Blinding multiprobe cosmological experiments
Abstract
The goal of blinding is to hide an experiment’s critical results – here the inferred cosmological parameters – until all decisions affecting its analysis have been finalized. This is especially important in the current era of precision cosmology, when the results of any new experiment are closely scrutinized for consistency or tension with previous results. In analyses that combine multiple observational probes, like the combination of galaxy clustering and weak lensing in the Dark Energy Survey (DES), it is challenging to blind the results while retaining the ability to check for (in)consistency between different parts of the data. In this paper, we propose a simple new blinding transformation, which works by modifying the summary statistics that are input to parameter estimation, such as two-point correlation functions. The transformation shifts the measured statistics to new values that are consistent with (blindly) shifted cosmological parameters while preserving internal (in)consistency. We apply the blinding transformation to simulated data for the projected DES Year 3 galaxy clustering and weak lensing analysis, demonstrating that practical blinding is achieved without significant perturbation of internal-consistency checks, as measured here by degradation of the χ2 between the data and best-fitting model. Our blinding method’s performance is expected tomore »
- Authors:
-
[1];
[4];
more »
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology, PO Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA, Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK, Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Department of Astronomy/Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology, PO Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, PO Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
- Instituto de Fisica Teorica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
- LSST, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA, Physics Department, 2320 Chamberlin Hall, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706-1390, USA
- CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, F-75014 Paris, France, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, F-75014 Paris, France
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain, Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia – LIneA, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ-20921-400, Brazil
- Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1002 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA, National Center for Supercomputing Applications, 1205 West Clark St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- Physics Department, 2320 Chamberlin Hall, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706-1390, USA
- INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, via G. B. Tiepolo 11, I-34143 Trieste, Italy, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, Via Beirut 2, I-34014 Trieste, Italy
- Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia – LIneA, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ-20921-400, Brazil, Observatório Nacional, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ-20921-400, Brazil
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physics, IIT Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana 502285, India
- Excellence Cluster Origins, Boltzmannstr. 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Scheinerstr. 1, D-81679 Munich, Germany
- Department of Astronomy/Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), E-08034 Barcelona, Spain, Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, PO Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USA, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA, Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology, PO Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK, Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 16, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Australian Astronomical Optics, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia, Lowell Observatory, 1400 Mars Hill Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA
- George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Pevensey Building, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile
- Excellence Cluster Origins, Boltzmannstr. 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstrasse, D-85748 Garching, Germany, Universitäts-Sternwarte, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Scheinerstr. 1, D-81679 München, Germany
- Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
- (
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States); Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC); Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR)
- Contributing Org.:
- DES Collaboration
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1617058
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1581419; OSTI ID: 1638182; OSTI ID: 1646641; OSTI ID: 1659587; OSTI ID: 1688700; OSTI ID: 1785332
- Report Number(s):
- arXiv:1911.05929; DES-2019-0427; FERMILAB-PUB-19-563-AE
Journal ID: ISSN 0035-8711
- Grant/Contract Number:
- SC0007901; FG02-95ER40899; AC02-05CH11231; AC02-07CH11359; AST-1615555; AST-1813834; AC02-76SF00515; SC0007859; AC05-00OR22725; SC0019193
- Resource Type:
- Published Article
- Journal Name:
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Journal Volume: 494 Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 0035-8711
- Publisher:
- Royal Astronomical Society
- Country of Publication:
- United Kingdom
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; 46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY; methods: data analysis: methods: numerical: methods: statistical: cosmology: observations; large-scale structure of Universe
Citation Formats
Muir, J., Bernstein, G. M., Huterer, D., Elsner, F., Krause, E., Roodman, A., Allam, S., Annis, J., Avila, S., Bechtol, K., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Burke, D. L., Carnero Rosell, A., Carrasco Kind, M., Carretero, J., Cawthon, R., Costanzi, M., da Costa, L. N., De Vicente, J., Desai, S., Dietrich, J. P., Doel, P., Eifler, T. F., Everett, S., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Gerdes, D. W., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Hartley, W. G., Hollowood, D. L., James, D. J., Jarvis, M., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Lahav, O., March, M., Marshall, J. L., Melchior, P., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Ogando, R. L. C., Palmese, A., Paz-Chinchón, F., Plazas, A. A., Romer, A. K., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schubnell, M., Serrano, S., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, M., Suchyta, E., Tarle, G., Thomas, D., Troxel, M. A., Walker, A. R., Weller, J., Wester, W., Zuntz, J., and DES Collaboration). Blinding multiprobe cosmological experiments. United Kingdom: N. p., 2020.
Web. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa965.
Muir, J., Bernstein, G. M., Huterer, D., Elsner, F., Krause, E., Roodman, A., Allam, S., Annis, J., Avila, S., Bechtol, K., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Burke, D. L., Carnero Rosell, A., Carrasco Kind, M., Carretero, J., Cawthon, R., Costanzi, M., da Costa, L. N., De Vicente, J., Desai, S., Dietrich, J. P., Doel, P., Eifler, T. F., Everett, S., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Gerdes, D. W., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Hartley, W. G., Hollowood, D. L., James, D. J., Jarvis, M., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Lahav, O., March, M., Marshall, J. L., Melchior, P., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Ogando, R. L. C., Palmese, A., Paz-Chinchón, F., Plazas, A. A., Romer, A. K., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schubnell, M., Serrano, S., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, M., Suchyta, E., Tarle, G., Thomas, D., Troxel, M. A., Walker, A. R., Weller, J., Wester, W., Zuntz, J., & DES Collaboration). Blinding multiprobe cosmological experiments. United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa965
Muir, J., Bernstein, G. M., Huterer, D., Elsner, F., Krause, E., Roodman, A., Allam, S., Annis, J., Avila, S., Bechtol, K., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Burke, D. L., Carnero Rosell, A., Carrasco Kind, M., Carretero, J., Cawthon, R., Costanzi, M., da Costa, L. N., De Vicente, J., Desai, S., Dietrich, J. P., Doel, P., Eifler, T. F., Everett, S., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Gerdes, D. W., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Hartley, W. G., Hollowood, D. L., James, D. J., Jarvis, M., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Lahav, O., March, M., Marshall, J. L., Melchior, P., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Ogando, R. L. C., Palmese, A., Paz-Chinchón, F., Plazas, A. A., Romer, A. K., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schubnell, M., Serrano, S., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, M., Suchyta, E., Tarle, G., Thomas, D., Troxel, M. A., Walker, A. R., Weller, J., Wester, W., Zuntz, J., and DES Collaboration). Wed .
"Blinding multiprobe cosmological experiments". United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa965.
@article{osti_1617058,
title = {Blinding multiprobe cosmological experiments},
author = {Muir, J. and Bernstein, G. M. and Huterer, D. and Elsner, F. and Krause, E. and Roodman, A. and Allam, S. and Annis, J. and Avila, S. and Bechtol, K. and Bertin, E. and Brooks, D. and Buckley-Geer, E. and Burke, D. L. and Carnero Rosell, A. and Carrasco Kind, M. and Carretero, J. and Cawthon, R. and Costanzi, M. and da Costa, L. N. and De Vicente, J. and Desai, S. and Dietrich, J. P. and Doel, P. and Eifler, T. F. and Everett, S. and Fosalba, P. and Frieman, J. and García-Bellido, J. and Gerdes, D. W. and Gruen, D. and Gruendl, R. A. and Gschwend, J. and Hartley, W. G. and Hollowood, D. L. and James, D. J. and Jarvis, M. and Kuehn, K. and Kuropatkin, N. and Lahav, O. and March, M. and Marshall, J. L. and Melchior, P. and Menanteau, F. and Miquel, R. and Ogando, R. L. C. and Palmese, A. and Paz-Chinchón, F. and Plazas, A. A. and Romer, A. K. and Sanchez, E. and Scarpine, V. and Schubnell, M. and Serrano, S. and Sevilla-Noarbe, I. and Smith, M. and Suchyta, E. and Tarle, G. and Thomas, D. and Troxel, M. A. and Walker, A. R. and Weller, J. and Wester, W. and Zuntz, J. and DES Collaboration)},
abstractNote = {The goal of blinding is to hide an experiment’s critical results – here the inferred cosmological parameters – until all decisions affecting its analysis have been finalized. This is especially important in the current era of precision cosmology, when the results of any new experiment are closely scrutinized for consistency or tension with previous results. In analyses that combine multiple observational probes, like the combination of galaxy clustering and weak lensing in the Dark Energy Survey (DES), it is challenging to blind the results while retaining the ability to check for (in)consistency between different parts of the data. In this paper, we propose a simple new blinding transformation, which works by modifying the summary statistics that are input to parameter estimation, such as two-point correlation functions. The transformation shifts the measured statistics to new values that are consistent with (blindly) shifted cosmological parameters while preserving internal (in)consistency. We apply the blinding transformation to simulated data for the projected DES Year 3 galaxy clustering and weak lensing analysis, demonstrating that practical blinding is achieved without significant perturbation of internal-consistency checks, as measured here by degradation of the χ2 between the data and best-fitting model. Our blinding method’s performance is expected to improve as experiments evolve to higher precision and accuracy.},
doi = {10.1093/mnras/staa965},
journal = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society},
number = 3,
volume = 494,
place = {United Kingdom},
year = {2020},
month = {4}
}
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