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Title: X-ray diffraction at the National Ignition Facility

Abstract

We report details of an experimental platform implemented at the National Ignition Facility to obtain in situ powder diffraction data from solids dynamically compressed to extreme pressures. Thin samples are sandwiched between tamper layers and ramp compressed using a gradual increase in the drive-laser irradiance. Pressure history in the sample is determined using high-precision velocimetry measurements. Up to two independently timed pulses of x rays are produced at or near the time of peak pressure by laser illumination of thin metal foils. The quasi-monochromatic x-ray pulses have a mean wavelength selectable between 0.6 Å and 1.9 Å depending on the foil material. The diffracted signal is recorded on image plates with a typical 2θ x-ray scattering angle uncertainty of about 0.2° and resolution of about 1°. Analytic expressions are reported for systematic corrections to 2θ due to finite pinhole size and sample offset. A new variant of a nonlinear background subtraction algorithm is described, which has been used to observe diffraction lines at signal-to-background ratios as low as a few percent. Variations in system response over the detector area are compensated in order to obtain accurate line intensities; this system response calculation includes a new analytic approximation for image-plate sensitivitymore » as a function of photon energy and incident angle. This experimental platform has been used up to 2 TPa (20 Mbar) to determine the crystal structure, measure the density, and evaluate the strain-induced texturing of a variety of compressed samples spanning periods 2–7 on the periodic table.« less

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1];  [2];  [2];  [2]; ORCiD logo [2];  [2];  [2];  [2];  [2]; ORCiD logo [2];  [2]; ORCiD logo [2];  [2];  [1];  [2];  [2];  [2];  [2];  [2]; ORCiD logo [2] more »;  [2]; ORCiD logo [2];  [2];  [2];  [2];  [2];  [2]; ORCiD logo [3];  [3];  [2];  [2];  [2];  [2]; ORCiD logo [4];  [2]; ORCiD logo [2];  [2] « less
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Univ. of Rochester, NY (United States). Lab. for Laser Energetics
  2. Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
  3. Univ. of Rochester, NY (United States). Lab. for Laser Energetics
  4. Univ. of Oxford (United Kingdom)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Univ. of Rochester, NY (United States). Lab. for Laser Energetics; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
OSTI Identifier:
1618417
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1615537
Report Number(s):
2019-3, 1564, 2520
Journal ID: ISSN 0034-6748; 2019-3, 1564, 2520; TRN: US2106815
Grant/Contract Number:  
NA0003856; AC52-07NA27344
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Review of Scientific Instruments
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 91; Journal Issue: 4; Journal ID: ISSN 0034-6748
Publisher:
American Institute of Physics (AIP)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION

Citation Formats

Rygg, J. R., Smith, R. F., Lazicki, A. E., Braun, D. G., Fratanduono, D. E., Kraus, R. G., McNaney, J. M., Swift, D. C., Wehrenberg, C. E., Coppari, F., Ahmed, M. F., Barrios, M. A., Blobaum, K. J. M., Collins, G. W., Cook, A. L., Di Nicola, P., Dzenitis, E. G., Gonzales, S., Heidl, B. F., Hohenberger, M., House, A., Izumi, N., Kalantar, D. H., Khan, S. F., Kohut, T. R., Kumar, C., Masters, N. D., Polsin, D. N., Regan, S. P., Smith, C. A., Vignes, R. M., Wall, M. A., Ward, J., Wark, J. S., Zobrist, T. L., Arsenlis, A., and Eggert, J. H. X-ray diffraction at the National Ignition Facility. United States: N. p., 2020. Web. doi:10.1063/1.5129698.
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Rygg, J. R., Smith, R. F., Lazicki, A. E., Braun, D. G., Fratanduono, D. E., Kraus, R. G., McNaney, J. M., Swift, D. C., Wehrenberg, C. E., Coppari, F., Ahmed, M. F., Barrios, M. A., Blobaum, K. J. M., Collins, G. W., Cook, A. L., Di Nicola, P., Dzenitis, E. G., Gonzales, S., Heidl, B. F., Hohenberger, M., House, A., Izumi, N., Kalantar, D. H., Khan, S. F., Kohut, T. R., Kumar, C., Masters, N. D., Polsin, D. N., Regan, S. P., Smith, C. A., Vignes, R. M., Wall, M. A., Ward, J., Wark, J. S., Zobrist, T. L., Arsenlis, A., & Eggert, J. H. X-ray diffraction at the National Ignition Facility. United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5129698
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Rygg, J. R., Smith, R. F., Lazicki, A. E., Braun, D. G., Fratanduono, D. E., Kraus, R. G., McNaney, J. M., Swift, D. C., Wehrenberg, C. E., Coppari, F., Ahmed, M. F., Barrios, M. A., Blobaum, K. J. M., Collins, G. W., Cook, A. L., Di Nicola, P., Dzenitis, E. G., Gonzales, S., Heidl, B. F., Hohenberger, M., House, A., Izumi, N., Kalantar, D. H., Khan, S. F., Kohut, T. R., Kumar, C., Masters, N. D., Polsin, D. N., Regan, S. P., Smith, C. A., Vignes, R. M., Wall, M. A., Ward, J., Wark, J. S., Zobrist, T. L., Arsenlis, A., and Eggert, J. H. Tue . "X-ray diffraction at the National Ignition Facility". United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5129698. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1618417.
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@article{osti_1618417,
title = {X-ray diffraction at the National Ignition Facility},
author = {Rygg, J. R. and Smith, R. F. and Lazicki, A. E. and Braun, D. G. and Fratanduono, D. E. and Kraus, R. G. and McNaney, J. M. and Swift, D. C. and Wehrenberg, C. E. and Coppari, F. and Ahmed, M. F. and Barrios, M. A. and Blobaum, K. J. M. and Collins, G. W. and Cook, A. L. and Di Nicola, P. and Dzenitis, E. G. and Gonzales, S. and Heidl, B. F. and Hohenberger, M. and House, A. and Izumi, N. and Kalantar, D. H. and Khan, S. F. and Kohut, T. R. and Kumar, C. and Masters, N. D. and Polsin, D. N. and Regan, S. P. and Smith, C. A. and Vignes, R. M. and Wall, M. A. and Ward, J. and Wark, J. S. and Zobrist, T. L. and Arsenlis, A. and Eggert, J. H.},
abstractNote = {We report details of an experimental platform implemented at the National Ignition Facility to obtain in situ powder diffraction data from solids dynamically compressed to extreme pressures. Thin samples are sandwiched between tamper layers and ramp compressed using a gradual increase in the drive-laser irradiance. Pressure history in the sample is determined using high-precision velocimetry measurements. Up to two independently timed pulses of x rays are produced at or near the time of peak pressure by laser illumination of thin metal foils. The quasi-monochromatic x-ray pulses have a mean wavelength selectable between 0.6 Å and 1.9 Å depending on the foil material. The diffracted signal is recorded on image plates with a typical 2θ x-ray scattering angle uncertainty of about 0.2° and resolution of about 1°. Analytic expressions are reported for systematic corrections to 2θ due to finite pinhole size and sample offset. A new variant of a nonlinear background subtraction algorithm is described, which has been used to observe diffraction lines at signal-to-background ratios as low as a few percent. Variations in system response over the detector area are compensated in order to obtain accurate line intensities; this system response calculation includes a new analytic approximation for image-plate sensitivity as a function of photon energy and incident angle. This experimental platform has been used up to 2 TPa (20 Mbar) to determine the crystal structure, measure the density, and evaluate the strain-induced texturing of a variety of compressed samples spanning periods 2–7 on the periodic table.},
doi = {10.1063/1.5129698},
journal = {Review of Scientific Instruments},
number = 4,
volume = 91,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Apr 21 00:00:00 EDT 2020},
month = {Tue Apr 21 00:00:00 EDT 2020}
}
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