Life Cycle Analysis of Decentralized Preprocessing Systems for Fast Pyrolysis Biorefineries with Blended Feedstocks in the Southeastern United States

Lan, Kai; Ou, Longwen; Park, Sunkyu; Kelley, Stephen S.; Yao, Yuan

doi:10.1002/ente.201900850

Title: Life Cycle Analysis of Decentralized Preprocessing Systems for Fast Pyrolysis Biorefineries with Blended Feedstocks in the Southeastern United States

Abstract

Blending biomass feedstock is a promising approach to mitigate supply chain risks that are common challenges for large-scale biomass utilization. Understanding the potential environmental benefits of biofuels produced from blended biomass and identifying driving parameters are critical for the supply chain design. Herein, a cradle-to-gate life cycle analysis model for fast pyrolysis biorefineries converting blended feedstocks (pine residues and switchgrass) with traditional centralized and alternative decentralized preprocessing sites, so-called depots, is explained. Different scenarios are developed to investigate the impacts of parameters such as feedstock blending ratios, biorefinery and depot capacities, preprocessing technologies, and allocation methods. The life-cycle energy consumption and global warming potential (GWP) of biofuel production with depots vary between 0.7–1.1 MJ MJ^-1 and 43.2–76.6 g CO2 eq. MJ^-1, respectively. The results are driven by biorefinery processes and depot preprocesses. A decentralized design reduces the energy consumption of the biorefinery but increases the overall life-cycle energy and GWP. Such increases can be significantly mitigated by increasing switchgrass content as the energy consumption at the depot is driven largely by the higher moisture content of pine feedstocks. Allocation methods also have a large impact on the results but do not change the major trends and overall conclusions.

Authors:

Lan, Kai ^[1]; Ou, Longwen ^[2]; Park, Sunkyu ^[1]; Kelley, Stephen S. ^[1];

^[1]

Department of Forest BiomaterialsNorth Carolina State University Campus Box 8005 Raleigh NC 27606 USA
Energy Systems DivisionArgonne National Laboratory 9700 South Cass Avenue Argonne IL 60565 USA

Publication Date:: 2019-09-03

Research Org.:: Consortium for Research on Renewable Industrial Materials, Seattle, WA (United States); Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Transportation Office. Bioenergy Technologies Office

OSTI Identifier:: 1615398

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1560262; OSTI ID: 1597385; OSTI ID: 1781046

Grant/Contract Number:: EE0006639; EE0002992

Resource Type:: Published Article

Journal Name:: Energy Technology

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Energy Technology Journal Volume: 8 Journal Issue: 11; Journal ID: ISSN 2194-4288

Publisher:: Wiley

Country of Publication:: Germany

Language:: English

Subject:: 09 BIOMASS FUELS; biorefineries; blended feedstocks; depots; fast pyrolysis; life cycle assessments; preprocessing sites

Citation Formats


                    Lan, Kai, Ou, Longwen, Park, Sunkyu, Kelley, Stephen S., and Yao, Yuan. Life Cycle Analysis of Decentralized Preprocessing Systems for Fast Pyrolysis Biorefineries with Blended Feedstocks in the Southeastern United States.  Germany: N. p., 2019. 
Web.  doi:10.1002/ente.201900850.

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                    Lan, Kai, Ou, Longwen, Park, Sunkyu, Kelley, Stephen S., & Yao, Yuan. Life Cycle Analysis of Decentralized Preprocessing Systems for Fast Pyrolysis Biorefineries with Blended Feedstocks in the Southeastern United States.  Germany.  https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.201900850

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                    Lan, Kai, Ou, Longwen, Park, Sunkyu, Kelley, Stephen S., and Yao, Yuan. Tue .  
"Life Cycle Analysis of Decentralized Preprocessing Systems for Fast Pyrolysis Biorefineries with Blended Feedstocks in the Southeastern United States".  Germany.  https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.201900850.

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@article{osti_1615398,

  title        = {Life Cycle Analysis of Decentralized Preprocessing Systems for Fast Pyrolysis Biorefineries with Blended Feedstocks in the Southeastern United States},

  author       = {Lan, Kai and Ou, Longwen and Park, Sunkyu and Kelley, Stephen S. and Yao, Yuan},

  abstractNote = {Blending biomass feedstock is a promising approach to mitigate supply chain risks that are common challenges for large-scale biomass utilization. Understanding the potential environmental benefits of biofuels produced from blended biomass and identifying driving parameters are critical for the supply chain design. Herein, a cradle-to-gate life cycle analysis model for fast pyrolysis biorefineries converting blended feedstocks (pine residues and switchgrass) with traditional centralized and alternative decentralized preprocessing sites, so-called depots, is explained. Different scenarios are developed to investigate the impacts of parameters such as feedstock blending ratios, biorefinery and depot capacities, preprocessing technologies, and allocation methods. The life-cycle energy consumption and global warming potential (GWP) of biofuel production with depots vary between 0.7–1.1 MJ MJ-1 and 43.2–76.6 g CO2 eq. MJ-1, respectively. The results are driven by biorefinery processes and depot preprocesses. A decentralized design reduces the energy consumption of the biorefinery but increases the overall life-cycle energy and GWP. Such increases can be significantly mitigated by increasing switchgrass content as the energy consumption at the depot is driven largely by the higher moisture content of pine feedstocks. Allocation methods also have a large impact on the results but do not change the major trends and overall conclusions.},

  doi          = {10.1002/ente.201900850},

  journal      = {Energy Technology},

  number       = 11,

  volume       = 8,

  place        = {Germany},

  year         = {2019},

  month        = {9}

}

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Title: Life Cycle Analysis of Decentralized Preprocessing Systems for Fast Pyrolysis Biorefineries with Blended Feedstocks in the Southeastern United States

Abstract

Citation Formats

Energy- and greenhouse gas-based LCA of biofuel and bioenergy systems: Key issues, ranges and recommendations journal, June 2009

The contribution of agricultural lime to carbon dioxide emissions in the United States: dissolution, transport, and net emissions journal, June 2005

Life cycle energy and CO2 emission optimization for biofuel supply chain planning under uncertainties journal, May 2016

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Efficiency of Different Machine Layouts for Chain Flail Delimbing, Debarking and Chipping journal, February 2019

Fast pyrolysis processes for biomass journal, March 2000

A life cycle assessment comparison between centralized and decentralized biodiesel production from raw sunflower oil and waste cooking oils journal, December 2012

Life cycle assessment of switchgrass-derived ethanol as transport fuel journal, March 2010

Agent-based life cycle assessment for switchgrass-based bioenergy systems journal, October 2015

Life cycle assessment of electricity generation using fast pyrolysis bio-oil journal, February 2011

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of the biofuel production process from sunflower oil, rapeseed oil and soybean oil journal, February 2011

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The international logistics of wood pellets for heating and power production in Europe: Costs, energy-input and greenhouse gas balances of pellet consumption in Italy, Sweden and the Netherlands journal, March 2010

Moving second generation biofuel manufacturing forward: Investigating economic viability and environmental sustainability considering two strategies for supply chain restructuring journal, May 2019

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Fossil fuel carbon emissions from silviculture: Impacts on net carbon sequestration in forests journal, December 2006

Accumulation and decay of woody detritus in a humid subtropical secondary pine forest journal, February 2013

Impacts of feedstock properties on the process economics of fast-pyrolysis biorefineries: Understanding how feedstock properties affect process economics journal, February 2018

Understanding biomass feedstock variability journal, January 2013

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Life Cycle Optimization of Biomass-to-Liquid Supply Chains with Distributed–Centralized Processing Networks journal, September 2011

Chemical preconversion: application of low-severity pretreatment chemistries for commoditization of lignocellulosic feedstock journal, May 2013

LCA of a biorefinery concept producing bioethanol, bioenergy, and chemicals from switchgrass journal, October 2009

Life-Cycle Assessment of Bioethanol from Pine Residues via Indirect Biomass Gasification to Mixed Alcohols* journal, July 2012

Technoeconomic Analysis of a Hybrid Biomass Thermochemical and Electrochemical Conversion System journal, November 2017

Blended Feedstocks for Thermochemical Conversion: Biomass Characterization and Bio-Oil Production From Switchgrass-Pine Residues Blends journal, August 2018

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Modelling the performance of a cross-flow grain drier journal, May 1987

Emerging role of Geographical Information System (GIS), Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and spatial LCA (GIS-LCA) in sustainable bioenergy planning journal, October 2017

Proportion of above-ground biomass in commercial logs and residues following the harvest of five commercial forest species in Australia journal, July 2008

Environmental life cycle assessment of bio-fuel production via fast pyrolysis of corn stover and hydroprocessing journal, September 2014

Energy consumption and GHG emissions of six biofuel pathways by LCA in (the) People’s Republic of China journal, November 2009

A comment on the optimal sizing of a biomass utilization facility under constant and variable cost scaling journal, January 1997

Spatially Explicit Life Cycle Assessment: Opportunities and challenges of wastewater-based algal biofuels in the United States journal, June 2017

Spatial and temporal quantification of forest residue volumes and delivered costs journal, June 2016

Effect of Harvesting Time and Moisture Content on Energy Consumption of Compressing Switchgrass journal, January 2014

Production of Hydrocarbon Fuel Using Two-Step Torrefaction and Fast Pyrolysis of Pine. Part 2: Life-Cycle Carbon Footprint journal, May 2017

Catalytic Dry Reforming for Biomass-Based Fuels Processing: Progress and Future Perspectives journal, June 2016

Life-Cycle Assessment of Biodiesel Production from Microalgae journal, September 2009

Techno-economic analysis of decentralized biomass processing depots journal, October 2015

Switchgrass as an alternate feedstock for power generation: an integrated environmental, energy and economic life-cycle assessment journal, September 2006

Energy and Emission Benefits of Alternative Transportation Liquid Fuels Derived from Switchgrass: A Fuel Life Cycle Assessment journal, August 2006

Energy- and greenhouse gas-based LCA of biofuel and bioenergy systems: Key issues, ranges and recommendations
journal, June 2009

The contribution of agricultural lime to carbon dioxide emissions in the United States: dissolution, transport, and net emissions
journal, June 2005

Life cycle energy and CO2 emission optimization for biofuel supply chain planning under uncertainties
journal, May 2016

Slash Pile Burning Effects on Soil Biotic and Chemical Properties and Plant Establishment: Recommendations for Amelioration
journal, March 2004

The ecoinvent database version 3 (part I): overview and methodology
journal, April 2016

Waste To Wisdom: Utilizing Forest Residues for the Production of Bioenergy and Biobased Products
journal, January 2018

Determining a geographic high resolution supply chain network for a large scale biofuel industry
journal, May 2018

Efficiency of Different Machine Layouts for Chain Flail Delimbing, Debarking and Chipping
journal, February 2019

Fast pyrolysis processes for biomass
journal, March 2000

A life cycle assessment comparison between centralized and decentralized biodiesel production from raw sunflower oil and waste cooking oils
journal, December 2012

Life cycle assessment of switchgrass-derived ethanol as transport fuel
journal, March 2010

Agent-based life cycle assessment for switchgrass-based bioenergy systems
journal, October 2015

Life cycle assessment of electricity generation using fast pyrolysis bio-oil
journal, February 2011

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of the biofuel production process from sunflower oil, rapeseed oil and soybean oil
journal, February 2011

Life cycle assessment of gasoline and diesel produced via fast pyrolysis and hydroprocessing
journal, October 2012

The international logistics of wood pellets for heating and power production in Europe: Costs, energy-input and greenhouse gas balances of pellet consumption in Italy, Sweden and the Netherlands
journal, March 2010

Moving second generation biofuel manufacturing forward: Investigating economic viability and environmental sustainability considering two strategies for supply chain restructuring
journal, May 2019

Life cycle assessment of transportation fuels from biomass pyrolysis
journal, July 2012

Thermodynamics and LCA analysis of biomass supercritical water gasification system using external recycle of liquid residual
journal, October 2019

Fossil fuel carbon emissions from silviculture: Impacts on net carbon sequestration in forests
journal, December 2006

Accumulation and decay of woody detritus in a humid subtropical secondary pine forest
journal, February 2013

Impacts of feedstock properties on the process economics of fast-pyrolysis biorefineries: Understanding how feedstock properties affect process economics
journal, February 2018

Understanding biomass feedstock variability
journal, January 2013

Methods to Reduce Forest Residue Volume after Timber Harvesting and Produce Black Carbon
journal, January 2017

Life Cycle Optimization of Biomass-to-Liquid Supply Chains with Distributed–Centralized Processing Networks
journal, September 2011

Chemical preconversion: application of low-severity pretreatment chemistries for commoditization of lignocellulosic feedstock
journal, May 2013

LCA of a biorefinery concept producing bioethanol, bioenergy, and chemicals from switchgrass
journal, October 2009

Life-Cycle Assessment of Bioethanol from Pine Residues via Indirect Biomass Gasification to Mixed Alcohols*
journal, July 2012

Technoeconomic Analysis of a Hybrid Biomass Thermochemical and Electrochemical Conversion System
journal, November 2017

Blended Feedstocks for Thermochemical Conversion: Biomass Characterization and Bio-Oil Production From Switchgrass-Pine Residues Blends
journal, August 2018

LCA of second generation bioethanol: A review and some issues to be resolved for good LCA practice
journal, September 2012

A review of biomass densification systems to develop uniform feedstock commodities for bioenergy application
journal, October 2011

Life cycle analysis of fuel production from fast pyrolysis of biomass
journal, April 2013

Development of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) as a bioenergy feedstock in the United States
journal, June 2005

An optimisation framework for a hybrid first/second generation bioethanol supply chain
journal, July 2012

Scaling and Learning Effects of Biofuels Conversion Technologies
journal, May 2014

Switchgrass production for the upper southeastern USA: Influence of cultivar and cutting frequency on biomass yields
journal, March 2006

Environmental life cycle impacts of cellulosic ethanol in the Southern U.S. produced from loblolly pine, eucalyptus, unmanaged hardwoods, forest residues, and switchgrass using a thermochemical conversion pathway
journal, October 2015

Life cycle assessment (LCA) for biofuels in Brazilian conditions: A meta-analysis
journal, September 2014

Modelling the performance of a cross-flow grain drier
journal, May 1987

Emerging role of Geographical Information System (GIS), Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and spatial LCA (GIS-LCA) in sustainable bioenergy planning
journal, October 2017

Proportion of above-ground biomass in commercial logs and residues following the harvest of five commercial forest species in Australia
journal, July 2008

Environmental life cycle assessment of bio-fuel production via fast pyrolysis of corn stover and hydroprocessing
journal, September 2014

Energy consumption and GHG emissions of six biofuel pathways by LCA in (the) People’s Republic of China
journal, November 2009

A comment on the optimal sizing of a biomass utilization facility under constant and variable cost scaling
journal, January 1997

Spatially Explicit Life Cycle Assessment: Opportunities and challenges of wastewater-based algal biofuels in the United States
journal, June 2017

Spatial and temporal quantification of forest residue volumes and delivered costs
journal, June 2016

Effect of Harvesting Time and Moisture Content on Energy Consumption of Compressing Switchgrass
journal, January 2014

Production of Hydrocarbon Fuel Using Two-Step Torrefaction and Fast Pyrolysis of Pine. Part 2: Life-Cycle Carbon Footprint
journal, May 2017

Catalytic Dry Reforming for Biomass-Based Fuels Processing: Progress and Future Perspectives
journal, June 2016

Life-Cycle Assessment of Biodiesel Production from Microalgae
journal, September 2009

Techno-economic analysis of decentralized biomass processing depots
journal, October 2015

Switchgrass as an alternate feedstock for power generation: an integrated environmental, energy and economic life-cycle assessment
journal, September 2006

Energy and Emission Benefits of Alternative Transportation Liquid Fuels Derived from Switchgrass: A Fuel Life Cycle Assessment
journal, August 2006