Giant impacts stochastically change the internal pressures of terrestrial planets

Lock, Simon J.; Stewart, Sarah T.

doi:10.1126/sciadv.aav3746

Title: Giant impacts stochastically change the internal pressures of terrestrial planets

Abstract

Pressure is a key parameter in the physics and chemistry of planet formation and evolution. Previous studies have erroneously assumed that internal pressures monotonically increase with the mass of a body. Using smoothed particle hydrodynamics and potential field method calculations, we demonstrate that the hot, rapidly rotating bodies produced by giant impacts can have much lower internal pressures than cool, slowly rotating planets of the same mass. Pressures subsequently increase because of thermal and rotational evolution of the body. Using the Moon-forming impact as an example, we show that the internal pressures after the collision could have been less than half that in present-day Earth. The current pressure profile was not established until Earth cooled and the Moon receded, a process that may take up to tens of millions of years. Our work defines a new paradigm for pressure evolution during accretion of terrestrial planets: stochastic changes driven by impacts.

Authors:

^[1];

^[2]

California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States); Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States)
Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States)

Publication Date:: 2019-09-04

Research Org.:: Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); NESSF; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

OSTI Identifier:: 1614413

Grant/Contract Number:: NA0002937; NNX13AO67H; NNX15AH54G

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Science Advances

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 5; Journal Issue: 9; Journal ID: ISSN 2375-2548

Publisher:: AAAS

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; science & technology; other topics

Citation Formats


                    Lock, Simon J., and Stewart, Sarah T. Giant impacts stochastically change the internal pressures of terrestrial planets.  United States: N. p., 2019. 
Web.  doi:10.1126/sciadv.aav3746.

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                    Lock, Simon J., & Stewart, Sarah T. Giant impacts stochastically change the internal pressures of terrestrial planets.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav3746

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                    Lock, Simon J., and Stewart, Sarah T. Wed .  
"Giant impacts stochastically change the internal pressures of terrestrial planets".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav3746.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1614413.

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@article{osti_1614413,

  title        = {Giant impacts stochastically change the internal pressures of terrestrial planets},

  author       = {Lock, Simon J. and Stewart, Sarah T.},

  abstractNote = {Pressure is a key parameter in the physics and chemistry of planet formation and evolution. Previous studies have erroneously assumed that internal pressures monotonically increase with the mass of a body. Using smoothed particle hydrodynamics and potential field method calculations, we demonstrate that the hot, rapidly rotating bodies produced by giant impacts can have much lower internal pressures than cool, slowly rotating planets of the same mass. Pressures subsequently increase because of thermal and rotational evolution of the body. Using the Moon-forming impact as an example, we show that the internal pressures after the collision could have been less than half that in present-day Earth. The current pressure profile was not established until Earth cooled and the Moon receded, a process that may take up to tens of millions of years. Our work defines a new paradigm for pressure evolution during accretion of terrestrial planets: stochastic changes driven by impacts.},

  doi          = {10.1126/sciadv.aav3746},

  journal      = {Science Advances},

  number       = 9,

  volume       = 5,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2019},

  month        = {9}

}

Copy to clipboard

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https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav3746

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Works referencing / citing this record:

The Energy Budgets of Giant Impacts
journal, January 2020

Carter, P. J.; Lock, S. J.; Stewart, S. T.
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The energy budgets of giant impacts
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Carter, Philip J.; Lock, Simon J.; Stewart, Sarah T.
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Title: Giant impacts stochastically change the internal pressures of terrestrial planets

Abstract

Citation Formats

Prediction of siderophile element metal-silicate partition coefficients to 20 GPa and 2800°C: the effects of pressure, temperature, oxygen fugacity, and silicate and metallic melt compositions journal, March 1997

THE Hf-W ISOTOPIC SYSTEM AND THE ORIGIN OF THE EARTH AND MOON journal, May 2005

Sensitivities of Earth's core and mantle compositions to accretion and differentiation processes journal, January 2017

Melting and mixing states of the Earth's mantle after the Moon-forming impact journal, October 2015

Evolution of the Earth-Moon system journal, November 1994

A hydrocode equation of state for SiO 2 journal, December 2007

Collisions Between Gravity-Dominated Bodies. i. Outcome Regimes and Scaling laws journal, December 2011

Seismic Evidence for Partial Melt at the Base of Earth's Mantle journal, September 1996

Implications of a long-lived basal magma ocean in generating Earth's ancient magnetic field: BMO DYNAMO journal, November 2013

The Origin of the Moon Within a Terrestrial Synestia journal, April 2018

Formation of Terrestrial Planets from Protoplanets Under a Realistic Accretion Condition journal, April 2010

Preservation of Earth-forming events in the tungsten isotopic composition of modern flood basalts journal, May 2016

Direct shock compression experiments on premolten forsterite and progress toward a consistent high-pressure equation of state for CaO-MgO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -FeO liquids : SHOCK COMPRESSION OF MOLTEN FORSTERITE journal, November 2013

A very slow basal layer underlying large-scale low-velocity anomalies in the lower mantle beneath the Pacific: evidence from core phases journal, September 1995

Tidal evolution of the Moon from a high-obliquity, high-angular-momentum Earth journal, October 2016

A multiple-impact origin for the Moon journal, January 2017

Accretion and differentiation of the terrestrial planets with implications for the compositions of early-formed Solar System bodies and accretion of water journal, March 2015

Simulations of a late lunar-forming impact journal, April 2004

The tethered Moon journal, October 2015

Geochemistry of mantle–core differentiation at high pressure journal, June 1996

The cosmological simulation code gadget-2 journal, December 2005

Sound velocity and density of magnesiowüstites: Implications for ultralow‐velocity zone topography journal, March 2017

A statistical analysis of the correlation between large igneous provinces and lower mantle seismic structure journal, January 2014

The structure of terrestrial bodies: Impact heating, corotation limits, and synestias: THE STRUCTURE OF TERRESTRIAL BODIES journal, May 2017

Geochemical Constraints on the Size of the Moon-Forming Giant Impact: Size of the Moon-Forming Giant Impact journal, December 2017

Thermodynamics of silicate liquids in the deep Earth journal, February 2009

Forming a Moon with an Earth-like Composition via a Giant Impact journal, October 2012

Probabilistic Tomography Maps Chemical Heterogeneities Throughout the Lower Mantle journal, October 2004

Early differentiation and volatile accretion recorded in deep-mantle neon and xenon journal, June 2012

Making the Moon from a Fast-Spinning Earth: A Giant Impact Followed by Resonant Despinning journal, October 2012

Thermal evolution of an early magma ocean in interaction with the atmosphere: MAGMA OCEAN AND ATMOSPHERE EVOLUTION journal, June 2013

Early evolution of the Earth–Moon system with a fast-spinning Earth journal, August 2015

Normal-Mode and Free-Air Gravity Constraints on Lateral Variations in Velocity and Density of Earth's Mantle journal, August 1999

Fast accretion of the Earth with a late Moon-forming giant impact journal, October 2011

A crystallizing dense magma ocean at the base of the Earth’s mantle journal, December 2007

Tidal evolution of the Moon from a high-obliquity, high-angular-momentum Earth text, January 2018

The origin of the Moon within a terrestrial synestia text, January 2018

Multiple Impact Origin for the Moon text, January 2019

The Energy Budgets of Giant Impacts journal, January 2020

The energy budgets of giant impacts text, January 2019

Prediction of siderophile element metal-silicate partition coefficients to 20 GPa and 2800°C: the effects of pressure, temperature, oxygen fugacity, and silicate and metallic melt compositions
journal, March 1997

THE Hf-W ISOTOPIC SYSTEM AND THE ORIGIN OF THE EARTH AND MOON
journal, May 2005

Sensitivities of Earth's core and mantle compositions to accretion and differentiation processes
journal, January 2017

Melting and mixing states of the Earth's mantle after the Moon-forming impact
journal, October 2015

Evolution of the Earth-Moon system
journal, November 1994

A hydrocode equation of state for SiO ₂
journal, December 2007

Collisions Between Gravity-Dominated Bodies. i. Outcome Regimes and Scaling laws
journal, December 2011

Seismic Evidence for Partial Melt at the Base of Earth's Mantle
journal, September 1996

Implications of a long-lived basal magma ocean in generating Earth's ancient magnetic field: BMO DYNAMO
journal, November 2013

The Origin of the Moon Within a Terrestrial Synestia
journal, April 2018

Formation of Terrestrial Planets from Protoplanets Under a Realistic Accretion Condition
journal, April 2010

Preservation of Earth-forming events in the tungsten isotopic composition of modern flood basalts
journal, May 2016

Direct shock compression experiments on premolten forsterite and progress toward a consistent high-pressure equation of state for CaO-MgO-Al ₂ O ₃ -SiO ₂ -FeO liquids : SHOCK COMPRESSION OF MOLTEN FORSTERITE
journal, November 2013

A very slow basal layer underlying large-scale low-velocity anomalies in the lower mantle beneath the Pacific: evidence from core phases
journal, September 1995

Tidal evolution of the Moon from a high-obliquity, high-angular-momentum Earth
journal, October 2016

A multiple-impact origin for the Moon
journal, January 2017

Accretion and differentiation of the terrestrial planets with implications for the compositions of early-formed Solar System bodies and accretion of water
journal, March 2015

Simulations of a late lunar-forming impact
journal, April 2004

The tethered Moon
journal, October 2015

Geochemistry of mantle–core differentiation at high pressure
journal, June 1996

The cosmological simulation code gadget-2
journal, December 2005

Sound velocity and density of magnesiowüstites: Implications for ultralow‐velocity zone topography
journal, March 2017

A statistical analysis of the correlation between large igneous provinces and lower mantle seismic structure
journal, January 2014

The structure of terrestrial bodies: Impact heating, corotation limits, and synestias: THE STRUCTURE OF TERRESTRIAL BODIES
journal, May 2017

Geochemical Constraints on the Size of the Moon-Forming Giant Impact: Size of the Moon-Forming Giant Impact
journal, December 2017

Thermodynamics of silicate liquids in the deep Earth
journal, February 2009

Forming a Moon with an Earth-like Composition via a Giant Impact
journal, October 2012

Probabilistic Tomography Maps Chemical Heterogeneities Throughout the Lower Mantle
journal, October 2004

Early differentiation and volatile accretion recorded in deep-mantle neon and xenon
journal, June 2012

Making the Moon from a Fast-Spinning Earth: A Giant Impact Followed by Resonant Despinning
journal, October 2012

Thermal evolution of an early magma ocean in interaction with the atmosphere: MAGMA OCEAN AND ATMOSPHERE EVOLUTION
journal, June 2013

Early evolution of the Earth–Moon system with a fast-spinning Earth
journal, August 2015

Normal-Mode and Free-Air Gravity Constraints on Lateral Variations in Velocity and Density of Earth's Mantle
journal, August 1999

Fast accretion of the Earth with a late Moon-forming giant impact
journal, October 2011

A crystallizing dense magma ocean at the base of the Earth’s mantle
journal, December 2007

Tidal evolution of the Moon from a high-obliquity, high-angular-momentum Earth
text, January 2018

The origin of the Moon within a terrestrial synestia
text, January 2018

Multiple Impact Origin for the Moon
text, January 2019

The Energy Budgets of Giant Impacts
journal, January 2020

The energy budgets of giant impacts
text, January 2019