DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Direct real photons in relativistic heavy ion collisions

Journal Article · · Reports on Progress in Physics
ORCiD logo [1]
  1. Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States); Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Direct real photons are arguably the most versatile tools to study relativistic heavy ion collisions. They are produced, by various mechanisms, during the entire space-time history of the strongly interacting system. Also, being colorless, most the time they escape without further interaction, i.e. they are penetrating probes. This makes them rich in information, but hard to decypher and interpret. This review presents the experimental and theoretical developments related to direct real photons since the 1970s, with a special emphasis on the recently emerged 'direct photon puzzle', the simultaneous presence of large yields and strong azimuthal asymmetries of photons in heavy ion collisions, an observation that so far eluded full and coherent explanation.

Research Organization:
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP) (SC-26)
Grant/Contract Number:
SC0012704
OSTI ID:
1618414
Report Number(s):
BNL--215894-2020-JAAM
Journal Information:
Reports on Progress in Physics, Journal Name: Reports on Progress in Physics Journal Issue: 4 Vol. 83; ISSN 0034-4885
Publisher:
IOP PublishingCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (381)

Temperature measurement of quark-gluon plasma formed in high energy nucleus-nucleus collisions journal December 1981
Largep T double photon production in hadronic collisions-beyond leading logarithm QCD calculation journal September 1985
Electromagnetic probes of quark gluon plasma journal August 1996
Are photon-photon scattering experiments feasible? journal June 1967
Quark-gluon plasma and hadronic production of leptons, photons and psions journal September 1978
Prompt photon production at large pT in QCD beyond the leading order journal May 1984
A systematic study of direct photon production in heavy ion collisions journal November 2008
Full result for the QCD equation of state with 2+1 flavors journal March 2014
Measurement of photon–jet transverse momentum correlations in 5.02 TeV Pb + Pb and pp collisions with ATLAS journal February 2019
Parton fragmentation functions journal November 2016
Energy Distribution of γ Rays from π 0 Decay journal July 1955
Photon emission from hot hadronic matter described by an effective chiral Lagrangian journal June 1993
Unique large thermal source of real and virtual photons in the reactions Pb(158A GeV) + Pb, Au journal September 2000
Dileptons and photons from coarse-grained microscopic dynamics and hydrodynamics compared to experimental data journal July 2002
Hanbury Brown–Twiss interferometry of direct photons in heavy ion collisions journal January 2003
Quantum-mechanical description of in-medium fragmentation journal November 2008
Photon emission from a medium-modified shower evolution journal September 2013
Hadronic and partonic sources of direct photons in relativistic heavy-ion collisions journal November 2015
Photons from the early stages of relativistic heavy-ion collisions journal July 2017
Photon and dilepton emission from the quark-gluon plasma: Some general considerations journal February 1985
Dilepton emission and the QCD phase transition in ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions journal November 1986
Gluon content of the nucleon probed with real and virtual photons journal June 1989
Next-to-leading-logarithm calculation of direct photon production journal July 1990
High-energy photons from quark-gluon plasma versus hot hadronic gas journal November 1991
Bremsstrahlung and photon production in thermal QCD journal August 1998
Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal effect in thermal field theory journal October 2000
Beam Energy and Centrality Dependence of Direct-Photon Emission from Ultrarelativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions journal July 2019
Dominant Colliding-Beam Cross Sections at High Energies journal October 1970
Intensity interferometry in subatomic physics journal July 1990
Calorimetry for particle physics journal October 2003
Calorimetry in High-Energy Physics journal December 1982
Direct Photon Production in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions journal December 2005
Tomography of high-energy nuclear collisions with photon-hadron correlations text January 2009
gamma-hadron correlations as a tool to trace the flow of energy lost from hard partons in heavy-ion collisions text January 2009
Parton-Hadron-String Dynamics: an off-shell transport approach for relativistic energies text January 2009
Thermal photons from heavy ion collisions: A spectral function approach text January 2009
The Glasma, Photons and the Implications of Anisotropy text January 2014
Nuclear parton distributions from the nCTEQ group text January 2016
Nonequilibrium photon production in partonic transport simulations text January 2016
Photon-photon scattering and related phenomena. Experimental and theoretical approaches: The early period preprint January 2017
Direct Photons from Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions text January 2001
Azimuthal Asymmetry of Direct Photons in High Energy Nuclear Collisions text January 2005
Pion and thermal photon spectra as a possible signal for a phase transition text January 1994
Thermal Particle and Photon Production in Pb+Pb Collisions with Transverse Flow text January 1996
PHENIX measurements of low momentum direct photons from large ion collisions as a function of beam energy and system size text January 2021
Ausstrahlung bei St��en sehr schneller Elektronen journal September 1934
�ber die Streuung kurzwelliger ?-Strahlen journal March 1933
Folgerungen aus der Diracschen Theorie des Positrons journal November 1936
Correlation with large transverse momentum photons and the gluon structure function journal December 1980
Temperature measurement of quark-gluon plasma formed in high energy nucleus-nucleus collisions journal December 1981
A clear-cut test of low mass dilepton production mechanism in hadronic collisions journal March 1986
Soft photon production in 450 GeV/cp-Be collisions journal December 1993
Largep T double photon production in hadronic collisions-beyond leading logarithm QCD calculation journal September 1985
High-p T direct photon production inpp collisions journal December 1982
Upper limit for thermal direct photon production in heavy-ion collisions at 60 and 200A·GeV journal March 1991
Production of high transverse momentum prompt photons and neutral pions in proton-proton interactions at 280 GeV/c journal September 1988
Direct photon production from pions and protons at 200 GeV/c journal September 1986
Inclusive photon production in pA and AA collisions at 200 GeV/u journal September 1990
Production rate of hard thermal photons and screening of quark mass singularity journal September 1992
Perturbative approach to some one-dimensional many-body problems. I: Discussion of the Rayleigh-Schrödinger and Brillouin-Wigner series for the Sutherland model journal August 1976
Hydrodynamic theory of multiple production of particles journal January 1956
Sulla teoria dell’ urto tra atomi e corpuscoli elettrici journal April 1925
Inclusive prompt photon production in nuclear collisions at RHIC and LHC journal April 2011
Measurement of the ratio of cross sections for inclusive isolated-photon production in pp collisions at s $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 13 and 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector journal April 2019
Measurement of the triple-differential cross section for photon + jets production in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s} $ = 7 TeV journal June 2014
Impact-parameter dependent nuclear parton distribution functions: EPS09s and EKS98s and their applications in nuclear hard processes journal July 2012
Evidence for exclusive γγ → W + W − production and constraints on anomalous quartic gauge couplings in pp collisions at s = 7 $$ \sqrt{s}=7 $$ and 8 TeV journal August 2016
Is there still any T c mystery in lattice QCD? Results with physical masses in the continuum limit III journal September 2010
Search for direct photons from S-Au collisions at 200 GeV/nucleon journal August 1996
Quark and gluon fragmentation functions into photons journal April 1998
The scale dependent nuclear effects in parton distributions for practical applications journal June 1999
Photon production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions using rates with two-loop calculations from quark matter journal October 1999
A second look at single-photon production in S + Au collisions at 200 A GeV and implications for quark–hadron phase transition journal January 2000
Photon splitting and photon dispersion in a strong magnetic field journal October 1971
A preshower photon multiplicity detector for the WA93 experiment
  • Aggarwal, M. M.; Badyal, S. K.; Bhalla, K. B.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 372, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(96)83269-4
journal March 1996
Present status of Delbrück scattering journal July 1994
Electromagnetic probes of quark gluon plasma journal August 1996
Are photon-photon scattering experiments feasible? journal June 1967
Quark-gluon plasma and hadronic production of leptons, photons and psions journal September 1978
Search for single photon direct production in p + p collisions at journal July 1978
A search for direct photon production in 200 and 300 GeV/c proton-beryllium interactions journal December 1979
Direct production of high pT single photons in pp collisions at the CERN ISR journal November 1979
The associated charged particle multiplicity of high-pT π0 and single-photon events journal April 1980
Search for direct single-photon production at large pT in photon-proton collisions at √s = 62.4 GeV journal July 1980
The ratio of the nucleon structure functions F2N for iron and deuterium journal March 1983
High-pT direct photon production at 11° in pp collisions at journal April 1983
Prompt photon production at large pT in QCD beyond the leading order journal May 1984
A comparison of direct photon, π0 in p and pp interactions at the CERN ISR journal August 1985
Direct photon production at the CERN p̄p collider journal August 1986
J/ψ suppression by quark-gluon plasma formation journal October 1986
Direct photon production at the CERN proton-antiproton collider journal August 1988
Intrinsic transverse momentum in the π−p→γγX reaction at 280 GeV/c journal March 1990
A measurement of single and double prompt photon production at the CERN p collider journal August 1992
Photon interferometry of quark-gluon dynamics journal June 1993
Direct photon production in and pp interactions at √s = 24.3 GeV journal November 1993
Determination of αs and the gluon distribution using direct photon production in and pp collisions journal November 1993
Measurement of single spin asymmetry for direct photon production in pp collisions at 200 GeV/c journal February 1995
Dilepton and photon emission rates from a hadronic gas journal September 1996
Coherence effects in radiative scattering: A study of an exactly solvable hard-scattering model journal September 1993
Summary of low-mass dilepton and direct photon results journal July 1995
Relativistic transport approach for nucleus-nucleus collisions from SIS to SPS energies journal June 1996
Photoproduction of large transverse momentum mesons and production of large-pT photons and leptons in proton-proton collisions journal October 1975
Large transverse momentum photons from high-energy proton-proton collisions journal August 1976
Multiplicity distributions in nucleus-nucleus collisions at high energies journal September 1976
Observation of jet structure in high pT events at the ISR and the importance of parton transverse momentum journal August 1977
Direct photon production at the CERN ISR journal December 1989
Soft amplitudes in hot gauge theories: A general analysis journal June 1990
Vector dominance model at finite temperature journal June 1991
The STAR Barrel Electromagnetic Calorimeter
  • Beddo, M.; Bielick, E.; Fornek, T.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 499, Issue 2-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9002(02)01970-8
journal March 2003
A preshower photon multiplicity detector for the WA98 experiment
  • Aggarwal, M. M.; Agnihotri, A.; Ahammed, Z.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 424, Issue 2-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9002(98)01417-X
journal March 1999
Direct photons from relativistic heavy-ion collisions journal June 2002
Hadronic and electromagnetic probes of hot and dense nuclear matter11Supported by BMBF, DFG, GSI Darmstadt and FZ Jülich. journal January 1999
“Bottom-up” thermalization in heavy ion collisions journal March 2001
Hard thermal photon production in relativistic heavy ion collisions journal June 2001
Manifestations of high density QCD in the first RHIC data journal December 2001
Photon emission in heavy ion collisions at the CERN SPS journal May 2002
Direct photon cross sections in proton-proton and antiproton-proton interactions at GeV journal September 1998
Systematics of inclusive photon production in 158·A GeV Pb induced reactions on Ni, Nb, and Pb targets journal July 1999
Multiple parton scattering in nuclei: parton energy loss journal December 2001
Dilepton production from AGS to SPS energies within a relativistic transport approach journal June 1997
Scaling of particle production with number of participants in high-energy A+A collisions in the parton-cascade model journal December 1999
The Q2 dependence of the structure function ratio ? and the difference RSn − RC in deep inelastic muon scattering The New Muon Collaboration (NMC) journal December 1996
Scale evolution of nuclear parton distributions journal December 1998
Scaling of transverse energies and multiplicities with atomic number and energy in ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions journal March 2000
Color glass condensate at the LHC: hadron multiplicities in pp, pA and AA collisions journal January 2005
Centrality and transverse momentum dependence of collective flow in 158 A GeV Pb+Pb collisions measured via inclusive photons journal November 2005
Quantum Optics and Heavy Ion Physics journal August 2006
Dynamical quasiparticles properties and effective interactions in the sQGP journal November 2007
Low-energy thermal photons from meson–meson bremsstrahlung journal November 2007
Parton–hadron–string dynamics: An off-shell transport approach for relativistic energies journal December 2009
Photons as a viscometer of heavy ion collisions journal August 2010
Photon and η production in p+Pb and p+C collisions at journal January 2013
Production of photons and dileptons in the Glasma journal February 2013
The Glasma, photons and the implications of anisotropy journal September 2014
Thermal photon anisotropic flow serves as a quark–gluon plasma viscometer journal December 2014
Thermal photon v 3 at LHC from fluctuating initial conditions journal November 2014
Pseudo-critical enhancement of thermal photons in relativistic heavy-ion collisions? journal January 2015
Thermal photon emission from the πρω system journal January 2016
Ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions: the first billion seconds journal December 2016
Probing the space-time evolution of heavy ion collisions with photons and dileptons journal November 2017
Quantitative constraints on the gluon distribution function in the proton from collider isolated-photon data journal July 2012
Dynamics of isolated-photon plus jet production in pp collisions at s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector journal October 2013
Measurement of the isolated photon cross section in pp¯ collisions at s=1.96 TeV journal August 2006
Erratum to: “Measurement of the isolated photon cross section in p p ¯ collisions at s = 1.96  TeV ” [Phys. Lett. B 639 (2006) 151] journal January 2008
Erratum to: “Hard thermal photon production in relativistic heavy ion collisions” [Phys. Lett. B 510 (2001) 98] journal March 2008
A systematic study of direct photon production in heavy ion collisions journal November 2008
Photoproduction of J/ψ and of high mass e+e− in ultra-peripheral Au+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV journal August 2009
Jet quenching in the strongly-interacting quark–gluon plasma journal March 2010
Measurement of the inclusive isolated prompt photon cross-section in pp collisions at s=7 TeV using 35 pb−1 of ATLAS data journal December 2011
Measurement of isolated photon production in pp and PbPb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV journal April 2012
Coherent J/ψ photoproduction in ultra-peripheral Pb–Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV journal January 2013
Color fluctuation effects in proton–nucleus collisions journal May 2013
Full result for the QCD equation of state with 2+1 flavors journal March 2014
Measurement of exclusive γ γ → ℓ + ℓ − production in proton–proton collisions at s = 7  TeV with the ATLAS detector journal October 2015
Direct photon production in Pb–Pb collisions at s NN = 2.76   TeV journal March 2016
Jet-like correlations with direct-photon and neutral-pion triggers at s N N = 200  GeV journal September 2016
Direct virtual photon production in Au+Au collisions at s N N = 200   GeV journal July 2017
Measurement of the cross section for inclusive isolated-photon production in pp collisions at s = 13   TeV using the ATLAS detector journal July 2017
Measurement of the cross section for isolated-photon plus jet production in pp collisions at s = 13 TeV using the ATLAS detector journal May 2018
Constraints on jet quenching in p–Pb collisions at s NN = 5.02  TeV measured by the event-activity dependence of semi-inclusive hadron-jet distributions journal August 2018
Direct photon elliptic flow in Pb–Pb collisions at s NN = 2.76 TeV journal February 2019
Measurement of photon–jet transverse momentum correlations in 5.02 TeV Pb + Pb and pp collisions with ATLAS journal February 2019
Analysis of the apparent nuclear modification in peripheral Pb–Pb collisions at 5.02 TeV journal June 2019
Measurement of prompt photon production in s NN = 8.16 TeV p + Pb collisions with ATLAS journal September 2019
Electromagnetic probes at RHIC-II journal June 2008
Effective QCD and transport description of dilepton and photon production in heavy-ion collisions and elementary processes journal March 2016
Parton fragmentation functions journal November 2016
Polyakov loop modeling for hot QCD journal September 2017
New developments in calorimetric particle detection journal November 2018
Self-Consistent Approximations in Relativistic Plasmas: Quasiparticle Analysis of the Thermodynamic Properties journal November 1998
Correlation between Photons in two Coherent Beams of Light journal January 1956
A compilation of data on single and double prompt photon production in hadron - hadron interactions journal July 1997
Photon production from hot hadronic matter journal September 2004
Elliptic flow fluctuations in collisions at RHIC journal July 2007
Photon Emission from Ultrarelativistic Plasmas journal November 2001
Photon emission from quark-gluon plasma: complete leading order results journal December 2001
Photon and gluon emission in relativistic plasmas journal June 2002
New Generation of Parton Distributions with Uncertainties from Global QCD Analysis journal July 2002
Hard pion and prompt photon at RHIC, from single to double inclusive production journal September 2006
Impact of residual contamination on inclusive and direct photon flow journal January 2017
Event characterization in (very) asymmetric collisions journal March 2015
Bremsstrahlung of Very Low-Energy Quanta in Elementary Particle Collisions journal May 1958
Conservation Laws and Correlation Functions journal October 1961
Self-Consistent Approximations in Many-Body Systems journal August 1962
Nature of the High Energy Particles of Penetrating Radiation and Status of Ionization and Radiation Formulae journal May 1934
Angular Distribution of the Pions Produced in High Energy Nuclear Collisions journal March 1951
Internal Pair Production Associated with the Emission of High-Energy Gamma Rays journal June 1955
Energy Distribution of γ Rays from π 0 Decay journal July 1955
Photon emission from hot hadronic matter described by an effective chiral Lagrangian journal June 1993
Pion and thermal photon spectra as a possible signal for a phase transition journal April 1995
Low transverse momentum photon production in proton-nucleus collisions at 18 GeV/ c journal October 1996
Thermal particle and photon production in Pb+Pb collisions with transverse flow journal March 1997
Multiplicity and pseudorapidity distribution of photons in S+Au reaction at 2 0 0 A GeV journal August 1998
Methods for analyzing anisotropic flow in relativistic nuclear collisions journal September 1998
Dynamics of hot bulk QCD matter: From the quark-gluon plasma to hadronic freeze-out journal May 2000
Unique large thermal source of real and virtual photons in the reactions Pb(158A GeV) + Pb, Au journal September 2000
Photons from Pb-Pb collisions at ultrarelativistic energies journal January 2001
New method for measuring azimuthal distributions in nucleus-nucleus collisions journal April 2001
Radiation of single photons from Pb+Pb collisions at relativistic energies and the quark-hadron phase transition journal August 2001
Flow analysis from multiparticle azimuthal correlations journal September 2001
Dileptons and photons from coarse-grained microscopic dynamics and hydrodynamics compared to experimental data journal July 2002
Elliptic flow from two- and four-particle correlations in Au+Au collisions at s NN = 130 GeV journal September 2002
Hanbury Brown–Twiss interferometry of direct photons in heavy ion collisions journal January 2003
Hadronic production of thermal photons journal January 2004
Production of e + e − pairs accompanied by nuclear dissociation in ultraperipheral heavy-ion collisions journal September 2004
Photon and neutral pion production in Au + Au collisions at s N N = 130 GeV journal October 2004
Thermalization of gluons in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions by including three-body interactions in a parton cascade journal June 2005
Energy loss of leading hadrons and direct photon production in evolving quark-gluon plasma journal July 2005
Towards jet tomography: γ-hadron correlations journal September 2006
High transverse momentum η meson production in p + p , d +Au, and Au+Au collisions at s NN = 200 GeV journal February 2007
Electromagnetic radiation from nuclear collisions at ultrarelativistic energies journal February 2008
Causal viscous hydrodynamics in 2 + 1 dimensions for relativistic heavy-ion collisions journal June 2008
Direct photon production from hadronic sources in high-energy heavy-ion collisions journal September 2008
Parton transport and hadronization from the dynamical quasiparticle point of view journal September 2008
Quantum-mechanical description of in-medium fragmentation journal November 2008
Centrality-dependent direct photon p t spectra in Au + Au collisions at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) energy s NN = 200   GeV journal January 2009
Elliptic flow of thermal photons and formation time of quark gluon plasma at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) journal February 2009
γ -hadron correlations as a tool to trace the flow of energy lost from hard partons in heavy-ion collisions journal July 2009
High- p T   π 0 production with respect to the reaction plane in Au + Au collisions at s NN = 200 GeV journal November 2009
Jet energy loss, photon production, and photon-hadron correlations at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) journal November 2009
Detailed measurement of the e + e − pair continuum in p + p and Au + Au collisions at s NN = 200 GeV and implications for direct photon production journal March 2010
Observation of π + π − π + π − photoproduction in ultraperipheral heavy-ion collisions at s NN = 200 GeV at the STAR detector journal April 2010
Inclusive π 0 , η , and direct photon production at high transverse momentum in p + p and d + Au collisions at s NN = 200 GeV journal June 2010
Bulk matter evolution and extraction of jet transport parameters in heavy-ion collisions at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) journal June 2010
(3+1)D hydrodynamic simulation of relativistic heavy-ion collisions journal July 2010
Thermal photons from heavy ion collisions: A spectral function approach journal November 2010
Photon decay in a strong magnetic field in heavy-ion collisions journal January 2011
Enhancement of thermal photon production in event-by-event hydrodynamics journal May 2011
Thermal photons and collective flow at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider journal November 2011
Collision centrality and τ 0 dependence of the emission of thermal photons from a fluctuating initial state in an ideal hydrodynamic calculation journal June 2012
Neutral pion production with respect to centrality and reaction plane in Au+Au collisions at s NN = 200 GeV journal March 2013
Eliminating experimental bias in anisotropic-flow measurements of high-energy nuclear collisions journal April 2013
Direct photon production in d +Au collisions at s N N = 200 GeV journal May 2013
Elliptic flow of thermal photons from an event-by-event hydrodynamic model journal September 2013
Photon emission from a medium-modified shower evolution journal September 2013
Photon elliptic flow in relativistic heavy-ion collisions: Hadronic versus partonic sources journal September 2013
Azimuthal anisotropy of π 0 and η mesons in Au + Au collisions at s NN = 200 GeV journal December 2013
Centrality dependence of the direct photon yield and elliptic flow in heavy-ion collisions at s N N = 200 GeV journal March 2014
Transverse-energy distributions at midrapidity in p + p , d + Au , and Au + Au collisions at s NN = 62.4 –200 GeV and implications for particle-production models journal April 2014
Thermal photons as a quark-gluon plasma thermometer reexamined journal April 2014
Thermal photon v 2 with slow quark chemical equilibration journal August 2014
Electromagnetic radiation in hot QCD matter: Rates, electric conductivity, flavor susceptibility, and diffusion journal August 2014
Anisotropic flow of thermal photons as a quark-gluon plasma viscometer journal February 2015
Universal parametrization of thermal photon rates in hadronic matter journal February 2015
Charged-to-neutral correlation at forward rapidity in Au + Au collisions at s NN = 200 GeV journal March 2015
Centrality dependence of low-momentum direct-photon production in Au + Au collisions at s N N = 200   GeV journal June 2015
Centrality dependence of particle production in p − Pb collisions at s NN = 5.02 TeV journal June 2015
Dilepton production and reaction dynamics in heavy-ion collisions at SIS energies from coarse-grained transport simulations journal July 2015
Hadronic and partonic sources of direct photons in relativistic heavy-ion collisions journal November 2015
Event-by-event fluctuations in a perturbative QCD + saturation + hydrodynamics model: Determining QCD matter shear viscosity in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions journal February 2016
Scaling properties of fractional momentum loss of high- p T hadrons in nucleus-nucleus collisions at s N N from 62.4 GeV to 2.76 TeV journal February 2016
Centrality, rapidity, and transverse momentum dependence of isolated prompt photon production in lead-lead collisions at s N N = 2.76 TeV measured with the ATLAS detector journal March 2016
Production of photons in relativistic heavy-ion collisions journal April 2016
Azimuthally anisotropic emission of low-momentum direct photons in Au + Au collisions at s N N = 200 GeV journal December 2016
Nonequilibrium photon production in partonic transport simulations journal May 2017
Parametric estimate of the relative photon yields from the glasma and the quark-gluon plasma in heavy-ion collisions journal May 2017
Photons from the early stages of relativistic heavy-ion collisions journal July 2017
Jets in d ( p ) − A collisions: Color transparency or energy conservation journal May 2018
Low-momentum direct-photon measurement in Cu + Cu collisions at s N N = 200 GeV journal November 2018
Direct photon production at low transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at s = 2.76 and 8 TeV journal February 2019
Asymptotic freedom and the "absence" of vector-gluon exchange in wide-angle hadronic collisions journal March 1975
Production of hadrons at large transverse momentum at 200, 300, and 400 GeV journal June 1975
Production of real photons at large transverse momentum in pp collisions journal October 1978
High- p T production of direct photons and jets in quantum chromodynamics journal October 1980
Structure of direct-photon events journal October 1980
Experimental signatures of phase transition to quark matter in high-energy collisions of nuclei journal April 1982
Highly relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions: The central rapidity region journal January 1983
Simple rules for discontinuities in finite-temperature field theory journal October 1983
Photon and dilepton emission from the quark-gluon plasma: Some general considerations journal February 1985
Dilepton emission and the QCD phase transition in ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions journal November 1986
Measurement of direct photon production at large transverse momentum in π − p, π + p, and pp collisions at 300 GeV/ c journal July 1987
Gluon content of the nucleon probed with real and virtual photons journal June 1989
Two-Photon Mechanism of Particle Production by High-Energy Colliding Beams journal September 1971
Next-to-leading-logarithm calculation of direct photon production journal July 1990
High-energy photons from quark-gluon plasma versus hot hadronic gas journal November 1991
Photon production through A 1 resonance in high-energy heavy-ion collisions journal November 1992
Erratum: High-energy photons from quark-gluon plasma versus hot hadronic gas journal May 1993
Parton fragmentation into photons beyond the leading order journal July 1993
Prompt photon cross section measurement in p ¯ p collisions at s = 1.8 TeV journal October 1993
Polarized and unpolarized prompt photon production beyond the leading order journal October 1993
Computing quark and gluon distribution functions for very large nuclei journal March 1994
Erratum: Parton fragmentation into photons beyond the leading order journal February 1995
Formalism for dilepton production via virtual photon bremsstrahlung in hadronic reactions journal June 1995
Bremsstrahlung and photon production in thermal QCD journal August 1998
Soft-gluon resummation and NNLO corrections for direct photon production journal March 2000
Kinoshita-Lee-Nauenberg theorem, magnetic mass, and thermal photon production journal May 2000
Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal effect in thermal field theory journal October 2000
Comparison of the isolated direct photon cross sections in p p ¯ collisions at s = 1.8   TeV and s = 0.63   TeV journal June 2002
Calculating quenching weights journal July 2003
Direct photon cross section with conversions at CDF journal October 2004
Measurement of direct-photon production at the Fermilab Tevatron fixed target energies journal November 2004
Midrapidity direct-photon production in p + p collisions at s = 200     GeV journal April 2005
Recent critical study of photon production in hadronic collisions journal May 2006
Suppression of the shear viscosity in a “semi”-quark-gluon plasma journal October 2008
Measurement of the inclusive isolated prompt photon cross section in p p ¯ collisions at s = 1.96     TeV using the CDF detector journal December 2009
Sensitivity of isolated photon production at TeV hadron colliders to the gluon distribution in the proton journal July 2010
High p T direct photon and π 0 triggered azimuthal jet correlations and measurement of k T for isolated direct photons in p + p collisions at s = 200     GeV journal October 2010
Measurement of the inclusive isolated prompt photon cross section in p p collisions at s = 7     TeV with the ATLAS detector journal March 2011
Measurement of the isolated diphoton cross section in p p collisions at s = 7     TeV with the ATLAS detector journal January 2012
Direct photon production in p + p collisions at s = 200     GeV at midrapidity journal October 2012
Jet energy loss and fragmentation in heavy ion collisions journal April 2013
Elliptic flow from thermal photons with magnetic field in holography journal January 2014
Measurement of the inclusive isolated prompt photons cross section in p p collisions at s = 7     TeV with the ATLAS detector using 4.6     fb − 1 journal March 2014
nCTEQ15: Global analysis of nuclear parton distributions with uncertainties in the CTEQ framework journal April 2016
Measurement of exclusive γ γ → W + W − production and search for exclusive Higgs boson production in p p collisions at s = 8     TeV using the ATLAS detector journal August 2016
Nonperturbative-transverse-momentum effects and evolution in dihadron and direct photon-hadron angular correlations in p + p collisions at s = 510     GeV journal April 2017
Interplay of Reggeon and photon in p A collisions journal June 2017
Prompt photon yield and elliptic flow from gluon fusion induced by magnetic fields in relativistic heavy-ion collisions journal July 2017
Erratum: Prompt photon yield and elliptic flow from gluon fusion induced by magnetic fields in relativistic heavy-ion collisions [Phys. Rev. D 96 , 014023 (2017)] journal December 2017
Equation of state in 2 + 1 flavor QCD at high temperatures journal January 2018
Suppression of High- p T Neutral Pion Production in Central Pb + Pb Collisions at s N N = 17.3     GeV Relative to p + C and p + Pb Collisions journal June 2008
Tomography of High-Energy Nuclear Collisions with Photon-Hadron Correlations journal July 2009
Enhanced Production of Direct Photons in Au + Au Collisions at s N N = 200     GeV and Implications for the Initial Temperature journal March 2010
Measurement of the Isolated Prompt Photon Production Cross Section in p p Collisions at s = 7     TeV journal February 2011
Fluctuating Glasma Initial Conditions and Flow in Heavy Ion Collisions journal June 2012
Observation of Direct-Photon Collective Flow in Au + Au Collisions at s N N = 200     GeV journal September 2012
Measurement of Direct Photons in Au + Au Collisions at s N N = 200     GeV journal October 2012
Conformal Anomaly as a Source of Soft Photons in Heavy Ion Collisions journal November 2012
Anisotropy of Photon Production: Initial Eccentricity or Magnetic Field journal May 2013
Medium Modification of Jet Fragmentation in Au + Au Collisions at s N N = 200     GeV Measured in Direct Photon-Hadron Correlations journal July 2013
Observing Light-by-Light Scattering at the Large Hadron Collider journal August 2013
Production and Elliptic Flow of Dileptons and Photons in a Matrix Model of the Quark-Gluon Plasma journal February 2015
Importance of the Bulk Viscosity of QCD in Ultrarelativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions journal September 2015
Erratum: Observing Light-by-Light Scattering at the Large Hadron Collider [Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 , 080405 (2013)] journal March 2016
Observation of Medium-Induced Modifications of Jet Fragmentation in Pb-Pb Collisions at s NN = 5.02     TeV Using Isolated Photon-Tagged Jets journal December 2018
Beam Energy and Centrality Dependence of Direct-Photon Emission from Ultrarelativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions journal July 2019
Dominant Colliding-Beam Cross Sections at High Energies journal October 1970
Copious Direct Photon Production: A Possible Resolution of the Prompt-Lepton Puzzle journal April 1976
Inclusive Production of Direct Photons in 200-GeV/ c Collisions journal September 1983
Measurement of the cross section for production of two isolated prompt photons in pp¯ collisions at √ s =1.8 TeV journal April 1993
Dilepton and photon production in the ‘‘hot-glue’’ scenario journal April 1993
Precision Measurement of the Prompt Photon Cross Section in p p ¯ Collisions at s = 1.8 TeV journal November 1994
Precision Measurement of the Prompt Photon Cross Section in pp¯ Collisions at s=1.8 TeV journal March 1995
Limits on the Production of Direct Photons in 200 A GeV S 32 + A u Collisions journal May 1996
Isolated Photon Cross Section in the Central and Forward Rapidity Regions in p p ¯ Collisions at √ s = 1.8 TeV journal December 1996
Evidence for Parton k T Effects in High- p T Particle Production journal September 1998
Isolated Photon Cross Section in p p ¯ Collisions at √ s = 1.8 TeV journal March 2000
Observation of Direct Photons in Central 158 A GeV P 208 b + P 208 b Collisions journal October 2000
Elliptic Flow in A u + A u Collisions at √ s NN = 130 GeV journal January 2001
Ratio of Isolated Photon Cross Sections in pp¯ Collisions at √s=630 and 1800 GeV journal November 2001
Suppression of Hadrons with Large Transverse Momentum in Central A u + A u Collisions at s NN = 130 GeV journal December 2001
Disappearance of Back-To-Back High- p T Hadron Correlations in Central A u + A u Collisions at s N N = 200     G e V journal February 2003
High-Energy Photons from Passage of Jets through Quark-Gluon Plasma journal March 2003
Interferometry of Direct Photons in Central P b 208 + P b 208 Collisions at 158 A     G e V journal July 2004
Photon Interferometry of A u + A u Collisions at the BNL Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider journal October 2004
Centrality Dependence of Direct Photon Production in S N N = 200     GeV Au + Au Collisions journal June 2005
Measurement of Identified π 0 and Inclusive Photon Second-Harmonic Parameter v 2 and Implications for Direct Photon Production in s N N = 200     GeV Au + Au journal January 2006
Azimuthal Asymmetry of Direct Photons in High Energy Nuclear Collisions journal January 2006
First Measurement of the ρ Spectral Function in High-Energy Nuclear Collisions journal April 2006
Elliptic Flow of Thermal Photons in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions journal May 2006
Measurement of Direct Photon Production in p + p Collisions at s = 200     GeV journal January 2007
System Size, Energy, Pseudorapidity, and Centrality Dependence of Elliptic Flow journal June 2007
Direct-photon production in high-energy collisions journal April 1984
Large-momentum-transfer production of direct photons, jets, and particles journal April 1987
Intensity interferometry in subatomic physics journal July 1990
Handbook of perturbative QCD journal January 1995
Theory of hard photoproduction journal November 2002
Calorimetry for particle physics journal October 2003
The spin structure of the nucleon journal April 2013
Strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma in heavy ion collisions journal July 2017
The new charged-particle veto detector for the photon spectrometer TAPS journal June 2000
Synchrotron contribution to photon emission from a quark–gluon plasma journal August 2016
Melting hadrons, boiling quarks journal September 2015
Centrality dependence of photon yield and elliptic flow from gluon fusion and splitting induced by magnetic fields in relativistic heavy-ion collisions journal February 2020
New information on photon fragmentation functions journal August 2014
Inclusive photon production at forward rapidities in proton–proton collisions at $$\mathbf {\sqrt{s}}$$ s = 0.9, 2.76 and 7 TeV journal April 2015
EPPS16: nuclear parton distributions with LHC data journal March 2017
Probing the QCD equation of state with thermal photons in nucleus–nucleus collisions at RHIC journal March 2006
Introduction to High-Energy Heavy-Ion Collisions book September 1994
Multiparton pp and pA Collisions: From Geometry to Parton–Parton Correlations book November 2018
Factorization Of Hard Processes In QCD book July 1989
High Energy Interactions of Nuclei journal December 1978
Calorimetry in High-Energy Physics journal December 1982
Direct Photon Production in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions journal December 2005
Glauber Modeling in High-Energy Nuclear Collisions journal November 2007
Production of High Transverse Momentum Prompt Photons and Neutral Pions in Proton Proton Interactions at 280-GeV/c collection January 1987
Limits on the production of direct photons in 200-A/GeV S-32 + Au collisions collection January 1996
Search for Direct Single Photon Production at Large p(T) in Proton Proton Collisions at s**(1/2) = 62.4-GeV collection January 1970
Measurement of single spin asymmetry for direct photon production in p p collisions at 200-GeV/c collection January 1995
Nuclear parton distributions from the nCTEQ group conference November 2016
Гидродинамическая теория множественного образования частиц journal January 1955

Similar Records

RFQ work at INS
Conference · Fri Apr 25 04:00:00 UTC 1986 · AIP Conf. Proc.; (United States) · OSTI ID:6183971

Systematic study of charge transfer in collisions of highly-charged low-velocity rare-gas ions with rare-gases
Thesis/Dissertation · Fri Jan 01 04:00:00 UTC 1982 · OSTI ID:5978677

Photon and dilepton observables: An experimental overview
Journal Article · Mon Sep 25 00:00:00 UTC 2017 · Nuclear Physics. A · OSTI ID:1502383