Laser-Plasma Spatiotemporal Cyanide Spectroscopy and Applications

Parigger, Christian G.; Helstern, Christopher M.; Jordan, Benjamin S.; Surmick, David M.; Splinter, Robert

doi:10.3390/molecules25030615

Title: Laser-Plasma Spatiotemporal Cyanide Spectroscopy and Applications

Journal Article · 31 January 2020 · Molecules

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25030615 · OSTI ID:1614762

^[1]; Helstern, Christopher M. ^[1]; Jordan, Benjamin S. ^[2];

^[3];

^[4]

Univ. of Tennessee Space Inst. (UTSI), Tullahoma, TN (United States)
Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
Univ. of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA (United States)
Wellinq Medical (The Netherlands)

This article reports new measurements of laser-induced plasma hypersonic expansion measurements of diatomic molecular cyanide (CN). Focused, high-peak-power 1064 nm Q-switched radiation of the order of 1 TW/cm ² generated optical breakdown plasma in a cell containing a 1:1 molar gas mixture of N ₂ and CO ₂ at a fixed pressure of 1.1 × 10 ⁵ Pascal and in a 100 mL/min flow of the mixture. Line-of-sight (LOS) analysis of recorded molecular spectra indicated the outgoing shockwave at expansion speeds well in excess of Mach 5. Spectra of atomic carbon confirmed increased electron density near the shockwave, and, equally, molecular CN spectra revealed higher excitation temperature near the shockwave. Results were consistent with corresponding high-speed shadowgraphs obtained by visualization with an effective shutter speed of 5 nanoseconds. In addition, LOS analysis and the application of integral inversion techniques allow inferences about the spatiotemporal plasma distribution.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States). Nuclear Science and Security Consortium

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), Office of Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation

Grant/Contract Number:: NA0003180

OSTI ID:: 1614762

Journal Information:: Molecules, Vol. 25, Issue 3; ISSN 1420-3049

Publisher:: MDPICopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cyanide-Free and Broadly Applicable Enantioselective Synthetic Platform for Chiral Nitriles through a Biocatalytic Approach Betke, Tobias; Rommelmann, Philipp; Oike, Keiko Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 56, Issue 40 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201702952	journal	August 2017
Cyanide-free Enantioselective Synthesis of Nitriles: Synthetic Proof of a Biocatalytic Concept and Mechanistic Insights Metzner, Richard; Okazaki, Seiji; Asano, Yasuhisa ChemCatChem, Vol. 6, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201402612	journal	October 2014
Emissions of hydrogen cyanide from on-road gasoline and diesel vehicles Moussa, Samar G.; Leithead, Amy; Li, Shao-Meng Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 131 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.01.050	journal	April 2016
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The oxidation of hydrogen cyanide and related chemistry Dagaut, P.; Glarborg, P.; Alzueta, M. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, Vol. 34, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2007.02.004	journal	February 2008
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Ammonia, nitrous oxide and hydrogen cyanide emissions from five passenger vehicles Karlsson, Hua Lu Science of The Total Environment, Vol. 334-335 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.04.061	journal	December 2004
An integrated biological approach for treatment of cyanidation wastewater Mekuto, Lukhanyo; Ntwampe, S. K. O.; Akcil, Ata Science of The Total Environment, Vol. 571 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.040	journal	November 2016
Precious metal recovery from waste printed circuit boards using cyanide and non-cyanide lixiviants – A review Akcil, Ata; Erust, Ceren; Gahan, Chandra Sekhar Waste Management, Vol. 45 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2015.01.017	journal	November 2015
Approaching Bulk Chemical Nitriles from Alkenes: A Hydrogen Cyanide-Free Approach through a Combination of Hydroformylation and Biocatalysis Plass, Carmen; Hinzmann, Alessa; Terhorst, Michael ACS Catalysis, Vol. 9, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.8b05062	journal	March 2019
Hydrogen Cyanide Exhaust Emissions from In-Use Motor Vehicles Baum, Marc M.; Moss, John A.; Pastel, Stephen H. Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 41, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/es061402v	journal	February 2007
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A New Method for Numerical Abel-Inversion Pretzier, Georg Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A, Vol. 46, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1515/zna-1991-0715	journal	July 1991

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Title: Laser-Plasma Spatiotemporal Cyanide Spectroscopy and Applications

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