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Title: The mystery of photometric twins DES17X1boj and DES16E2bjy

Abstract

In this paper, we present an analysis of DES17X1boj and DES16E2bjy, two peculiar transients discovered by the Dark Energy Survey (DES). They exhibit nearly identical double-peaked light curves that reach very different maximum luminosities ($$M_r$$ = -15.4 and -17.9, respectively). The light-curve evolution of these events is highly atypical and has not been reported before. The transients are found in different host environments: DES17X1boj was found near the nucleus of a spiral galaxy, while DES16E2bjy is located in the outskirts of a passive red galaxy. Early photometric data are well fitted with a blackbody and the resulting moderate photospheric expansion velocities (1800 km s–1 for DES17X1boj and 4800 km s–1 for DES16E2bjy) suggest an explosive or eruptive origin. Additionally, a feature identified as high-velocity Ca II absorption ($v ≈$ 9400 km s–1) in the near-peak spectrum of DES17X1boj may imply that it is a supernova. While similar light-curve evolution suggests a similar physical origin for these two transients, we are not able to identify or characterize the progenitors.

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1];  [1]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [1];  [1]; ORCiD logo [1];  [1]; ORCiD logo [3];  [4];  [5];  [6];  [7];  [6];  [8];  [9];  [1];  [8] more »;  [10];  [11];  [12];  [13];  [2];  [6];  [14];  [1];  [15];  [13];  [2];  [16];  [13];  [2];  [17];  [18];  [18];  [19];  [20];  [21];  [18];  [22];  [23];  [24];  [25];  [26];  [27];  [18];  [21];  [28];  [9];  [18];  [29];  [19];  [30];  [31];  [32];  [24];  [25]; ORCiD logo [18];  [9];  [33];  [34];  [4];  [35];  [36];  [25];  [37];  [24];  [38];  [25];  [29];  [24];  [39];  [22];  [26];  [18];  [40];  [30];  [26];  [41];  [42];  [40];  [18] « less
  1. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
  2. Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK
  3. Departamento de Física Teórica y del Cosmos, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
  4. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
  5. African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, 6 Melrose Road, Muizenberg 7945, South Africa, South African Astronomical Observatory, PO Box 9, Observatory 7935, South Africa
  6. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
  7. INAF, Astrophysical Observatory of Turin, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy
  8. School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
  9. Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
  10. School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Queens Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
  11. Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
  12. Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics, A28, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
  13. The Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, ACT 2601, Australia
  14. Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
  15. Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
  16. Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
  17. Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile
  18. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, PO Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
  19. Instituto de Fisica Teorica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
  20. CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, F-75014 Paris, France, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, F-75014 Paris, France
  21. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
  22. Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, PO Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
  23. Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain, Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia – LIneA, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ-20921-400, Brazil
  24. Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1002 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA, National Center for Supercomputing Applications, 1205 West Clark St, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
  25. Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia – LIneA, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ-20921-400, Brazil, Observatório Nacional, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ-20921-400, Brazil
  26. Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
  27. Department of Physics, IIT Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana 502285, India
  28. Department of Astronomy/Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
  29. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, PO Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USA, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
  30. Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), E-08034 Barcelona, Spain, Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
  31. Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA, Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
  32. Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, PO Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA, Department of Physics, Stanford University, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
  33. Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
  34. Center for Astrophysics | Harvard and Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
  35. Department of Astronomy/Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USA
  36. Australian Astronomical Optics, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia, Lowell Observatory, 1400 Mars Hill Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA
  37. George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
  38. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain, Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
  39. Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
  40. Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
  41. Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
  42. National Center for Supercomputing Applications, 1205 West Clark St, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States); Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP); European Research Council (ERC); Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC); European Union's Horizon 2020; Australian Research Council (ARC); National Science Foundation (NSF); Ministry of Science and Education of Spain; Higher Education Funding Council for England; German Research Foundation (DFG)
Contributing Org.:
DES Collaboration
OSTI Identifier:
1617917
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1597072; OSTI ID: 1638049; OSTI ID: 1665982; OSTI ID: 1688694; OSTI ID: 1785317
Report Number(s):
arXiv:1911.12083; FERMILAB-PUB-19-561-AE
Journal ID: ISSN 0035-8711
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-07CH11359; AST-1138766; AST-1536171; AC02-05CH11231; AC05-00OR22725; SC0019193; AC02-76SF00515; ST/R000506/1; 839090; AYA2015-71825; ESP2015-66861; FPA2015-68048; SEV-2016-0588; SEV-2016-0597; MDM-2015-0509; 240672; 291329; 306478; 465376/2014-2
Resource Type:
Published Article
Journal Name:
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Journal Volume: 494 Journal Issue: 4; Journal ID: ISSN 0035-8711
Publisher:
Royal Astronomical Society
Country of Publication:
United Kingdom
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; supernovae: general; transients: supernovae

Citation Formats

Pursiainen, M., Gutiérrez, C. P., Wiseman, P., Childress, M., Smith, M., Frohmaier, C., Angus, C., Castro Segura, N., Kelsey, L., Sullivan, M., Galbany, L., Nugent, P., Bassett, B. A., Brout, D., Carollo, D., D’Andrea, C. B., Davis, T. M., Foley, R. J., Grayling, M., Hinton, S. R., Inserra, C., Kessler, R., Lewis, G. F., Lidman, C., Macaulay, E., March, M., Möller, A., Müller, T., Scolnic, D., Sommer, N. E., Swann, E., Thomas, B. P., Tucker, B. E., Vincenzi, M., Abbott, T. M. C., Allam, S., Annis, J., Avila, S., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Burke, D. L., Carnero Rosell, A., Carrasco Kind, M., da Costa, L. N., De Vicente, J., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Doel, P., Eifler, T. F., Everett, S., Flaugher, B., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Gerdes, D. W., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Kim, A. G., Krause, E., Kuehn, K., Maia, M. A. G., Marshall, J. L., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Ogando, R. L. C., Palmese, A., Paz-Chinchón, F., Plazas, A. A., Roodman, A., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schubnell, M., Serrano, S., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., and Wester, W. The mystery of photometric twins DES17X1boj and DES16E2bjy. United Kingdom: N. p., 2020. Web. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa995.
Pursiainen, M., Gutiérrez, C. P., Wiseman, P., Childress, M., Smith, M., Frohmaier, C., Angus, C., Castro Segura, N., Kelsey, L., Sullivan, M., Galbany, L., Nugent, P., Bassett, B. A., Brout, D., Carollo, D., D’Andrea, C. B., Davis, T. M., Foley, R. J., Grayling, M., Hinton, S. R., Inserra, C., Kessler, R., Lewis, G. F., Lidman, C., Macaulay, E., March, M., Möller, A., Müller, T., Scolnic, D., Sommer, N. E., Swann, E., Thomas, B. P., Tucker, B. E., Vincenzi, M., Abbott, T. M. C., Allam, S., Annis, J., Avila, S., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Burke, D. L., Carnero Rosell, A., Carrasco Kind, M., da Costa, L. N., De Vicente, J., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Doel, P., Eifler, T. F., Everett, S., Flaugher, B., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Gerdes, D. W., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Kim, A. G., Krause, E., Kuehn, K., Maia, M. A. G., Marshall, J. L., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Ogando, R. L. C., Palmese, A., Paz-Chinchón, F., Plazas, A. A., Roodman, A., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schubnell, M., Serrano, S., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., & Wester, W. The mystery of photometric twins DES17X1boj and DES16E2bjy. United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa995
Pursiainen, M., Gutiérrez, C. P., Wiseman, P., Childress, M., Smith, M., Frohmaier, C., Angus, C., Castro Segura, N., Kelsey, L., Sullivan, M., Galbany, L., Nugent, P., Bassett, B. A., Brout, D., Carollo, D., D’Andrea, C. B., Davis, T. M., Foley, R. J., Grayling, M., Hinton, S. R., Inserra, C., Kessler, R., Lewis, G. F., Lidman, C., Macaulay, E., March, M., Möller, A., Müller, T., Scolnic, D., Sommer, N. E., Swann, E., Thomas, B. P., Tucker, B. E., Vincenzi, M., Abbott, T. M. C., Allam, S., Annis, J., Avila, S., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Burke, D. L., Carnero Rosell, A., Carrasco Kind, M., da Costa, L. N., De Vicente, J., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Doel, P., Eifler, T. F., Everett, S., Flaugher, B., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Gerdes, D. W., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Kim, A. G., Krause, E., Kuehn, K., Maia, M. A. G., Marshall, J. L., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Ogando, R. L. C., Palmese, A., Paz-Chinchón, F., Plazas, A. A., Roodman, A., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schubnell, M., Serrano, S., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., and Wester, W. Mon . "The mystery of photometric twins DES17X1boj and DES16E2bjy". United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa995.
@article{osti_1617917,
title = {The mystery of photometric twins DES17X1boj and DES16E2bjy},
author = {Pursiainen, M. and Gutiérrez, C. P. and Wiseman, P. and Childress, M. and Smith, M. and Frohmaier, C. and Angus, C. and Castro Segura, N. and Kelsey, L. and Sullivan, M. and Galbany, L. and Nugent, P. and Bassett, B. A. and Brout, D. and Carollo, D. and D’Andrea, C. B. and Davis, T. M. and Foley, R. J. and Grayling, M. and Hinton, S. R. and Inserra, C. and Kessler, R. and Lewis, G. F. and Lidman, C. and Macaulay, E. and March, M. and Möller, A. and Müller, T. and Scolnic, D. and Sommer, N. E. and Swann, E. and Thomas, B. P. and Tucker, B. E. and Vincenzi, M. and Abbott, T. M. C. and Allam, S. and Annis, J. and Avila, S. and Bertin, E. and Brooks, D. and Buckley-Geer, E. and Burke, D. L. and Carnero Rosell, A. and Carrasco Kind, M. and da Costa, L. N. and De Vicente, J. and Desai, S. and Diehl, H. T. and Doel, P. and Eifler, T. F. and Everett, S. and Flaugher, B. and Frieman, J. and García-Bellido, J. and Gaztanaga, E. and Gerdes, D. W. and Gruen, D. and Gruendl, R. A. and Gschwend, J. and Gutierrez, G. and Hollowood, D. L. and Honscheid, K. and James, D. J. and Kim, A. G. and Krause, E. and Kuehn, K. and Maia, M. A. G. and Marshall, J. L. and Menanteau, F. and Miquel, R. and Ogando, R. L. C. and Palmese, A. and Paz-Chinchón, F. and Plazas, A. A. and Roodman, A. and Sanchez, E. and Scarpine, V. and Schubnell, M. and Serrano, S. and Sevilla-Noarbe, I. and Suchyta, E. and Swanson, M. E. C. and Tarle, G. and Wester, W.},
abstractNote = {In this paper, we present an analysis of DES17X1boj and DES16E2bjy, two peculiar transients discovered by the Dark Energy Survey (DES). They exhibit nearly identical double-peaked light curves that reach very different maximum luminosities ($M_r$ = -15.4 and -17.9, respectively). The light-curve evolution of these events is highly atypical and has not been reported before. The transients are found in different host environments: DES17X1boj was found near the nucleus of a spiral galaxy, while DES16E2bjy is located in the outskirts of a passive red galaxy. Early photometric data are well fitted with a blackbody and the resulting moderate photospheric expansion velocities (1800 km s–1 for DES17X1boj and 4800 km s–1 for DES16E2bjy) suggest an explosive or eruptive origin. Additionally, a feature identified as high-velocity Ca II absorption ($v ≈$ 9400 km s–1) in the near-peak spectrum of DES17X1boj may imply that it is a supernova. While similar light-curve evolution suggests a similar physical origin for these two transients, we are not able to identify or characterize the progenitors.},
doi = {10.1093/mnras/staa995},
journal = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society},
number = 4,
volume = 494,
place = {United Kingdom},
year = {Mon Apr 13 00:00:00 EDT 2020},
month = {Mon Apr 13 00:00:00 EDT 2020}
}

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TYPE Iax SUPERNOVAE: A NEW CLASS OF STELLAR EXPLOSION
journal, March 2013


The dusty aftermath of SN Hunt 248: merger-burst remnant?
journal, September 2017

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Supernovae 2016bdu and 2005gl, and their link with SN 2009ip-like transients: another piece of the puzzle
journal, October 2017

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Optical and near-infrared observations of SN 2011dh – The first 100 days
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SN 2013ej: A TYPE IIL SUPERNOVA WITH WEAK SIGNS OF INTERACTION
journal, June 2015


Type Ibn Supernovae May not all Come from Massive Stars
journal, January 2019

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Optical Photometry of the Type I[CLC]a[/CLC] Supernova 1999[CLC]ee[/CLC] and the Type I[CLC]b[/CLC]/[CLC]c[/CLC] Supernova 1999[CLC]ex[/CLC] in IC 5179
journal, October 2002

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The Difference Imaging Pipeline for the Transient Search in the dark Energy Survey
journal, November 2015


SN 2009ip à la PESSTO: no evidence for core collapse yet★
journal, June 2013

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On the triple peaks of SNHunt248 in NGC 5806
journal, September 2015


The Redmapper Galaxy Cluster Catalog from des Science Verification data
journal, May 2016

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Secondary Maximum in the Near‐Infrared Light Curves of Type Ia Supernovae
journal, October 2006

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The Low-luminosity Type IIP Supernova 2016bkv with Early-phase Circumstellar Interaction
journal, May 2018

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UV-BRIGHT NEARBY EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES OBSERVED IN THE MID-INFRARED: EVIDENCE FOR A MULTI-STAGE FORMATION HISTORY BY WAY OF WISE AND GALEX IMAGING
journal, August 2013


Core-collapse supernovae ages and metallicities from emission-line diagnostics of nearby stellar populations
journal, October 2018

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A faint type of supernova from a white dwarf with a helium-rich companion
journal, May 2010

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The Galaxy Evolution Explorer : A Space Ultraviolet Survey Mission
journal, January 2005

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Low-luminosity Type II supernovae: spectroscopic and photometric evolution
journal, January 2004


A hot and fast ultra-stripped supernova that likely formed a compact neutron star binary
journal, October 2018


THE TYPE II SUPERNOVA RATE IN z ∼ 0.1 GALAXY CLUSTERS FROM THE MULTI-EPOCH NEARBY CLUSTER SURVEY
journal, June 2012


SN 2002cx: The Most Peculiar Known Type Ia Supernova
journal, April 2003

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Unresolved versus resolved: testing the validity of young simple stellar population models with VLT/MUSE observations of NGC 3603
journal, September 2016


Fast Direct Methods for Gaussian Processes
journal, February 2016

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CIGALE: a python Code Investigating GALaxy Emission
journal, February 2019


Measuring Reddening with Sloan Digital sky Survey Stellar Spectra and Recalibrating sfd
journal, August 2011


High-velocity features of calcium and silicon in the spectra of Type Ia supernovae
journal, June 2015

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Parametric Recovery of Line‐of‐Sight Velocity Distributions from Absorption‐Line Spectra of Galaxies via Penalized Likelihood
journal, February 2004

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Massive star mergers and the recent transient in NGC 4490: a more massive cousin of V838 Mon and V1309 Sco
journal, February 2016

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Stellar population synthesis at the resolution of 2003
journal, October 2003


Hydrogen-poor superluminous stellar explosions
journal, June 2011

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CHARACTERIZING THE V -BAND LIGHT-CURVES OF HYDROGEN-RICH TYPE II SUPERNOVAE
journal, April 2014

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SOUSA: the Swift Optical/Ultraviolet Supernova Archive
journal, July 2014

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SUPERNOVA 2010as: THE LOWEST-VELOCITY MEMBER OF A FAMILY OF FLAT-VELOCITY TYPE IIb SUPERNOVAE
journal, August 2014

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SN 2011dh: DISCOVERY OF A TYPE IIb SUPERNOVA FROM A COMPACT PROGENITOR IN THE NEARBY GALAXY M51
journal, November 2011


Redshift distributions of galaxies in the Dark Energy Survey Science Verification shear catalogue and implications for weak lensing
journal, August 2016


GAMA: towards a physical understanding of galaxy formation
journal, October 2009


SN 2009ip and SN 2010mc: core-collapse Type IIn supernovae arising from blue supergiants
journal, December 2013

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Carnegie Supernova Project: Observations of Type IIn supernovae
journal, June 2013


Discovery of an Intermediate-luminosity Red Transient in M51 and Its Likely Dust-obscured, Infrared-variable Progenitor
journal, July 2019

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HYPERLEDA: I. Identification and designation of galaxies
journal, November 2003


Improving the full spectrum fitting method: accurate convolution with Gauss–Hermite functions
journal, November 2016

  • Cappellari, Michele
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SN Hunt 248: a super-Eddington outburst from a massive cool hypergiant
journal, January 2015

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The Origin of the Mass‐Metallicity Relation: Insights from 53,000 Star‐forming Galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
journal, October 2004

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The first month of evolution of the slow-rising Type IIP SN 2013ej in M74
journal, December 2013

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Rapidly Evolving and Luminous Transients from Pan-Starrs1
journal, September 2014


Dead or Alive? Long-term evolution of SN 2015bh (SNhunt275)
journal, September 2016

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  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stw2253