Beyond the proton drip line: Bayesian analysis of proton-emitting nuclei

Neufcourt, Léo; Cao, Yuchen; Giuliani, Samuel; Nazarewicz, Witold; Olsen, Erik; Tarasov, Oleg B.

doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.101.014319

Title: Beyond the proton drip line: Bayesian analysis of proton-emitting nuclei

Abstract

The limits of the nuclear landscape are determined by nuclear binding energies. Beyond the proton drip lines, where the separation energy becomes negative, there is not enough binding energy to prevent protons from escaping the nucleus. Predicting properties of unstable nuclear states in the vast territory of proton emitters poses an appreciable challenge for nuclear theory as it often involves far extrapolations. In addition, significant discrepancies between nuclear models in the proton-rich territory call for quantified predictions. With the help of Bayesian methodology, we mix a family of nuclear mass models corrected with statistical emulators trained on the experimental mass measurements, in the proton-rich region of the nuclear chart. Separation energies were computed within nuclear density functional theory using several Skyrme and Gogny energy density functionals. We also considered mass predictions based on two models used in astrophysical studies. Quantified predictions were obtained for each model using Bayesian Gaussian processes trained on separation-energy residuals and combined via Bayesian model averaging. Here, we obtained a good agreement between averaged predictions of statistically corrected models and experiment. In particular, we quantified model results for one- and two-proton separation energies and derived probabilities of proton emission. This information enabled us to produce amore »« less

Authors:

Neufcourt, Léo ^[1]; Cao, Yuchen ^[1];

^[1];

^[2];

^[1]

Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States)
Univ. Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (Belgium)

Publication Date:: 2020-01-22

Research Org.:: Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)

OSTI Identifier:: 1615735

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0013365; SC0008511; NA0002847; SC0018083; NA0003885

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Physical Review C

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 101; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9985

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS; nuclear binding; nuclear density functional theory; nuclear structure & decays; proton emission; bayesian methods; Monte Carlo methods

Citation Formats


                    Neufcourt, Léo, Cao, Yuchen, Giuliani, Samuel, Nazarewicz, Witold, Olsen, Erik, and Tarasov, Oleg B. Beyond the proton drip line: Bayesian analysis of proton-emitting nuclei.  United States: N. p., 2020. 
Web.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.101.014319.

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                    Neufcourt, Léo, Cao, Yuchen, Giuliani, Samuel, Nazarewicz, Witold, Olsen, Erik, & Tarasov, Oleg B. Beyond the proton drip line: Bayesian analysis of proton-emitting nuclei.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.101.014319

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                    Neufcourt, Léo, Cao, Yuchen, Giuliani, Samuel, Nazarewicz, Witold, Olsen, Erik, and Tarasov, Oleg B. Wed .  
"Beyond the proton drip line: Bayesian analysis of proton-emitting nuclei".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.101.014319.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1615735.

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@article{osti_1615735,

  title        = {Beyond the proton drip line: Bayesian analysis of proton-emitting nuclei},

  author       = {Neufcourt, Léo and Cao, Yuchen and Giuliani, Samuel and Nazarewicz, Witold and Olsen, Erik and Tarasov, Oleg B.},

  abstractNote = {The limits of the nuclear landscape are determined by nuclear binding energies. Beyond the proton drip lines, where the separation energy becomes negative, there is not enough binding energy to prevent protons from escaping the nucleus. Predicting properties of unstable nuclear states in the vast territory of proton emitters poses an appreciable challenge for nuclear theory as it often involves far extrapolations. In addition, significant discrepancies between nuclear models in the proton-rich territory call for quantified predictions. With the help of Bayesian methodology, we mix a family of nuclear mass models corrected with statistical emulators trained on the experimental mass measurements, in the proton-rich region of the nuclear chart. Separation energies were computed within nuclear density functional theory using several Skyrme and Gogny energy density functionals. We also considered mass predictions based on two models used in astrophysical studies. Quantified predictions were obtained for each model using Bayesian Gaussian processes trained on separation-energy residuals and combined via Bayesian model averaging. Here, we obtained a good agreement between averaged predictions of statistically corrected models and experiment. In particular, we quantified model results for one- and two-proton separation energies and derived probabilities of proton emission. This information enabled us to produce a quantified landscape of proton-rich nuclei. The most promising candidates for two-proton decay studies have been identified. Finally, the methodology used in this work has broad applications to model-based extrapolations of various nuclear observables. It also provides a reliable uncertainty quantification of theoretical predictions.},

  doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevC.101.014319},

  journal      = {Physical Review C},

  number       = 1,

  volume       = 101,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2020},

  month        = {1}

}

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Neutron Drip Line in the Ca Region from Bayesian Model Averaging

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The region of heavy calcium isotopes forms the frontier of experimental and theoretical nuclear structure research where the basic concepts of nuclear physics are put to stringent test. The recent discovery of the extremely neutron-rich nuclei around ⁶⁰Ca and the experimental determination of masses for ^55-57Ca provide unique information about the binding energy surface in this region. To assess the impact of these experimental discoveries on the nuclear landscape’s extent, we use global mass models and statistical machine learning to make predictions, with quantified levels of certainty, for bound nuclides between Si and Ti. Using a Bayesian model averaging analysismore »« less
Cited by 12
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.062502

Full Text Available
Bayesian approach to model-based extrapolation of nuclear observables

Journal Article Neufcourt, Léo ; Cao, Yuchen ; Nazarewicz, Witold ; ... - Physical Review C

Here, we considered 10 global models based on nuclear density functional theory with realistic energy density functionals as well as two more phenomenological mass models. The emulators of two-neutron separation energy residuals and Bayesian confidence intervals defining theoretical error bars were constructed using Bayesian Gaussian processes and Bayesian neural networks. By establishing statistical methodology and parameters, we carried out extrapolations toward the two-neutron dripline. While both Gaussian processes (GP) and Bayesian neural networks reduce the root-mean-square (rms) deviation from experiment significantly, GP offers a better and much more stable performance. The increase in the predictive power of microscopic models aidedmore »« less
Cited by 15
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.98.034318

Full Text Available
$α$ -decay energies of superheavy nuclei: Systematic trends

Journal Article Olsen, E. ; Nazarewicz, W. - Physical Review C

Background: New superheavy nuclei are often identified through their characteristic α -decay energies, which requires accurate calculations of Q_α values. While many Q_α predictions are available, little is known about their uncertainties, and this makes it difficult to carry out extrapolations to as-yet-unknown systems. Purpose: This work aims to analyze several models, compare their predictions to available experimental data, and study their performance for the unobserved α-decay chains of ²⁹⁶120 and ²⁹⁸120, which are of current experimental interest. Our quantified results will also serve as a benchmark for future, more sophisticated statistical studies. Methods: We use nuclear superfluid density functionalmore »« less
Cited by 7
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.99.014317

Full Text Available
Landscape of pear-shaped even-even nuclei

Journal Article Cao, Yuchen ; Agbemava, S. E. ; Afanasjev, A. V. ; ... - Physical Review C

The phenomenon of reflection-asymmetric nuclear shapes is relevant to nuclear stability, nuclear spectroscopy, nuclear decays and fission, and the search for new physics beyond the standard model. Global surveys of ground-state octupole deformation, performed with a limited number of models, suggest that the number of pear-shaped isotopes is fairly limited across the nuclear landscape. Here, we carry out a global analysis of ground-state octupole deformations for particle-bound even-even nuclei with Z ≤ 110 and N ≤ 210 using nuclear density functional theory (DFT) with several nonrelativistic and covariant energy density functionals. In this way, we can identify the best candidatesmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.102.024311

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Title: Beyond the proton drip line: Bayesian analysis of proton-emitting nuclei

Abstract

Citation Formats

Nuclear mass predictions for the crustal composition of neutron stars: A Bayesian neural network approach journal, January 2016

First Direct Mass Measurements of Nuclides around Z = 100 with a Multireflection Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrograph journal, April 2018

Future Opportunities at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams journal, January 2018

Nuclear deformation in the A ≈ 100 region: Comparison between new masses and mean-field predictions journal, July 2017

Neutron Drip Line in the Ca Region from Bayesian Model Averaging journal, February 2019

Erratum: Landscape of Two-Proton Radioactivity [Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 , 222501 (2013)] journal, September 2013

The limits of the nuclear landscape journal, June 2012

Hartree-Fock-Bogolyubov description of nuclei near the neutron-drip line journal, June 1984

Nuclear energy density optimization: Shell structure journal, May 2014

Dawning of the N = 32 Shell Closure Seen through Precision Mass Measurements of Neutron-Rich Titanium Isotopes journal, February 2018

Performance of the Levenberg–Marquardt neural network approach in nuclear mass prediction journal, March 2017

Fission properties of superheavy nuclei for r -process calculations journal, March 2018

Proton spectroscopy of Ni 48 , Fe 46 , and Cr 44 journal, July 2014

Binding Energy of Cu 79 : Probing the Structure of the Doubly Magic Ni 78 from Only One Proton Away journal, November 2017

First Gogny-Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov Nuclear Mass Model journal, June 2009

Two-proton emission half-lives in the effective liquid drop model journal, November 2017

Shell corrections for finite-depth deformed potentials: Green’s function oscillator expansion method journal, May 2000

David Draper and E. I. George, and a rejoinder by the authors journal, November 1999

Transition from direct to sequential two-proton decay in s–d shell nuclei journal, November 2016

The AME2016 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references journal, March 2017

Decay mechanism and lifetime of Kr 67 journal, February 2017

The Ame2003 atomic mass evaluation journal, December 2003

First Observation of Zn 54 and its Decay by Two-Proton Emission journal, June 2005

α -decay energies of superheavy nuclei: Systematic trends journal, January 2019

Nuclear shell structure at particle drip lines journal, February 1994

Dependence of two-proton radioactivity on nuclear pairing models journal, October 2017

LISE++: Radioactive beam production with in-flight separators journal, October 2008

Structure and decay of the extremely proton-rich nuclei O 11 , 12 journal, May 2019

Nuclear ground-state masses and deformations: FRDM(2012) journal, May 2016

Precision Mass Measurements on Neutron-Rich Rare-Earth Isotopes at JYFLTRAP: Reduced Neutron Pairing and Implications for r -Process Calculations journal, June 2018

Two-Proton Radioactivity of F 45 e journal, August 2002

Democratic Decay of Be 6 Exposed by Correlations journal, November 2012

Variations on a theme by Skyrme: A systematic study of adjustments of model parameters journal, March 2009

Precision Mass Measurements of Neutron-Rich Neodymium and Samarium Isotopes and Their Role in Understanding Rare-Earth Peak Formation journal, June 2018

Estimating Parameter Uncertainty in Binding-Energy Models by the Frequency-Domain Bootstrap journal, December 2017

On neutron-deficient isotopes of light nuclei and the phenomena of proton and two-proton radioactivity journal, September 1960

Global performance of covariant energy density functionals: Ground state observables of even-even nuclei and the estimate of theoretical uncertainties journal, May 2014

First Observation of Unbound O 11 , the Mirror of the Halo Nucleus Li 11 journal, March 2019

Towards a better parametrisation of Skyrme-like effective forces: A critical study of the SkM force journal, September 1982

Landscape of Two-Proton Radioactivity journal, May 2013

Two-proton radioactivity: the status and perspectives journal, June 2004

Computing and Graphing Highest Density Regions journal, May 1996

Uncertainty decomposition method and its application to the liquid drop model journal, March 2016

New Skyrme effective forces for supernovae and neutron rich nuclei journal, January 1995

Two-proton radioactivity: 10 years of experimental progresses journal, April 2013

Diproton decay of nuclei on the proton drip line journal, April 1991

Pairing correlations. I. Description of odd nuclei in mean-field theories journal, December 2001

Nuclear mass predictions based on Bayesian neural network approach with pairing and shell effects journal, March 2018

Nuclear energy density optimization: Large deformations journal, February 2012

Radioactive decays at limits of nuclear stability journal, April 2012

Magic Nature of Neutrons in Ca 54 : First Mass Measurements of Ca 55 – 57 journal, July 2018

Refining mass formulas for astrophysical applications: A Bayesian neural network approach journal, October 2017

Two-proton radioactivity journal, March 2008

Improved Kelson-Garvey mass relations for proton-rich nuclei journal, January 2013

Extrapolation of nuclear structure observables with artificial neural networks journal, November 2019

Alpha half-lives calculation of superheavy nuclei with Q α -value predictions based on the Bayesian neural network approach journal, October 2019

Nuclear energy density optimization journal, August 2010

First observation of two-proton radioactivity in Ni 48 journal, June 2011

Direct Observation of Two Protons in the Decay of Zn 54 journal, September 2011

Two-proton radioactivity and three-body decay. II. Exploratory studies of lifetimes and correlations journal, November 2003

Observation of Two-Proton Radioactivity of Mg 19 by Tracking the Decay Products journal, October 2007

Towards the Limits of Existence of Nuclear Structure: Observation and First Spectroscopy of the Isotope K 31 by Measuring Its Three-Proton Decay journal, August 2019

Structure of proton drip-line nuclei around doubly magic Ni 48 journal, February 1996

Puzzling Two-Proton Decay of Kr 67 journal, May 2018

New Kohn-Sham density functional based on microscopic nuclear and neutron matter equations of state journal, June 2013

LISE++ development: Application to projectile fission at relativistic energies journal, May 2005

Deep excursion beyond the proton dripline. II. Toward the limits of existence of nuclear structure journal, December 2018

Facility for Rare Isotope Beams Update for Nuclear Physics News journal, April 2017

Modified empirical parametrization of fragmentation cross sections journal, February 2000

Bayesian Evaluation of Incomplete Fission Yields journal, September 2019

Validating neural-network refinements of nuclear mass models journal, January 2018

Bayesian approach to model-based extrapolation of nuclear observables journal, September 2018

Particle radioactivity of exotic nuclei journal, January 2013

Bayesian Neural Network improvements to nuclear mass formulae and predictions in the SuperHeavy Elements region journal, August 2019

Neutron-skin uncertainties of Skyrme energy density functionals journal, September 2013

Bayesian Model Selection and Model Averaging journal, March 2000

Nuclear mass systematics using neural networks journal, November 2004

Nuclear mass predictions for the crustal composition of neutron stars: A Bayesian neural network approach
journal, January 2016

First Direct Mass Measurements of Nuclides around $Z = 100$ with a Multireflection Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrograph
journal, April 2018

Future Opportunities at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams
journal, January 2018

Nuclear deformation in the $A \approx 100$ region: Comparison between new masses and mean-field predictions
journal, July 2017

Neutron Drip Line in the Ca Region from Bayesian Model Averaging
journal, February 2019

Erratum: Landscape of Two-Proton Radioactivity [Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 , 222501 (2013)]
journal, September 2013

The limits of the nuclear landscape
journal, June 2012

Hartree-Fock-Bogolyubov description of nuclei near the neutron-drip line
journal, June 1984

Nuclear energy density optimization: Shell structure
journal, May 2014

Dawning of the $N = 32$ Shell Closure Seen through Precision Mass Measurements of Neutron-Rich Titanium Isotopes
journal, February 2018

Performance of the Levenberg–Marquardt neural network approach in nuclear mass prediction
journal, March 2017

Fission properties of superheavy nuclei for $r$ -process calculations
journal, March 2018

Proton spectroscopy of ${}^{48}{Ni}, {}^{46}{Fe}$ , and ${}^{44}{Cr}$
journal, July 2014

Binding Energy of ${}^{79}{Cu}$ : Probing the Structure of the Doubly Magic ${}^{78}{Ni}$ from Only One Proton Away
journal, November 2017

First Gogny-Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov Nuclear Mass Model
journal, June 2009

Two-proton emission half-lives in the effective liquid drop model
journal, November 2017

Shell corrections for finite-depth deformed potentials: Green’s function oscillator expansion method
journal, May 2000

David Draper and E. I. George, and a rejoinder by the authors
journal, November 1999

Transition from direct to sequential two-proton decay in s–d shell nuclei
journal, November 2016

The AME2016 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references
journal, March 2017

Decay mechanism and lifetime of ${}^{67}{Kr}$
journal, February 2017

The Ame2003 atomic mass evaluation
journal, December 2003

First Observation of ${}^{54}{Zn}$ and its Decay by Two-Proton Emission
journal, June 2005

$α$ -decay energies of superheavy nuclei: Systematic trends
journal, January 2019

Nuclear shell structure at particle drip lines
journal, February 1994

Dependence of two-proton radioactivity on nuclear pairing models
journal, October 2017

LISE++: Radioactive beam production with in-flight separators
journal, October 2008

Structure and decay of the extremely proton-rich nuclei ${}^{11, 12}O$
journal, May 2019

Nuclear ground-state masses and deformations: FRDM(2012)
journal, May 2016

Precision Mass Measurements on Neutron-Rich Rare-Earth Isotopes at JYFLTRAP: Reduced Neutron Pairing and Implications for $r$ -Process Calculations
journal, June 2018

Two-Proton Radioactivity of ${}^{45}F e$
journal, August 2002

Democratic Decay of ${}^{6}{Be}$ Exposed by Correlations
journal, November 2012

Variations on a theme by Skyrme: A systematic study of adjustments of model parameters
journal, March 2009

Precision Mass Measurements of Neutron-Rich Neodymium and Samarium Isotopes and Their Role in Understanding Rare-Earth Peak Formation
journal, June 2018

Estimating Parameter Uncertainty in Binding-Energy Models by the Frequency-Domain Bootstrap
journal, December 2017

On neutron-deficient isotopes of light nuclei and the phenomena of proton and two-proton radioactivity
journal, September 1960

Global performance of covariant energy density functionals: Ground state observables of even-even nuclei and the estimate of theoretical uncertainties
journal, May 2014

First Observation of Unbound ${}^{11}O$ , the Mirror of the Halo Nucleus ${}^{11}{Li}$
journal, March 2019

Towards a better parametrisation of Skyrme-like effective forces: A critical study of the SkM force
journal, September 1982

Landscape of Two-Proton Radioactivity
journal, May 2013

Two-proton radioactivity: the status and perspectives
journal, June 2004

Computing and Graphing Highest Density Regions
journal, May 1996

Uncertainty decomposition method and its application to the liquid drop model
journal, March 2016

New Skyrme effective forces for supernovae and neutron rich nuclei
journal, January 1995

Two-proton radioactivity: 10 years of experimental progresses
journal, April 2013

Diproton decay of nuclei on the proton drip line
journal, April 1991

Pairing correlations. I. Description of odd nuclei in mean-field theories
journal, December 2001

Nuclear mass predictions based on Bayesian neural network approach with pairing and shell effects
journal, March 2018

Nuclear energy density optimization: Large deformations
journal, February 2012

Radioactive decays at limits of nuclear stability
journal, April 2012

Magic Nature of Neutrons in ${}^{54}{Ca}$ : First Mass Measurements of ${}^{55 - 57}{Ca}$
journal, July 2018

Refining mass formulas for astrophysical applications: A Bayesian neural network approach
journal, October 2017

Two-proton radioactivity
journal, March 2008

Improved Kelson-Garvey mass relations for proton-rich nuclei
journal, January 2013

Extrapolation of nuclear structure observables with artificial neural networks
journal, November 2019

Alpha half-lives calculation of superheavy nuclei with Q _α -value predictions based on the Bayesian neural network approach
journal, October 2019

Nuclear energy density optimization
journal, August 2010

First observation of two-proton radioactivity in ${}^{48}{Ni}$
journal, June 2011

Direct Observation of Two Protons in the Decay of ${}^{54}{Zn}$
journal, September 2011

Two-proton radioactivity and three-body decay. II. Exploratory studies of lifetimes and correlations
journal, November 2003

Observation of Two-Proton Radioactivity of ${}^{19}{Mg}$ by Tracking the Decay Products
journal, October 2007

Towards the Limits of Existence of Nuclear Structure: Observation and First Spectroscopy of the Isotope ${}^{31}K$ by Measuring Its Three-Proton Decay
journal, August 2019

Structure of proton drip-line nuclei around doubly magic ${}^{48}{Ni}$
journal, February 1996

Puzzling Two-Proton Decay of ${}^{67}{Kr}$
journal, May 2018

New Kohn-Sham density functional based on microscopic nuclear and neutron matter equations of state
journal, June 2013

LISE++ development: Application to projectile fission at relativistic energies
journal, May 2005

Deep excursion beyond the proton dripline. II. Toward the limits of existence of nuclear structure
journal, December 2018

Facility for Rare Isotope Beams Update for Nuclear Physics News
journal, April 2017

Modified empirical parametrization of fragmentation cross sections
journal, February 2000

Bayesian Evaluation of Incomplete Fission Yields
journal, September 2019

Validating neural-network refinements of nuclear mass models
journal, January 2018

Bayesian approach to model-based extrapolation of nuclear observables
journal, September 2018

Particle radioactivity of exotic nuclei
journal, January 2013

Bayesian Neural Network improvements to nuclear mass formulae and predictions in the SuperHeavy Elements region
journal, August 2019

Neutron-skin uncertainties of Skyrme energy density functionals
journal, September 2013

Bayesian Model Selection and Model Averaging
journal, March 2000

Nuclear mass systematics using neural networks
journal, November 2004

The decay of proton-rich nuclei in the mass region
journal, August 2007

Further explorations of Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov mass formulas. XIII. The 2012 atomic mass evaluation and the symmetry coefficient
journal, August 2013

An approach to adjustment of relativistic mean field model parameters
journal, January 2017