Valley Polarization and Inversion in Strained Graphene via Pseudo-Landau Levels, Valley Splitting of Real Landau Levels, and Confined States

Li, Si-Yu; Su, Ying; Ren, Ya-Ning; He, Lin

doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.106802

Title: Valley Polarization and Inversion in Strained Graphene via Pseudo-Landau Levels, Valley Splitting of Real Landau Levels, and Confined States

Journal Article · 09 March 2020 · Physical Review Letters

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.106802 · OSTI ID:1614834

Li, Si-Yu ^[1];

^[2]; Ren, Ya-Ning ^[1];

^[3]

Beijing Normal Univ. (China)
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Beijing Normal Univ. (China); Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai (China)

It is quite easy to control spin polarization and the spin direction of a system via magnetic fields. However, there is no such direct and efficient way to manipulate the valley pseudospin degree of freedom. Here, we demonstrate experimentally that it is possible to realize valley polarization and valley inversion in graphene by using both strain-induced pseudomagnetic fields and real magnetic fields. Pseudomagnetic fields, which are quite different from real magnetic fields, point in opposite directions at the two distinct valleys of graphene. Therefore, the coexistence of pseudomagnetic fields and real magnetic fields leads to imbalanced effective magnetic fields at two distinct valleys of graphene. This allows us to control the valley in graphene as conveniently as the electron spin. In this work, we report a consistent observation of valley polarization and inversion in strained graphene via pseudo-Landau levels, splitting of real Landau levels, and valley splitting of confined states using scanning tunneling spectroscopy. Finally our results highlight a pathway to valleytronics in strained graphene-based platforms.

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Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSFC); USDOE; USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001

OSTI ID:: 1614834

Report Number(s):: LA-UR--19-21456

Journal Information:: Physical Review Letters, Journal Name: Physical Review Letters Journal Issue: 10 Vol. 124; ISSN 0031-9007; ISSN PRLTAO

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: Valley Polarization and Inversion in Strained Graphene via Pseudo-Landau Levels, Valley Splitting of Real Landau Levels, and Confined States

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