To TDE or not to TDE: the luminous transient ASASSN-18jd with TDE-like and AGN-like qualities

Neustadt, J. M. M.; Holoien, T. W-S; Kochanek, C. S.; Auchettl, K.; Brown, J. S.; Shappee, B. J.; Pogge, R. W.; Dong, Subo; Stanek, K. Z.; Tucker, M. A.; Bose, S.; Chen, Ping; Ricci, C.; Vallely, P. J.; Prieto, J. L.; Thompson, T. A.; Coulter, D. A.; Drout, M. R.; Foley, R. J.; Kilpatrick, C. D.; Piro, A. L.; Rojas-Bravo, C.; Buckley, D. A. H.; Gromadzki, M.; Dimitriadis, G.; Siebert, M. R.; Do, A.; Huber, M. E.; Payne, A. V.

doi:10.1093/mnras/staa859

Title: To TDE or not to TDE: the luminous transient ASASSN-18jd with TDE-like and AGN-like qualities

Abstract

ABSTRACT We present the discovery of ASASSN-18jd (AT 2018bcb), a luminous optical/ultraviolet(UV)/X-ray transient located in the nucleus of the galaxy 2MASX J22434289–1659083 at z = 0.1192. Over the year after discovery, Swift UltraViolet and Optical Telescope (UVOT) photometry shows the UV spectral energy distribution of the transient to be well modelled by a slowly shrinking blackbody with temperature $$T \sim 2.5 \times 10^{4} \, {\rm K}$$, a maximum observed luminosity of $$L_{\rm max} = 4.5^{+0.6}_{-0.3}\times 10^{44} \, {\rm erg \,s}^{-1}$$, and a radiated energy of $$E = 9.6^{+1.1}_{-0.6} \times 10^{51} \, {\rm erg}$$. X-ray data from Swift X-Ray Telescope (XRT) and XMM–Newton show a transient, variable X-ray flux with blackbody and power-law components that fade by nearly an order of magnitude over the following year. Optical spectra show strong, roughly constant broad Balmer emission and transient features attributable to He ii, N iii–v, O iii, and coronal Fe. While ASASSN-18jd shares similarities with tidal disruption events (TDEs), it is also similar to the newly discovered nuclear transients seen in quiescent galaxies and faint active galactic nuclei (AGNs).

Authors:

^[1];

^[2]; Kochanek, C. S. ^[3]; Auchettl, K. ^[4]; Brown, J. S. ^[5]; Shappee, B. J. ^[6]; Pogge, R. W. ^[1]; Dong, Subo ^[7]; Stanek, K. Z. ^[1]; Tucker, M. A. ^[6];

^[3]; Chen, Ping ^[7]; Ricci, C. ^[8];

^[1]; Prieto, J. L. ^[9]; Thompson, T. A. ^[3]; Coulter, D. A. ^[5]; Drout, M. R. ^[10]; Foley, R. J. ^[5]; Kilpatrick, C. D. ^[5] more »

Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
The Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science, 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA
Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics (CCAPP), The Ohio State University, 191 W. Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
DARK, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Lyngbyvej 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai’i, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Yi He Huan Road 5, Hai Dian District, Beijing 100871, China
Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Yi He Huan Road 5, Hai Dian District, Beijing 100871, China, Núcleo de Astronomía de la Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Diego Portales, Av. Ejército 441, Santiago, Chile, Department of Physics and Astronomy, George Mason University, MS 3F3, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
Núcleo de Astronomía de la Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Diego Portales, Av. Ejército 441, Santiago, Chile, Millennium Institute of Astrophysics, Santiago, Chile
Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 50 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada
South African Astronomical Observatory, PO Box 9, Observatory 7935, Cape Town, South Africa
Astronomical Observatory, University of Warsaw, Al. Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00-478 Warszawa, Poland

Publication Date:: 2020-04-04

Research Org.:: Krell Institute, Ames, IA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

OSTI Identifier:: 1615693

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1803686

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0019323

Resource Type:: Published Article

Journal Name:: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Journal Volume: 494 Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 0035-8711

Publisher:: Oxford University Press

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

Subject:: 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; Astronomy & Astrophysics; accretion; accretion discs; black hole physics; galaxies: nuclei

Citation Formats


                    Neustadt, J. M. M., Holoien, T. W-S, Kochanek, C. S., Auchettl, K., Brown, J. S., Shappee, B. J., Pogge, R. W., Dong, Subo, Stanek, K. Z., Tucker, M. A., Bose, S., Chen, Ping, Ricci, C., Vallely, P. J., Prieto, J. L., Thompson, T. A., Coulter, D. A., Drout, M. R., Foley, R. J., Kilpatrick, C. D., Piro, A. L., Rojas-Bravo, C., Buckley, D. A. H., Gromadzki, M., Dimitriadis, G., Siebert, M. R., Do, A., Huber, M. E., and Payne, A. V. To TDE or not to TDE: the luminous transient ASASSN-18jd with TDE-like and AGN-like qualities.  United Kingdom: N. p., 2020. 
Web.  doi:10.1093/mnras/staa859.

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                    Neustadt, J. M. M., Holoien, T. W-S, Kochanek, C. S., Auchettl, K., Brown, J. S., Shappee, B. J., Pogge, R. W., Dong, Subo, Stanek, K. Z., Tucker, M. A., Bose, S., Chen, Ping, Ricci, C., Vallely, P. J., Prieto, J. L., Thompson, T. A., Coulter, D. A., Drout, M. R., Foley, R. J., Kilpatrick, C. D., Piro, A. L., Rojas-Bravo, C., Buckley, D. A. H., Gromadzki, M., Dimitriadis, G., Siebert, M. R., Do, A., Huber, M. E., & Payne, A. V. To TDE or not to TDE: the luminous transient ASASSN-18jd with TDE-like and AGN-like qualities.  United Kingdom.  https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa859

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                    Neustadt, J. M. M., Holoien, T. W-S, Kochanek, C. S., Auchettl, K., Brown, J. S., Shappee, B. J., Pogge, R. W., Dong, Subo, Stanek, K. Z., Tucker, M. A., Bose, S., Chen, Ping, Ricci, C., Vallely, P. J., Prieto, J. L., Thompson, T. A., Coulter, D. A., Drout, M. R., Foley, R. J., Kilpatrick, C. D., Piro, A. L., Rojas-Bravo, C., Buckley, D. A. H., Gromadzki, M., Dimitriadis, G., Siebert, M. R., Do, A., Huber, M. E., and Payne, A. V. Sat .  
"To TDE or not to TDE: the luminous transient ASASSN-18jd with TDE-like and AGN-like qualities".  United Kingdom.  https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa859.

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@article{osti_1615693,

  title        = {To TDE or not to TDE: the luminous transient ASASSN-18jd with TDE-like and AGN-like qualities},

  author       = {Neustadt, J. M. M. and Holoien, T. W-S and Kochanek, C. S. and Auchettl, K. and Brown, J. S. and Shappee, B. J. and Pogge, R. W. and Dong, Subo and Stanek, K. Z. and Tucker, M. A. and Bose, S. and Chen, Ping and Ricci, C. and Vallely, P. J. and Prieto, J. L. and Thompson, T. A. and Coulter, D. A. and Drout, M. R. and Foley, R. J. and Kilpatrick, C. D. and Piro, A. L. and Rojas-Bravo, C. and Buckley, D. A. H. and Gromadzki, M. and Dimitriadis, G. and Siebert, M. R. and Do, A. and Huber, M. E. and Payne, A. V.},

  abstractNote = {ABSTRACT We present the discovery of ASASSN-18jd (AT 2018bcb), a luminous optical/ultraviolet(UV)/X-ray transient located in the nucleus of the galaxy 2MASX J22434289–1659083 at z = 0.1192. Over the year after discovery, Swift UltraViolet and Optical Telescope (UVOT) photometry shows the UV spectral energy distribution of the transient to be well modelled by a slowly shrinking blackbody with temperature $T \sim 2.5 \times 10^{4} \, {\rm K}$, a maximum observed luminosity of $L_{\rm max} = 4.5^{+0.6}_{-0.3}\times 10^{44} \, {\rm erg \,s}^{-1}$, and a radiated energy of $E = 9.6^{+1.1}_{-0.6} \times 10^{51} \, {\rm erg}$. X-ray data from Swift X-Ray Telescope (XRT) and XMM–Newton show a transient, variable X-ray flux with blackbody and power-law components that fade by nearly an order of magnitude over the following year. Optical spectra show strong, roughly constant broad Balmer emission and transient features attributable to He ii, N iii–v, O iii, and coronal Fe. While ASASSN-18jd shares similarities with tidal disruption events (TDEs), it is also similar to the newly discovered nuclear transients seen in quiescent galaxies and faint active galactic nuclei (AGNs).},

  doi          = {10.1093/mnras/staa859},

  journal      = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society},

  number       = 2,

  volume       = 494,

  place        = {United Kingdom},

  year         = {2020},

  month        = {4}

}

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Six months of multiwavelength follow-up of the tidal disruption candidate ASASSN-14li and implied TDE rates from ASAS-SN

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In this paper, we present ground-based and Swift photometric and spectroscopic observations of the candidate tidal disruption event (TDE) ASASSN-14li, found at the centre of PGC 043234 (d ≃ 90 Mpc) by the All-Sky Automated Survey for SuperNovae (ASAS-SN). The source had a peak bolometric luminosity of L ≃ 10⁴⁴ erg s^-1 and a total integrated energy of E ≃ 7 × 10⁵⁰ erg radiated over the ~6 months of observations presented. The UV/optical emission of the source is well fitted by a blackbody with roughly constant temperature of T ~ 35 000 K, while the luminosity declines by roughlymore »« less
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Here, we present observations of ASASSN-19dj, a nearby tidal disruption event (TDE) discovered in the post-starburst galaxy KUG 0810+227 by the All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae (ASAS-SN) at a distance of d ≃ 98 Mpc. We observed ASASSN-19dj from -21 to 392 d relative to peak ultraviolet (UV)/optical emission using high-cadence, multiwavelength spectroscopy and photometry. From the ASAS-SN g-band data, we determine that the TDE began to brighten on 2019 February 6.8 and for the first 16 d the rise was consistent with a flux ∝t² power law. ASASSN-19dj peaked in the UV/optical on 2019 March 6.5 (MJD = 58548.5) at amore »« less
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We present the detection of persistent soft X-ray radiation with L{sub x}∼10{sup 41}–10{sup 42} erg s{sup –1} at the location of the extremely luminous, double-humped transient ASASSN-15lh as revealed by Chandra and Swift. We interpret this finding in the context of observations from our multiwavelength campaign, which revealed the presence of weak narrow nebular emission features from the host-galaxy nucleus and clear differences with respect to superluminous supernova optical spectra. Significant UV flux variability on short timescales detected at the time of the rebrightening disfavors the shock interaction scenario as the source of energy powering the long-lived UV emission, whilemore »« less
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We present late-time optical spectroscopy taken with the Large Binocular Telescope's Multi-Object Double Spectrograph, late-time Swift UVOT and X-ray Telescope observations, as well as improved All-Sky Automated Survey for SuperNovae (ASAS-SN) pre-discovery limits on the nearby (d = 90.3 Mpc, z = 0.0206) tidal disruption event (TDE) ASASSN-14li. The late-time optical spectra show Hα emission well in excess of that seen in the SDSS host galaxy spectrum, indicating that the processes powering the luminous flares associated with TDEs can operate for several hundreds of days. The Swift observations reveal the presence of lingering apparently thermal UV (TUV ~ 3.5 ×more »« less
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The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. We present ground-based and Swift observations of iPTF16fnl, a likely tidal disruption event (TDE) discovered by the intermediate Palomar Transient Factory (iPTF) survey at 66.6 Mpc. The light curve of the object peaked at an absolute mag M g = -17.2. The maximum bolometric luminosity (from optical and UV) was L p ≃ (1.0 ± 0.15) × 10 43 erg s -1 , an order of magnitude fainter than any other optical TDE discovered so far. The luminosity in the first 60 days is consistent with an exponential decay, with L ∝ emore »« less
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MID-INFRARED SELECTION OF ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI WITH THE WIDE-FIELD INFRARED SURVEY EXPLORER . I. CHARACTERIZING WISE -SELECTED ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI IN COSMOS
journal, June 2012

Further calibration of the Swift ultraviolet/optical telescope: Further calibration of the Swift UVOT
journal, June 2010

The tidal disruption event AT2017eqx: spectroscopic evolution from hydrogen rich to poor suggests an atmosphere and outflow
journal, July 2019

The Bowen fluorescence lines: overview and re-analysis of the observations
journal, April 1996

Multiband light curves of tidal disruption events: Tidal disruption events
journal, September 2010

A new class of flares from accreting supermassive black holes
journal, January 2019

The First Tidal Disruption Flare in ZTF: From Photometric Selection to Multi-wavelength Characterization
journal, February 2019

Black hole masses of tidal disruption event host galaxies
journal, July 2017

The host galaxies of active galactic nuclei
journal, December 2003

iPTF16fnl: A Faint and Fast Tidal Disruption Event in an E+A Galaxy
journal, July 2017

Revisiting Optical Tidal Disruption Events with iPTF16axa
journal, June 2017

Extreme Coronal line Emitters: Tidal Disruption of Stars by Massive Black Holes in Galactic Nuclei?
journal, March 2012

The tidal disruption of a star by a massive black hole
journal, November 1989

Variation of the spectrum of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 7603.
journal, December 1976

X-ray spectral properties of the AGN sample in the northern XMM-XXL field
journal, April 2016

Six months of multiwavelength follow-up of the tidal disruption candidate ASASSN-14li and implied TDE rates from ASAS-SN
journal, November 2015

Late-time UV Observations of Tidal Disruption Flares Reveal Unobscured, Compact Accretion Disks
journal, June 2019

X-Ray Brightening and UV Fading of Tidal Disruption Event ASASSN-15oi
journal, December 2017

Detailed Structural Decomposition of Galaxy Images
journal, July 2002

What Sets the Line Profiles in Tidal Disruption Events?
journal, March 2018

Insights into tidal disruption of stars from PS1-10jh
journal, October 2015

Black hole masses of tidal disruption event host galaxies II
journal, June 2019

AN ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRUM OF THE TIDAL DISRUPTION FLARE ASASSN-14li
journal, February 2016

Revisiting the Scaling Relations of Black hole Masses and host Galaxy Properties
journal, February 2013

A Possible Relativistic Jetted Outburst from a Massive Black Hole Fed by a Tidally Disrupted Star
journal, June 2011

A comparison between SALT/SAAO observations and kilonova models for AT 2017gfo: the first electromagnetic counterpart of a gravitational wave transient − GW170817
journal, December 2017

ASASSN-15oi: a rapidly evolving, luminous tidal disruption event at 216 Mpc
journal, September 2016

The relationship between infrared, optical, and ultraviolet extinction
journal, October 1989

A tidal disruption event in the nearby ultra-luminous infrared galaxy F01004-2237
journal, March 2017

The production of strong, broad He II emission after the tidal disruption of a main-sequence star by a supermassive black hole
journal, November 2013

Invited Review: The Ultraviolet and Optical Continuum Emission in Active Galactic Nuclei: The Status of Accretion Disks
journal, January 1999

The Leiden/Argentine/Bonn (LAB) Survey of Galactic HI: Final data release of the combined LDS and IAR surveys with improved stray-radiation corrections
journal, September 2005

Tidal disruption event demographics
journal, May 2016

The man Behind the Curtain: X-Rays Drive the uv Through nir Variability in the 2013 Active Galactic Nucleus Outburst in ngc 2617
journal, May 2014

AN ULTRA-DEEP NEAR-INFRARED SPECTRUM OF A COMPACT QUIESCENT GALAXY AT z = 2.2
journal, July 2009

PS16dtm: A Tidal Disruption Event in a Narrow-line Seyfert 1 Galaxy
journal, July 2017

Photometric calibration of the Swift ultraviolet/optical telescope: Photometric calibration of the Swift UVOT
journal, December 2007

Evidence for Large Temperature Fluctuations in Quasar Accretion Disks from Spectral Variability
journal, February 2014

Evidence for rapid disc formation and reprocessing in the X-ray bright tidal disruption event candidate AT 2018fyk
journal, July 2019

Observations of the Bowen fluorescence mechanism and charge transfer in planetary nebulae - II
journal, June 1993

Rapid “Turn-on” of Type-1 AGN in a Quiescent Early-type Galaxy SDSS1115+0544
journal, March 2019

Hydrodynamical Simulations to Determine the Feeding rate of Black Holes by the Tidal Disruption of Stars: the Importance of the Impact Parameter and Stellar Structure
journal, March 2013

Spectral variations of the nucleus of NGC 3516.
journal, November 1968

PS18kh: A New Tidal Disruption Event with a Non-axisymmetric Accretion Disk
journal, August 2019

Reverberation mapping of active galactic nuclei
journal, March 1993

Measuring Reddening with Sloan Digital sky Survey Stellar Spectra and Recalibrating sfd
journal, August 2011

GALEX catalogs of UV sources: statistical properties and sample science applications: hot white dwarfs in the Milky Way
journal, January 2011

Stellar population synthesis at the resolution of 2003
journal, October 2003

Slow-blue nuclear hypervariables in PanSTARRS-1
journal, August 2016

The He$\rm_{II}$ Fowler lines and the O$\rm_{III}$ and N$\rm_{III}$ Bowen fluorescence lines in the symbiotic nova RR Telescopii
journal, January 2007

The Excitation of the Permitted O III Nebular Lines
journal, February 1934

A search for changing-look AGN in the Grossan catalog
journal, September 2005

Hypercalibration: a Pan-Starrs1-Based Recalibration of the Sloan Digital sky Survey Photometry
journal, May 2016

The Broad Absorption Line Tidal Disruption Event iPTF15af: Optical and Ultraviolet Evolution
journal, March 2019

Star Formation in Galaxies Along the Hubble Sequence
journal, September 1998

The Tidal Disruption of Giant Stars and Their Contribution to the Flaring Supermassive Black hole Population
journal, September 2012

Swift J2058.4+0516: Discovery of a Possible Second Relativistic Tidal Disruption Flare?
journal, June 2012

A population of highly energetic transient events in the centres of active galaxies
journal, November 2017

Readout modes and automated operation of the Swift X-ray Telescope
conference, February 2004

The Swift Ultra-Violet/Optical Telescope
journal, October 2005

The Spectral Evolution of AT 2018dyb and the Presence of Metal Lines in Tidal Disruption Events
journal, December 2019

Second ROSAT all-sky survey (2RXS) source catalogue
journal, March 2016

The metallicities of the broad emission line regions in the nitrogen-loudest quasars
journal, January 2014

Spectral Variability of Quasars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. I. Wavelength Dependence
journal, November 2005

Relativistic jet activity from the tidal disruption of a star by a massive black hole
journal, August 2011

A Novel Double Imaging Camera (ANDICAM)
conference, March 2003

Discovery of Highly Blueshifted Broad Balmer and Metastable Helium Absorption Lines in a Tidal Disruption Event
journal, July 2019

A New Observational Upper Limit to the Low‐Redshift Ionizing Background Radiation
journal, November 2001

Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network
journal, September 2013

On the origin of 4640-4650 A emission in X-ray stars
journal, June 1975

Theoretical Modeling of Starburst Galaxies
journal, July 2001

BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey. V. X-Ray Properties of the Swift /BAT 70-month AGN Catalog
journal, December 2017

What the Optical Recombination Lines Can Tell Us about the Broad‐Line Regions of Active Galactic Nuclei
journal, May 2004

Systematic Uncertainties in Black hole Masses Determined from Single-Epoch Spectra
journal, February 2009

The NRAO VLA Sky Survey
journal, May 1998