Osakabe, Yuriko; Watanabe, Takahito; Sugano, Shigeo S. Scientific Reports, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep26685	journal	May 2016
Arabidopsis ovule is the target for Agrobacterium in planta vacuum infiltration transformation Ye, Guang-Ning; Stone, Deborah; Pang, Sheng-Zhi The Plant Journal, Vol. 19, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-313x.1999.00520.x	journal	August 1999
Engineering cottonseed for use in human nutrition by tissue-specific reduction of toxic gossypol Sunilkumar, G.; Campbell, L. M.; Puckhaber, L. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 103, Issue 48 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0605389103	journal	November 2006
Multigeneration analysis reveals the inheritance, specificity, and patterns of CRISPR/Cas-induced gene modifications in Arabidopsis Feng, Z.; Mao, Y.; Xu, N. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 111, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1400822111	journal	February 2014
The Golgi localized bifunctional UDP-rhamnose/UDP-galactose transporter family of Arabidopsis Rautengarten, C.; Ebert, B.; Moreno, I. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 111, Issue 31 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1406073111	journal	July 2014
Systemic acquired silencing: transgene-specific post-transcriptional silencing is transmitted by grafting from silenced stocks to non-silenced scions Palauqui, J. -C. The EMBO Journal, Vol. 16, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1093/emboj/16.15.4738	journal	August 1997
Genome-Wide Prediction of Highly Specific Guide RNA Spacers for CRISPR–Cas9-Mediated Genome Editing in Model Plants and Major Crops Xie, Kabin; Zhang, Jianwei; Yang, Yinong Molecular Plant, Vol. 7, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1093/mp/ssu009	journal	May 2014
CRISPR-P: A Web Tool for Synthetic Single-Guide RNA Design of CRISPR-System in Plants Lei, Yang; Lu, Li; Liu, Hai-Yang Molecular Plant, Vol. 7, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1093/mp/ssu044	journal	September 2014
Design, implementation and practice of JBEI-ICE: an open source biological part registry platform and tools Ham, T. S.; Dmytriv, Z.; Plahar, H. Nucleic Acids Research, Vol. 40, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gks531	journal	June 2012
CHOPCHOP: a CRISPR/Cas9 and TALEN web tool for genome editing Montague, Tessa G.; Cruz, José M.; Gagnon, James A. Nucleic Acids Research, Vol. 42, Issue W1 https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gku410	journal	May 2014
CHOPCHOP v2: a web tool for the next generation of CRISPR genome engineering Labun, Kornel; Montague, Tessa G.; Gagnon, James A. Nucleic Acids Research, Vol. 44, Issue W1 https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkw398	journal	May 2016
Refined sgRNA efficacy prediction improves large- and small-scale CRISPR–Cas9 applications Labuhn, Maurice; Adams, Felix F.; Ng, Michelle Nucleic Acids Research, Vol. 46, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkx1268	journal	December 2017
Analysis of the aphthovirus 2A/2B polyprotein ‘cleavage’ mechanism indicates not a proteolytic reaction, but a novel translational effect: a putative ribosomal ‘skip’ Ryan, Martin D.; Mehrotra, Amit; Gani, David Journal of General Virology, Vol. 82, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-82-5-1013	journal	May 2001
Viral RNA silencing suppressors inhibit the microRNA pathway at an intermediate step Chapman, E. J. Genes & Development, Vol. 18, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.1201204	journal	May 2004
A CRISPR/Cas9 Toolbox for Multiplexed Plant Genome Editing and Transcriptional Regulation Lowder, Levi G.; Zhang, Dengwei; Baltes, Nicholas J. Plant Physiology, Vol. 169, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.15.00636	journal	August 2015
Vessel-Specific Reintroduction of CINNAMOYL-COA REDUCTASE1 (CCR1) in Dwarfed ccr1 Mutants Restores Vessel and Xylary Fiber Integrity and Increases Biomass De Meester, Barbara; de Vries, Lisanne; Özparpucu, Merve Plant Physiology, Vol. 176, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.17.01462	journal	November 2017
RNA Silencing and the Mobile Silencing Signal Mlotshwa, Sizolwenkosi; Voinnet, Olivier; Mette, M. Florian The Plant Cell, Vol. 14, Issue suppl 1 https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.001677	journal	May 2002
Silencing of Hydroxycinnamoyl-Coenzyme A Shikimate/Quinate Hydroxycinnamoyltransferase Affects Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis Hoffmann, Laurent; Besseau, Sébastien; Geoffroy, Pierrette The Plant Cell, Vol. 16, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.020297	journal	May 2004
SND1, a NAC Domain Transcription Factor, Is a Key Regulator of Secondary Wall Synthesis in Fibers of Arabidopsis Zhong, Ruiqin; Demura, Taku; Ye, Zheng-Hua The Plant Cell, Vol. 18, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.106.047399	journal	November 2006
Abnormal Glycosphingolipid Mannosylation Triggers Salicylic Acid–Mediated Responses in Arabidopsis Mortimer, Jenny C.; Yu, Xiaolan; Albrecht, Sandra The Plant Cell, Vol. 25, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.113.111500	journal	May 2013
Collapsed Xylem Phenotype of Arabidopsis Identifies Mutants Deficient in Cellulose Deposition in the Secondary Cell Wall Turner, S. R.; Somerville, C. R. The Plant Cell, Vol. 9, Issue 5, p. 689-701 https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.9.5.689	journal	May 1997
Breeding with rare defective alleles (BRDA): a natural Populus nigra HCT mutant with modified lignin as a case study Vanholme, Bartel; Cesarino, Igor; Goeminne, Geert New Phytologist, Vol. 198, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.12179	journal	February 2013
Engineering secondary cell wall deposition in plants Yang, Fan; Mitra, Prajakta; Zhang, Ling Plant Biotechnology Journal, Vol. 11, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.12016	journal	November 2012
Tailoring lignin biosynthesis for efficient and sustainable biofuel production Liu, Chang-Jun; Cai, Yuanheng; Zhang, Xuebin Plant Biotechnology Journal, Vol. 12, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.12250	journal	September 2014
RNA-guided transcriptional regulation in planta via synthetic dCas9-based transcription factors Piatek, Agnieszka; Ali, Zahir; Baazim, Hatoon Plant Biotechnology Journal, Vol. 13, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.12284	journal	November 2014
Expression of a bacterial 3-dehydroshikimate dehydratase reduces lignin content and improves biomass saccharification efficiency Eudes, Aymerick; Sathitsuksanoh, Noppadon; Baidoo, Edward E. K. Plant Biotechnology Journal, Vol. 13, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.12310	journal	January 2015
Engineering canker-resistant plants through CRISPR/Cas9-targeted editing of the susceptibility gene CsLOB1 promoter in citrus Peng, Aihong; Chen, Shanchun; Lei, Tiangang Plant Biotechnology Journal, Vol. 15, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.12733	journal	May 2017
A Cas9-guide RNA complex preorganized for target DNA recognition Jiang, F.; Zhou, K.; Ma, L. Science, Vol. 348, Issue 6242 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aab1452	journal	June 2015
C2c2 is a single-component programmable RNA-guided RNA-targeting CRISPR effector Abudayyeh, Omar O.; Gootenberg, Jonathan S.; Konermann, Silvana Science, Vol. 353, Issue 6299 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf5573	journal	June 2016
Production of hydroxycinnamoyl anthranilates from glucose in Escherichia coli Eudes, Aymerick; Juminaga, Darmawi; Baidoo, Edward E. K. Microbial Cell Factories, Vol. 12, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2859-12-62	journal	January 2013
Egg cell-specific promoter-controlled CRISPR/Cas9 efficiently generates homozygous mutants for multiple target genes in Arabidopsis in a single generation Wang, Zhi-Ping; Xing, Hui-Li; Dong, Li Genome Biology, Vol. 16, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-015-0715-0	journal	July 2015
Improving total saccharification yield of Arabidopsis plants by vessel-specific complementation of caffeoyl shikimate esterase (cse) mutants Vargas, Lívia; Cesarino, Igor; Vanholme, Ruben Biotechnology for Biofuels, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-016-0551-9	journal	July 2016
Gene stacking of multiple traits for high yield of fermentable sugars in plant biomass Aznar, Aude; Chalvin, Camille; Shih, Patrick M. Biotechnology for Biofuels, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-017-1007-6	journal	January 2018
An Arabidopsis Tissue-Specific RNAi Method for Studying Genes Essential to Mitosis Burgos-Rivera, Brunilís; Dawe, R. Kelly PLoS ONE, Vol. 7, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051388	journal	December 2012
Efficient CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Gene Editing in Arabidopsis thaliana and Inheritance of Modified Genes in the T2 and T3 Generations Jiang, WenZhi; Yang, Bing; Weeks, Donald P. PLoS ONE, Vol. 9, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0099225	journal	June 2014
CRISPRpred: A flexible and efficient tool for sgRNAs on-target activity prediction in CRISPR/Cas9 systems Rahman, Md. Khaledur; Rahman, M. Sohel PLOS ONE, Vol. 12, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181943	journal	August 2017
Genome Editing in Cotton with the CRISPR/Cas9 System Gao, Wei; Long, Lu; Tian, Xinquan Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol. 8 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01364	journal	August 2017
CRISPR for Crop Improvement: An Update Review Jaganathan, Deepa; Ramasamy, Karthikeyan; Sellamuthu, Gothandapani Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol. 9 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.00985	journal	July 2018
Improving total saccharification yield of Arabidopsis plants by vessel-specific complementation of caffeoyl shikimate esterase (cse) mutants Vargas, LĂVia; Cesarino, Igor; Vanholme, Ruben Figshare https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3596756.v1	collection	January 2016
Gene stacking of multiple traits for high yield of fermentable sugars in plant biomass Aznar, Aude; Chalvin, Camille; Shih, Patrick Figshare, vp https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3971556.v1	dataset	January 2018

Cited By (1)

Agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation of sorghum leaves for accelerating functional genomics and genome editing studies Sharma, Rita; Liang, Yan; Lee, Mi Yeon BMC Research Notes, Vol. 13, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-020-04968-9	journal	February 2020

Linked Research (26)

Similar Records

Arabidopsis Dehiscence Zone Polygalacturonase 1 (ADPG1) releases latent defense signals in stems with reduced lignin content

Journal Article · 2020 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · OSTI ID:1625055

Gallego-Giraldo, Lina; Liu, Chang; Pose-Albacete, Sara; +10 more

Targeting hydroxycinnamoyl CoA: shikimate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase for lignin modification in Brachypodium distachyon

Journal Article · 2021 · Biotechnology for Biofuels · OSTI ID:1768106

Serrani-Yarce, Juan Carlos; Escamilla-Trevino, Luis; Barros, Jaime; +4 more

Improving CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing efficiency in Yarrowia lipolytica using direct tRNA-sgRNA fusions

Journal Article · 2020 · Metabolic Engineering · OSTI ID:1851146

Abdel-Mawgoud, A. M.; Stephanopoulos, G.

Related Subjects

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
CRISPR/Cas9
Guide RNA efficiency
sgRNA
Constrained editing
HCT
GONST2
Genome editing
Lignin
Arabidopsis

MOESM11 of A screening method to identify efficient sgRNAs in Arabidopsis, used in conjunction with cell-specific lignin reduction Liang, Yan; Eudes, Aymerick; Yogiswara, Sasha https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.8179919 The current record is supplemented by this text	text	January 2019
MOESM12 of A screening method to identify efficient sgRNAs in Arabidopsis, used in conjunction with cell-specific lignin reduction Liang, Yan; Eudes, Aymerick; Yogiswara, Sasha https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.8179931.v1 The current record is supplemented by this text	text	January 2019
MOESM1 of A screening method to identify efficient sgRNAs in Arabidopsis, used in conjunction with cell-specific lignin reduction Liang, Yan; Eudes, Aymerick; Yogiswara, Sasha https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.8179934 The current record is supplemented by this text	text	January 2019
MOESM2 of A screening method to identify efficient sgRNAs in Arabidopsis, used in conjunction with cell-specific lignin reduction Liang, Yan; Eudes, Aymerick; Yogiswara, Sasha https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.8179940.v1 The current record is supplemented by this text	text	January 2019
MOESM3 of A screening method to identify efficient sgRNAs in Arabidopsis, used in conjunction with cell-specific lignin reduction Liang, Yan; Eudes, Aymerick; Yogiswara, Sasha https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.8179946 The current record is supplemented by this text	text	January 2019
MOESM4 of A screening method to identify efficient sgRNAs in Arabidopsis, used in conjunction with cell-specific lignin reduction Liang, Yan; Eudes, Aymerick; Yogiswara, Sasha https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.8179955 The current record is supplemented by this text	text	January 2019
MOESM5 of A screening method to identify efficient sgRNAs in Arabidopsis, used in conjunction with cell-specific lignin reduction Liang, Yan; Eudes, Aymerick; Yogiswara, Sasha https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.8179961 The current record is supplemented by this text	text	January 2019
MOESM5 of A screening method to identify efficient sgRNAs in Arabidopsis, used in conjunction with cell-specific lignin reduction Liang, Yan; Eudes, Aymerick; Yogiswara, Sasha https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.8179961.v1 The current record is supplemented by this text	text	January 2019
MOESM6 of A screening method to identify efficient sgRNAs in Arabidopsis, used in conjunction with cell-specific lignin reduction Liang, Yan; Eudes, Aymerick; Yogiswara, Sasha https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.8179967 The current record is supplemented by this text	text	January 2019
MOESM6 of A screening method to identify efficient sgRNAs in Arabidopsis, used in conjunction with cell-specific lignin reduction Liang, Yan; Eudes, Aymerick; Yogiswara, Sasha https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.8179967.v1 The current record is supplemented by this text	text	January 2019
MOESM7 of A screening method to identify efficient sgRNAs in Arabidopsis, used in conjunction with cell-specific lignin reduction Liang, Yan; Eudes, Aymerick; Yogiswara, Sasha https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.8179973 The current record is supplemented by this text	text	January 2019
MOESM7 of A screening method to identify efficient sgRNAs in Arabidopsis, used in conjunction with cell-specific lignin reduction Liang, Yan; Eudes, Aymerick; Yogiswara, Sasha https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.8179973.v1 The current record is supplemented by this text	text	January 2019
MOESM8 of A screening method to identify efficient sgRNAs in Arabidopsis, used in conjunction with cell-specific lignin reduction Liang, Yan; Eudes, Aymerick; Yogiswara, Sasha https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.8179976 The current record is supplemented by this text	text	January 2019
MOESM8 of A screening method to identify efficient sgRNAs in Arabidopsis, used in conjunction with cell-specific lignin reduction Liang, Yan; Eudes, Aymerick; Yogiswara, Sasha https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.8179976.v1 The current record is supplemented by this text	text	January 2019
MOESM9 of A screening method to identify efficient sgRNAs in Arabidopsis, used in conjunction with cell-specific lignin reduction Liang, Yan; Eudes, Aymerick; Yogiswara, Sasha https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.8179982 The current record is supplemented by this text	text	January 2019
MOESM9 of A screening method to identify efficient sgRNAs in Arabidopsis, used in conjunction with cell-specific lignin reduction Liang, Yan; Eudes, Aymerick; Yogiswara, Sasha https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.8179982.v1 The current record is supplemented by this text	text	January 2019
A screening method to identify efficient sgRNAs in Arabidopsis, used in conjunction with cell-specific lignin reduction Liang, Yan; Eudes, Aymerick; Yogiswara, Sasha https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4515980 The current record is supplemented by this collection	collection	January 2019
MOESM10 of A screening method to identify efficient sgRNAs in Arabidopsis, used in conjunction with cell-specific lignin reduction Liang, Yan; Eudes, Aymerick; Yogiswara, Sasha https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.8179907 The current record is supplemented by this text	text	January 2019
MOESM11 of A screening method to identify efficient sgRNAs in Arabidopsis, used in conjunction with cell-specific lignin reduction Liang, Yan; Eudes, Aymerick; Yogiswara, Sasha https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.8179919.v1 The current record is supplemented by this text	text	January 2019
MOESM1 of A screening method to identify efficient sgRNAs in Arabidopsis, used in conjunction with cell-specific lignin reduction Liang, Yan; Eudes, Aymerick; Yogiswara, Sasha https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.8179934.v1 The current record is supplemented by this text	text	January 2019
MOESM2 of A screening method to identify efficient sgRNAs in Arabidopsis, used in conjunction with cell-specific lignin reduction Liang, Yan; Eudes, Aymerick; Yogiswara, Sasha https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.8179940 The current record is supplemented by this text	text	January 2019
MOESM4 of A screening method to identify efficient sgRNAs in Arabidopsis, used in conjunction with cell-specific lignin reduction Liang, Yan; Eudes, Aymerick; Yogiswara, Sasha https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.8179955.v1 The current record is supplemented by this text	text	January 2019
A screening method to identify efficient sgRNAs in Arabidopsis, used in conjunction with cell-specific lignin reduction Liang, Yan; Eudes, Aymerick; Yogiswara, Sasha https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4515980.v1 The current record is supplemented by this collection	collection	January 2019
MOESM3 of A screening method to identify efficient sgRNAs in Arabidopsis, used in conjunction with cell-specific lignin reduction Liang, Yan; Eudes, Aymerick; Yogiswara, Sasha https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.8179946.v1 The current record is supplemented by this text	text	January 2019
MOESM10 of A screening method to identify efficient sgRNAs in Arabidopsis, used in conjunction with cell-specific lignin reduction Liang, Yan; Eudes, Aymerick; Yogiswara, Sasha https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.8179907.v1 The current record is supplemented by this text	text	January 2019
MOESM12 of A screening method to identify efficient sgRNAs in Arabidopsis, used in conjunction with cell-specific lignin reduction Liang, Yan; Eudes, Aymerick; Yogiswara, Sasha https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.8179931 The current record is supplemented by this text	text	January 2019