Strain-induced majority carrier inversion in ferromagnetic epitaxial $\mathrm{LaCo}{\mathrm{O}}_{3-\delta }$ thin films

Journal Article · 04 March 2020 · Physical Review Materials

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.4.034403 · OSTI ID:1614758

Chaturvedi, Vipul ^[1]; Walter, Jeff ^[2]; Paul, Arpita ^[1]; Grutter, Alexander  ^[3]; Kirby, Brian ^[3]; Jeong, Jong Seok ^[1]; Zhou, Hua ^[4]; Zhang, Zhan ^[4]; Yu, Biqiong ^[1]; Greven, Martin ^[1]; Mkhoyan, K. Andre ^[1]; Birol, Turan  ^[1]; Leighton, Chris  ^[1]

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1. Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (United States)
2. Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (United States); Augsburg Univ., Minneapolis, MN (United States)
3. National Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD (United States)
4. Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States)

Tensile-strained LaCoO_3-δ thin films are ferromagnetic, in sharp contrast to the zero-spin bulk, although no clear consensus has emerged as to the origin of this phenomenon. While magnetism has been heavily studied, relatively little attention has been paid to electronic transport, due to the insulating nature of the strain-stabilized ferromagnetic state. Here, structure, magnetism, and transport are studied in epitaxial LaCoO_3-δ films (10–22-nm thick) on various substrates (from 1.4% compressive to 2.5% tensile strain), using synchrotron x-ray diffraction, scanning probe and transmission electron microscopy, magnetometry, polarized neutron reflectometry, resistivity, and Hall effect. High quality, smooth films are obtained, exhibiting superstructures associated with both oxygen vacancy ordering and periodic in-plane ferroelastic domains. Consistent with prior work, ferromagnetism with an approximately 80–85 K Curie temperature is observed under tension; polarized neutron reflectometry confirms a relatively uniform magnetization depth profile, albeit with interfacial dead layer formation. Electrical transport is found to have similar semiconducting nature to bulk, but with reduced resistivity and activation energy. Hall effect measurements, however, reveal a striking inversion of the majority carrier type, from p-type in the bulk and under compression to n-type under tension. While thus far overlooked, ferromagnetism in epitaxial LaCoO_3-δ films is thus directly correlated with n-type behavior, providing important insight into the ferromagnetic state in this system. Here, aided by density functional theory calculations, these results are interpreted in terms of tensile-strain-induced orbital occupation and band structure changes, including a rapid decrease in effective mass at the e_g-derived conduction band minimum, and corresponding increase at the valence band maximum.

• Research Organization: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
• Sponsoring Organization: National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22)
• Grant/Contract Number: AC02-06CH11357; SC0016371
• OSTI ID: 1614758
• Journal Information: Physical Review Materials, Journal Name: Physical Review Materials Journal Issue: 3 Vol. 4; ISSN PRMHAR; ISSN 2475-9953
• Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English