Strain-induced majority carrier inversion in ferromagnetic epitaxial LaCoO3-δ thin films

Chaturvedi, Vipul; Walter, Jeff; Paul, Arpita; Grutter, Alexander; Kirby, Brian; Jeong, Jong Seok; Zhou, Hua; Zhang, Zhan; Yu, Biqiong; Greven, Martin; Mkhoyan, K. Andre; Birol, Turan; Leighton, Chris

doi:10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.4.034403

Title: Strain-induced majority carrier inversion in ferromagnetic epitaxial $LaCo O_{3 - δ}$ thin films

Abstract

Tensile-strained LaCoO_3-δ thin films are ferromagnetic, in sharp contrast to the zero-spin bulk, although no clear consensus has emerged as to the origin of this phenomenon. While magnetism has been heavily studied, relatively little attention has been paid to electronic transport, due to the insulating nature of the strain-stabilized ferromagnetic state. Here, structure, magnetism, and transport are studied in epitaxial LaCoO_3-δ films (10–22-nm thick) on various substrates (from 1.4% compressive to 2.5% tensile strain), using synchrotron x-ray diffraction, scanning probe and transmission electron microscopy, magnetometry, polarized neutron reflectometry, resistivity, and Hall effect. High quality, smooth films are obtained, exhibiting superstructures associated with both oxygen vacancy ordering and periodic in-plane ferroelastic domains. Consistent with prior work, ferromagnetism with an approximately 80–85 K Curie temperature is observed under tension; polarized neutron reflectometry confirms a relatively uniform magnetization depth profile, albeit with interfacial dead layer formation. Electrical transport is found to have similar semiconducting nature to bulk, but with reduced resistivity and activation energy. Hall effect measurements, however, reveal a striking inversion of the majority carrier type, from p-type in the bulk and under compression to n-type under tension. While thus far overlooked, ferromagnetism in epitaxial LaCoO_3-δ films is thus directly correlated withmore »« less

Authors:

Chaturvedi, Vipul ^[1]; Walter, Jeff ^[2]; Paul, Arpita ^[1];

^[3]; Kirby, Brian ^[3]; Jeong, Jong Seok ^[1]; Zhou, Hua ^[4]; Zhang, Zhan ^[4]; Yu, Biqiong ^[1]; Greven, Martin ^[1]; Mkhoyan, K. Andre ^[1];

^[1];

^[1]

Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (United States)
Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (United States); Augsburg Univ., Minneapolis, MN (United States)
National Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD (United States)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States)

Publication Date:: Wed Mar 04 00:00:00 EST 2020

Research Org.:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); National Science Foundation (NSF)

OSTI Identifier:: 1614758

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1603210

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357; DMR-1420013; SC0016371

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Physical Review Materials

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 4; Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 2475-9953

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE

Citation Formats


                    Chaturvedi, Vipul, Walter, Jeff, Paul, Arpita, Grutter, Alexander, Kirby, Brian, Jeong, Jong Seok, Zhou, Hua, Zhang, Zhan, Yu, Biqiong, Greven, Martin, Mkhoyan, K. Andre, Birol, Turan, and Leighton, Chris. Strain-induced majority carrier inversion in ferromagnetic epitaxial LaCoO3-δ thin films.  United States: N. p., 2020. 
Web.  doi:10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.4.034403.

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                    Chaturvedi, Vipul, Walter, Jeff, Paul, Arpita, Grutter, Alexander, Kirby, Brian, Jeong, Jong Seok, Zhou, Hua, Zhang, Zhan, Yu, Biqiong, Greven, Martin, Mkhoyan, K. Andre, Birol, Turan, & Leighton, Chris. Strain-induced majority carrier inversion in ferromagnetic epitaxial LaCoO3-δ thin films.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.4.034403

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                    Chaturvedi, Vipul, Walter, Jeff, Paul, Arpita, Grutter, Alexander, Kirby, Brian, Jeong, Jong Seok, Zhou, Hua, Zhang, Zhan, Yu, Biqiong, Greven, Martin, Mkhoyan, K. Andre, Birol, Turan, and Leighton, Chris. Wed .  
"Strain-induced majority carrier inversion in ferromagnetic epitaxial LaCoO3-δ thin films".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.4.034403.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1614758.

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@article{osti_1614758,

  title        = {Strain-induced majority carrier inversion in ferromagnetic epitaxial LaCoO3-δ thin films},

  author       = {Chaturvedi, Vipul and Walter, Jeff and Paul, Arpita and Grutter, Alexander and Kirby, Brian and Jeong, Jong Seok and Zhou, Hua and Zhang, Zhan and Yu, Biqiong and Greven, Martin and Mkhoyan, K. Andre and Birol, Turan and Leighton, Chris},

  abstractNote = {Tensile-strained LaCoO3-δ thin films are ferromagnetic, in sharp contrast to the zero-spin bulk, although no clear consensus has emerged as to the origin of this phenomenon. While magnetism has been heavily studied, relatively little attention has been paid to electronic transport, due to the insulating nature of the strain-stabilized ferromagnetic state. Here, structure, magnetism, and transport are studied in epitaxial LaCoO3-δ films (10–22-nm thick) on various substrates (from 1.4% compressive to 2.5% tensile strain), using synchrotron x-ray diffraction, scanning probe and transmission electron microscopy, magnetometry, polarized neutron reflectometry, resistivity, and Hall effect. High quality, smooth films are obtained, exhibiting superstructures associated with both oxygen vacancy ordering and periodic in-plane ferroelastic domains. Consistent with prior work, ferromagnetism with an approximately 80–85 K Curie temperature is observed under tension; polarized neutron reflectometry confirms a relatively uniform magnetization depth profile, albeit with interfacial dead layer formation. Electrical transport is found to have similar semiconducting nature to bulk, but with reduced resistivity and activation energy. Hall effect measurements, however, reveal a striking inversion of the majority carrier type, from p-type in the bulk and under compression to n-type under tension. While thus far overlooked, ferromagnetism in epitaxial LaCoO3-δ films is thus directly correlated with n-type behavior, providing important insight into the ferromagnetic state in this system. Here, aided by density functional theory calculations, these results are interpreted in terms of tensile-strain-induced orbital occupation and band structure changes, including a rapid decrease in effective mass at the eg-derived conduction band minimum, and corresponding increase at the valence band maximum.},

  doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.4.034403},

  journal      = {Physical Review Materials},

  number       = 3,

  volume       = 4,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Wed Mar 04 00:00:00 EST 2020},

  month        = {Wed Mar 04 00:00:00 EST 2020}

}

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Data files of work on LaCoO3 using VASP
dataset, January 2020

Paul, Arpita; Birol, Turan
Data Repository for the University of Minnesota (DRUM)
DOI: 10.13020/nq7t-z663

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Switchable orbital polarization and magnetization in strained $LaCo O_{3}$ films

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Strain engineering of epitaxial heterostructures offers opportunities to control the orbital degree of freedom by lifting the degeneracy of e_g states. In this work, we show that the orbital occupation in LaCoO₃ (LCO) films can be switched between two degenerate e_g bands with epitaxial strain. The orbital polarization of nearly -100% (or 100%) is controlled by depleting occupation of the d_x2-y2 (or d(_3z2-r2) orbital entirely in LCO for large compressive (or moderate tensile) strain. The change of electronic configuration associated with the spin-state transition modulates the magnetization of strained LCO films. Under compressive strain, LCO films exhibit a small magnetizationmore »« less
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Ferromagnetic insulators have great potential for spintronic applications. For such applications, it is essential to find materials with a robust and controllable ferromagnetic insulating phase. Yet, because ferromagnetism in functional transition-metal oxides is usually coupled to metallicity, ferromagnetic insulators are very rare and independent control of their magnetic and electrical properties is difficult. In this study, the electrical, magnetic, and optical properties of (LaCoO₃)_n/(SrCoO_2.5)_n superlattice films are investigated for the manipulation of the ferromagnetic insulating phase. While the superlattices remain insulating irrespective of the periodicity n, the electronic structure and magnetic state vary drastically. Superlattices with large periodicities n ofmore »« less
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Ionic-liquid/gel-based transistors have emerged as a potentially ideal means to accumulate high charge-carrier densities at the surfaces of materials such as oxides, enabling control over electronic phase transitions. Substantial gaps remain in the understanding of gating mechanisms, however, particularly with respect to charge carrier vs oxygen defect creation, one contributing factor being the dearth of experimental probes beyond electronic transport. Here we demonstrate the use of synchrotron hard x-ray diffraction and polarized neutron reflectometry as in operando probes of ion-gel transistors based on ferromagnetic La_0.5Sr_0.5CoO_3-δ. An asymmetric gate-bias response is confirmed to derive from electrostatic hole accumulation at negative gatemore »« less
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Epitaxial thin films of the substitutionally alloyed half-Heusler series CoTi_1-xFe_xSb were grown by molecular beam epitaxy on InAlAs/InP(001) substrates for concentrations 0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0. The influence of Fe on the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties was studied and compared to that expected from density functional theory. The films are epitaxial and single crystalline, as measured by reflection high-energy electron diffraction and X-ray diffraction. Using in-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, only small changes in the valence band are detected for x ≤ 0.5. For films with x ≥ 0.05, ferromagnetism is observed in SQUID magnetometry with a saturation magnetization thatmore »« less
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Title: Strain-induced majority carrier inversion in ferromagnetic epitaxial LaCo O 3 - δ thin films

Abstract

Citation Formats

Local atomic and electronic structures of epitaxial strained LaCoO 3 thin films journal, January 2012

Low-temperature interactions of magnetic excitons in LaCoO 3 journal, May 2009

Structural Parameters of LaCoO 3 near the Spin State Transition journal, November 2001

Maximally localized Wannier functions: Theory and applications journal, October 2012

Electrostatic versus Electrochemical Doping and Control of Ferromagnetism in Ion-Gel-Gated Ultrathin La 0.5 Sr 0.5 CoO 3−δ journal, July 2016

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Neutron powder diffraction study of rhombohedral rare-earth aluminates and the rhombohedral to cubic phase transition journal, December 1999

Evidence for a low-spin to intermediate-spin state transition in LaCoO 3 journal, June 2002

Heat capacity study of magnetoelectronic phase separation in La 1 − x Sr x CoO 3 single crystals journal, December 2009

Lattice mismatch accommodation via oxygen vacancy ordering in epitaxial La 0.5 Sr 0.5 CoO 3-δ thin films journal, July 2013

wannier90: A tool for obtaining maximally-localised Wannier functions journal, May 2008

Suppression of the ferromagnetic state in LaCoO 3 films by rhombohedral distortion journal, January 2009

Spin-State Transition in LaCoO 3 : Direct Neutron Spectroscopic Evidence of Excited Magnetic States journal, December 2006

From ultrasoft pseudopotentials to the projector augmented-wave method journal, January 1999

Strain-sensitive spin-state ordering in thin films of perovskite LaCoO 3 journal, November 2015

Quantifying octahedral rotations in strained perovskite oxide films journal, July 2010

Electron-energy-loss spectra and the structural stability of nickel oxide: An LSDA+U study journal, January 1998

Neutron-scattering-based evidence for interacting magnetic excitons in LaCo O 3 journal, August 2015

Strongly correlated crystal-field approach to Mott insulator journal, April 2005

Phase separation and resistivity jumps in Co compounds and other materials with low-spin - high-spin transitions journal, July 1996

Electronic Properties of Doped Semiconductors book, January 1984

Impact of stress on oxygen vacancy ordering in epitaxial (La0.5Sr0.5)CoO3−∂ thin films journal, May 2003

5 D term origin of the excited triplet in LaCoO 3 journal, May 2003

Potential resolution to the doping puzzle in iron pyrite: Carrier type determination by Hall effect and thermopower journal, June 2017

Ferromagnetic insulating state in tensile-strained LaCoO 3 thin films from LDA + U calculations journal, April 2012

Long-range ferromagnetic order in LaCoO 3 − δ epitaxial films due to the interplay of epitaxial strain and oxygen vacancy ordering journal, April 2015

Ferromagnetism in La Co O 3 journal, July 2004

Structural effects on the spin-state transition in epitaxially strained LaCoO 3 films journal, February 2009

Phase-sensitive specular neutron reflectometry for imaging the nanometer scale composition depth profile of thin-film materials journal, February 2012

Tensile-Strain-Dependent Spin States in Epitaxial LaCoO 3 Thin Films journal, May 2018

Strain-Induced Spin States in Atomically Ordered Cobaltites journal, January 2012

Magnetic Oxide Heterostructures journal, July 2014

Ferromagnetic spin-correlations in strained LaCoO3 thin films journal, November 2008

Correlated Oxide Physics and Electronics journal, July 2014

Exploiting Symmetry Mismatch to Control Magnetism in a Ferroelastic Heterostructure journal, May 2019

Hall effect and impurity conduction in substitutionally doped amorphous silicon journal, May 1977

Nanoscale ferroelastic twins formed in strained LaCoO 3 films journal, March 2019

Temperature-induced magnetism in LaCoO 3 journal, December 1989

Room-temperature ferroelectricity in strained SrTiO3 journal, August 2004

Whither Oxide Electronics? journal, November 2008

Role of entropy and structural parameters in the spin-state transition of LaCoO 3 journal, November 2017

Neutron-scattering study of the spin-state transition and magnetic correlations in La 1 − x Sr x CoO 3 ( x =0 and 0.08) journal, August 1994

Strain-driven magnetism in LaCoO 3 thin films journal, January 2009

Formation and Thickness Evolution of Periodic Twin Domains in Manganite Films Grown on SrTiO 3 ( 001 ) Substrates journal, February 2007

Simple ways of determining perovskite structures journal, November 1975

Metal-insulator transitions journal, October 1998

First-Order Localized-Electron ⇆ Collective-Electron Transition in LaCo O 3 journal, March 1967

Observation of magnetic excitons in LaCoO 3 journal, June 2005

Nanoscale Spin-State Ordering in LaCoO 3 Epitaxial Thin Films journal, April 2014

Spin-state transition and high-spin polarons in LaCo O 3 journal, February 1996

Insulating Ferromagnetic LaCoO 3 − δ Films: A Phase Induced by Ordering of Oxygen Vacancies journal, February 2014

X-ray absorption and magnetic circular dichroism of LaCoO 3 , La 0.7 Ce 0.3 CoO 3 , and La 0.7 Sr 0.3 CoO 3 films: Evidence for cobalt-valence-dependent magnetism journal, November 2010

A strong ferroelectric ferromagnet created by means of spin–lattice coupling journal, August 2010

Intermediate-spin state and properties of LaCoO 3 journal, August 1996

Local lattice distortion during the spin-state transition in LaCoO 3 journal, April 1997

Restoring the Density-Gradient Expansion for Exchange in Solids and Surfaces journal, April 2008

Thermally excited spin-disorder contribution to the resistivity of LaCoO 3 journal, June 2002

Rhombohedral distortion effects on electronic structure of LaCoO 3 journal, May 2013

Suppression of spin-state transition in epitaxially strained LaCoO 3 journal, November 2008

Strain-driven spin-state transition and superexchange interaction in LaCoO 3 : A b initio study journal, July 2012

Tuning the magnetic properties of La Co O 3 thin films by epitaxial strain journal, January 2008

Emergent phenomena at oxide interfaces journal, January 2012

Thermally induced insulator-metal transition in LaCoO 3 : A view based on the Mott transition journal, July 1998

Whither the oxide interface journal, January 2012

Direct Measurement of the Low-Temperature Spin-State Transition in LaCoO 3 journal, July 2007

Ion-gel-gating-induced oxygen vacancy formation in epitaxial L a 0.5 S r 0.5 Co O 3 − δ films from in operando x-ray and neutron scattering journal, December 2017

Microscopic evidence of a strain-enhanced ferromagnetic state in LaCoO3 thin films journal, August 2009

Glassy ferromagnetism and magnetic phase separation in La 1 − x Sr x CoO 3 journal, May 2003

Spin-Orbital Superstructure in Strained Ferrimagnetic Perovskite Cobalt Oxide journal, July 2013

Doping dependence of the anomalous Hall effect in La 1 − x Sr x Co O 3 journal, May 2006

Chemically Driven Nanoscopic Magnetic Phase Separation at the SrTiO3(001)/La1-xSrxCoO3 Interface journal, April 2011

Electrical transport properties of La 1− x Sr x CoO 3 thin films journal, October 2016

Epitaxial Strain-Induced Chemical Ordering in La 0.5 Sr 0.5 CoO 3−δ Films on SrTiO 3 journal, February 2011

Ferromagnetic order in epitaxially strained La Co O 3 thin films journal, April 2007

Hall conductivity of amorphous semiconductors in the random phase model journal, November 1971

Structural phenomena associated with the spin-state transition in LaCoO 3 journal, September 2002

The unusual magnetism of nanoparticle LaCoO 3 journal, April 2015

Title: Strain-induced majority carrier inversion in ferromagnetic epitaxial $LaCo O_{3 - δ}$ thin films

Local atomic and electronic structures of epitaxial strained LaCoO $_{3}$ thin films
journal, January 2012

Low-temperature interactions of magnetic excitons in ${LaCoO}_{3}$
journal, May 2009

Structural Parameters of LaCoO ₃ near the Spin State Transition
journal, November 2001

Maximally localized Wannier functions: Theory and applications
journal, October 2012

Electrostatic versus Electrochemical Doping and Control of Ferromagnetism in Ion-Gel-Gated Ultrathin La _0.5 Sr _0.5 CoO _3−δ
journal, July 2016

Spin State Transition in ${LaCoO}_{3}$ Studied Using Soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and Magnetic Circular Dichroism
journal, October 2006

Neutron powder diffraction study of rhombohedral rare-earth aluminates and the rhombohedral to cubic phase transition
journal, December 1999

Evidence for a low-spin to intermediate-spin state transition in ${LaCoO}_{3}$
journal, June 2002

Heat capacity study of magnetoelectronic phase separation in ${La}_{1 - x} {Sr}_{x} {CoO}_{3}$ single crystals
journal, December 2009

Lattice mismatch accommodation via oxygen vacancy ordering in epitaxial La _0.5 Sr _0.5 CoO _3-δ thin films
journal, July 2013

wannier90: A tool for obtaining maximally-localised Wannier functions
journal, May 2008

Suppression of the ferromagnetic state in ${LaCoO}_{3}$ films by rhombohedral distortion
journal, January 2009

Spin-State Transition in ${LaCoO}_{3}$ : Direct Neutron Spectroscopic Evidence of Excited Magnetic States
journal, December 2006

From ultrasoft pseudopotentials to the projector augmented-wave method
journal, January 1999

Strain-sensitive spin-state ordering in thin films of perovskite ${LaCoO}_{3}$
journal, November 2015

Quantifying octahedral rotations in strained perovskite oxide films
journal, July 2010

Electron-energy-loss spectra and the structural stability of nickel oxide: An LSDA+U study
journal, January 1998

Neutron-scattering-based evidence for interacting magnetic excitons in $LaCo O_{3}$
journal, August 2015

Strongly correlated crystal-field approach to Mott insulator
journal, April 2005

Phase separation and resistivity jumps in Co compounds and other materials with low-spin - high-spin transitions
journal, July 1996

Electronic Properties of Doped Semiconductors
book, January 1984

Impact of stress on oxygen vacancy ordering in epitaxial (La0.5Sr0.5)CoO3−∂ thin films
journal, May 2003

$^{5} D$ term origin of the excited triplet in ${LaCoO}_{3}$
journal, May 2003

Potential resolution to the doping puzzle in iron pyrite: Carrier type determination by Hall effect and thermopower
journal, June 2017

Ferromagnetic insulating state in tensile-strained LaCoO $_{3}$ thin films from LDA $+$ $U$ calculations
journal, April 2012

Long-range ferromagnetic order in ${LaCoO}_{3 - δ}$ epitaxial films due to the interplay of epitaxial strain and oxygen vacancy ordering
journal, April 2015

Ferromagnetism in $La Co O_{3}$
journal, July 2004

Structural effects on the spin-state transition in epitaxially strained ${LaCoO}_{3}$ films
journal, February 2009

Phase-sensitive specular neutron reflectometry for imaging the nanometer scale composition depth profile of thin-film materials
journal, February 2012

Tensile-Strain-Dependent Spin States in Epitaxial ${LaCoO}_{3}$ Thin Films
journal, May 2018

Strain-Induced Spin States in Atomically Ordered Cobaltites
journal, January 2012

Magnetic Oxide Heterostructures
journal, July 2014

Ferromagnetic spin-correlations in strained LaCoO3 thin films
journal, November 2008

Correlated Oxide Physics and Electronics
journal, July 2014

Exploiting Symmetry Mismatch to Control Magnetism in a Ferroelastic Heterostructure
journal, May 2019

Hall effect and impurity conduction in substitutionally doped amorphous silicon
journal, May 1977

Nanoscale ferroelastic twins formed in strained LaCoO ₃ films
journal, March 2019

Temperature-induced magnetism in ${LaCoO}_{3}$
journal, December 1989

Room-temperature ferroelectricity in strained SrTiO₃
journal, August 2004

Whither Oxide Electronics?
journal, November 2008

Role of entropy and structural parameters in the spin-state transition of ${LaCoO}_{3}$
journal, November 2017

Neutron-scattering study of the spin-state transition and magnetic correlations in ${La}_{1 - x}$ ${Sr}_{x}$ ${CoO}_{3}$ ( x =0 and 0.08)
journal, August 1994

Strain-driven magnetism in ${LaCoO}_{3}$ thin films
journal, January 2009

Formation and Thickness Evolution of Periodic Twin Domains in Manganite Films Grown on ${SrTiO}_{3} (001)$ Substrates
journal, February 2007

Simple ways of determining perovskite structures
journal, November 1975

Metal-insulator transitions
journal, October 1998

First-Order Localized-Electron $⇆$ Collective-Electron Transition in LaCo $O_{3}$
journal, March 1967

Observation of magnetic excitons in LaCoO ₃
journal, June 2005

Nanoscale Spin-State Ordering in LaCoO ₃ Epitaxial Thin Films
journal, April 2014

Spin-state transition and high-spin polarons in LaCo $O_{3}$
journal, February 1996

Insulating Ferromagnetic ${LaCoO}_{3 - δ}$ Films: A Phase Induced by Ordering of Oxygen Vacancies
journal, February 2014

X-ray absorption and magnetic circular dichroism of ${LaCoO}_{3}$ , ${La}_{0.7} {Ce}_{0.3} {CoO}_{3}$ , and ${La}_{0.7} {Sr}_{0.3} {CoO}_{3}$ films: Evidence for cobalt-valence-dependent magnetism
journal, November 2010

A strong ferroelectric ferromagnet created by means of spin–lattice coupling
journal, August 2010

Intermediate-spin state and properties of ${LaCoO}_{3}$
journal, August 1996

Local lattice distortion during the spin-state transition in ${LaCoO}_{3}$
journal, April 1997

Restoring the Density-Gradient Expansion for Exchange in Solids and Surfaces
journal, April 2008

Thermally excited spin-disorder contribution to the resistivity of ${LaCoO}_{3}$
journal, June 2002

Rhombohedral distortion effects on electronic structure of LaCoO ₃
journal, May 2013

Suppression of spin-state transition in epitaxially strained ${LaCoO}_{3}$
journal, November 2008

Strain-driven spin-state transition and superexchange interaction in LaCoO $_{3}$ : $A b$ initio study
journal, July 2012

Tuning the magnetic properties of $La Co O_{3}$ thin films by epitaxial strain
journal, January 2008

Emergent phenomena at oxide interfaces
journal, January 2012

Thermally induced insulator-metal transition in ${LaCoO}_{3} :$ A view based on the Mott transition
journal, July 1998

Whither the oxide interface
journal, January 2012

Direct Measurement of the Low-Temperature Spin-State Transition in ${LaCoO}_{3}$
journal, July 2007

Ion-gel-gating-induced oxygen vacancy formation in epitaxial $L a_{0.5} S r_{0.5} Co O_{3 - δ}$ films from in operando x-ray and neutron scattering
journal, December 2017

Microscopic evidence of a strain-enhanced ferromagnetic state in LaCoO3 thin films
journal, August 2009

Glassy ferromagnetism and magnetic phase separation in ${La}_{1 - x} {Sr}_{x} {CoO}_{3}$
journal, May 2003

Spin-Orbital Superstructure in Strained Ferrimagnetic Perovskite Cobalt Oxide
journal, July 2013

Doping dependence of the anomalous Hall effect in ${La}_{1 - x} {Sr}_{x} Co O_{3}$
journal, May 2006

Chemically Driven Nanoscopic Magnetic Phase Separation at the SrTiO3(001)/La1-xSrxCoO3 Interface
journal, April 2011

Electrical transport properties of La ₁₋ _x Sr _x CoO ₃ thin films
journal, October 2016

Epitaxial Strain-Induced Chemical Ordering in La _0.5 Sr _0.5 CoO _3−δ Films on SrTiO ₃
journal, February 2011

Ferromagnetic order in epitaxially strained $La Co O_{3}$ thin films
journal, April 2007

Hall conductivity of amorphous semiconductors in the random phase model
journal, November 1971

Structural phenomena associated with the spin-state transition in ${LaCoO}_{3}$
journal, September 2002

The unusual magnetism of nanoparticle LaCoO ₃
journal, April 2015

Strain Tuning of Ferroelectric Thin Films
journal, August 2007

Strain-Induced Ferromagnetism and Magnetoresistance in Epitaxial Thin Films of LaCoO ₃ Prepared by Polymer-Assisted Deposition
journal, December 2012