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Title: Neutrino vertex reconstruction with in-ice radio detectors using surface reflections and implications for the neutrino energy resolution

Abstract

Ultra high energy neutrinos (Eν > 1016.5eV) are efficiently measured via radio signals following a neutrino interaction in ice. An antenna placed1Script O(15 m) below the ice surface will measure two signals for the vast majority of events (90% at Eν=1018 eV): a direct pulse and a second delayed pulse from a reflection off the ice surface. This allows for a unique identification of neutrinos against backgrounds arriving from above. Furthermore, the time delay between the direct and reflected signal (D'n'R) correlates with the distance to the neutrino interaction vertex, a crucial quantity to determine the neutrino energy. In a simulation study, we derive the relation between time delay and distance and study the corresponding experimental uncertainties in estimating neutrino energies. We find that the resulting contribution to the energy resolution is well below the natural limit set by the unknown inelasticity in the initial neutrino interaction. We present an in-situ measurement that proves the experimental feasibility of this technique. Continuous monitoring of the local snow accumulation in the vicinity of the transmit and receive antennas using this technique provide a precision of Script O(1 mm) in surface elevation, which is much better than that needed to apply the D'n'Rmore » technique to neutrinos.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [1];  [2];  [3];  [2];  [4];  [1];  [1];  [2];  [5];  [6];  [7];  [8];  [9];  [10];  [3];  [4];  [1];  [1];  [4] more »;  [6];  [1];  [11];  [2];  [10];  [4];  [12] « less
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Univ. of California, Irvine, CA (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
  2. Uppsala Univ. (Sweden)
  3. Univ. of Kansas, Lawrence, KS (United States); National Research Nuclear Univ., Moscow (Russia). Moscow Engineering Physics Inst. (MEPhI)
  4. Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Zeuthen (Germany); Friedrich-Alexander-Univ. Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen (Germany). Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP)
  5. Whittier College, Whittier, CA (United States)
  6. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
  7. Univ. of California, Irvine, CA (United States)
  8. Univ. of California, Irvine, CA (United States); Friedrich-Alexander-Univ. Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen (Germany). Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP)
  9. Univ. of Kansas, Lawrence, KS (United States)
  10. National Taiwan Univ., Taipei (Taiwan). Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics
  11. Univ. of California, Irvine, CA (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, and Research Cyberinfrastructure Center
  12. RWTH Aachen Univ. (Germany). III. Physikalisches Inst.
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC); National Science Foundation (NSF); German research foundation (DFG); Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology; Swedish Government
OSTI Identifier:
1616074
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-05CH11231; NSF-1607719; GL 914/1-1 (CG); NE 2031/1-1; NE 2031/2-1; 02.a03.21.0005
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 2019; Journal Issue: 11; Journal ID: ISSN 1475-7516
Publisher:
Institute of Physics (IOP)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS

Citation Formats

Anker, A., Barwick, S. W., Bernhoff, H., Besson, D. Z., Bingefors, N., García-Fernández, D., Gaswint, G., Glaser, C., Hallgren, A., Hanson, J. C., Klein, S. R., Kleinfelder, S. A., Lahmann, R., Latif, U., Nam, J., Novikov, A., Nelles, A., Paul, M. P., Persichilli, C., Plaisier, I., Prakash, T., Shively, S. R., Tatar, J., Unger, E., Wang, S. -H., Welling, C., and Zierke, S. Neutrino vertex reconstruction with in-ice radio detectors using surface reflections and implications for the neutrino energy resolution. United States: N. p., 2019. Web. doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2019/11/030.
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Anker, A., Barwick, S. W., Bernhoff, H., Besson, D. Z., Bingefors, N., García-Fernández, D., Gaswint, G., Glaser, C., Hallgren, A., Hanson, J. C., Klein, S. R., Kleinfelder, S. A., Lahmann, R., Latif, U., Nam, J., Novikov, A., Nelles, A., Paul, M. P., Persichilli, C., Plaisier, I., Prakash, T., Shively, S. R., Tatar, J., Unger, E., Wang, S. -H., Welling, C., & Zierke, S. Neutrino vertex reconstruction with in-ice radio detectors using surface reflections and implications for the neutrino energy resolution. United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2019/11/030
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Anker, A., Barwick, S. W., Bernhoff, H., Besson, D. Z., Bingefors, N., García-Fernández, D., Gaswint, G., Glaser, C., Hallgren, A., Hanson, J. C., Klein, S. R., Kleinfelder, S. A., Lahmann, R., Latif, U., Nam, J., Novikov, A., Nelles, A., Paul, M. P., Persichilli, C., Plaisier, I., Prakash, T., Shively, S. R., Tatar, J., Unger, E., Wang, S. -H., Welling, C., and Zierke, S. Mon . "Neutrino vertex reconstruction with in-ice radio detectors using surface reflections and implications for the neutrino energy resolution". United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2019/11/030. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1616074.
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@article{osti_1616074,
title = {Neutrino vertex reconstruction with in-ice radio detectors using surface reflections and implications for the neutrino energy resolution},
author = {Anker, A. and Barwick, S. W. and Bernhoff, H. and Besson, D. Z. and Bingefors, N. and García-Fernández, D. and Gaswint, G. and Glaser, C. and Hallgren, A. and Hanson, J. C. and Klein, S. R. and Kleinfelder, S. A. and Lahmann, R. and Latif, U. and Nam, J. and Novikov, A. and Nelles, A. and Paul, M. P. and Persichilli, C. and Plaisier, I. and Prakash, T. and Shively, S. R. and Tatar, J. and Unger, E. and Wang, S. -H. and Welling, C. and Zierke, S.},
abstractNote = {Ultra high energy neutrinos (Eν > 1016.5eV) are efficiently measured via radio signals following a neutrino interaction in ice. An antenna placed1Script O(15 m) below the ice surface will measure two signals for the vast majority of events (90% at Eν=1018 eV): a direct pulse and a second delayed pulse from a reflection off the ice surface. This allows for a unique identification of neutrinos against backgrounds arriving from above. Furthermore, the time delay between the direct and reflected signal (D'n'R) correlates with the distance to the neutrino interaction vertex, a crucial quantity to determine the neutrino energy. In a simulation study, we derive the relation between time delay and distance and study the corresponding experimental uncertainties in estimating neutrino energies. We find that the resulting contribution to the energy resolution is well below the natural limit set by the unknown inelasticity in the initial neutrino interaction. We present an in-situ measurement that proves the experimental feasibility of this technique. Continuous monitoring of the local snow accumulation in the vicinity of the transmit and receive antennas using this technique provide a precision of Script O(1 mm) in surface elevation, which is much better than that needed to apply the D'n'R technique to neutrinos.},
doi = {10.1088/1475-7516/2019/11/030},
journal = {Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics},
number = 11,
volume = 2019,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Nov 25 00:00:00 EST 2019},
month = {Mon Nov 25 00:00:00 EST 2019}
}
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Journal Article:
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Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2019/11/030
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