Automated wind turbine wake characterization in complex terrain
Abstract
An automated wind turbine wake characterization algorithm has been developed and applied to a data set of over 19 000 scans measured by a ground-based scanning Doppler lidar at Perdigão, Portugal, over the period January to June 2017. Potential wake cases are identified by wind speed, direction and availability of a retrieved free-stream wind speed. The algorithm correctly identifies the wake centre position in 62% of possible wake cases, with 46 % having a clear and well-defined wake centre surrounded by a coherent area of lower wind speeds while 16 % have split centres or multiple lobes where the lower wind speed volumes are no longer in coherent areas but present as two or more distinct areas or lobes. Only 5 % of cases are not detected; the remaining 33 % could not be categorized either by the algorithm or subjectively, mainly due to the complexity of the background flow. Average wake centre heights categorized by inflow wind speeds are shown to be initially lofted (to two rotor diameters, D, downstream) except when the inflow wind speeds exceed 12 ms-1. Even under low wind speeds, by 3.5 D downstream of the wind turbine, the mean wake centre position is belowmore »
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1530002
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1612559
- Grant/Contract Number:
- SC0016438
- Resource Type:
- Published Article
- Journal Name:
- Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (Online)
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (Online) Journal Volume: 12 Journal Issue: 6; Journal ID: ISSN 1867-8548
- Publisher:
- Copernicus Publications, EGU
- Country of Publication:
- Germany
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Citation Formats
Barthelmie, Rebecca J., and Pryor, Sara C. Automated wind turbine wake characterization in complex terrain. Germany: N. p., 2019.
Web. doi:10.5194/amt-12-3463-2019.
Barthelmie, Rebecca J., & Pryor, Sara C. Automated wind turbine wake characterization in complex terrain. Germany. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-3463-2019
Barthelmie, Rebecca J., and Pryor, Sara C. Fri .
"Automated wind turbine wake characterization in complex terrain". Germany. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-3463-2019.
@article{osti_1530002,
title = {Automated wind turbine wake characterization in complex terrain},
author = {Barthelmie, Rebecca J. and Pryor, Sara C.},
abstractNote = {An automated wind turbine wake characterization algorithm has been developed and applied to a data set of over 19 000 scans measured by a ground-based scanning Doppler lidar at Perdigão, Portugal, over the period January to June 2017. Potential wake cases are identified by wind speed, direction and availability of a retrieved free-stream wind speed. The algorithm correctly identifies the wake centre position in 62% of possible wake cases, with 46 % having a clear and well-defined wake centre surrounded by a coherent area of lower wind speeds while 16 % have split centres or multiple lobes where the lower wind speed volumes are no longer in coherent areas but present as two or more distinct areas or lobes. Only 5 % of cases are not detected; the remaining 33 % could not be categorized either by the algorithm or subjectively, mainly due to the complexity of the background flow. Average wake centre heights categorized by inflow wind speeds are shown to be initially lofted (to two rotor diameters, D, downstream) except when the inflow wind speeds exceed 12 ms-1. Even under low wind speeds, by 3.5 D downstream of the wind turbine, the mean wake centre position is below the initial wind turbine hub height and descends broadly following the terrain slope. However, this behaviour is strongly linked to the hour of the day and atmospheric stability. Overnight and in stable conditions, the average height of the wake centre is 10 m higher than in unstable conditions at 2 D downstream from the wind turbine and 17 m higher at 4.5 D downstream.},
doi = {10.5194/amt-12-3463-2019},
journal = {Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (Online)},
number = 6,
volume = 12,
place = {Germany},
year = {Fri Jun 28 00:00:00 EDT 2019},
month = {Fri Jun 28 00:00:00 EDT 2019}
}
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-3463-2019
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-3463-2019
Other availability
Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Cited by: 14 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science
Web of Science
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.
Works referenced in this record:
Wake meandering and its relationship with the incoming wind characteristics: a statistical approach applied to long-term on-field observations
journal, May 2017
- Garcia, E. Torres; Aubrun, S.; Boquet, M.
- Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 854
The Influence of Real-World Wind Turbine Deployments on Local to Mesoscale Climate
journal, June 2018
- Pryor, S. C.; Barthelmie, R. J.; Shepherd, T. J.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 123, Issue 11
Turbulent wind flow over a low hill
journal, October 1975
- Jackson, P. S.; Hunt, J. C. R.
- Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Vol. 101, Issue 430
CFD investigation of the atmospheric boundary layer under different thermal stability conditions
journal, October 2013
- Pieterse, J. E.; Harms, T. M.
- Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, Vol. 121
Effects of an escarpment on flow parameters of relevance to wind turbines: Flow over an escarpment at turbine relevant heights
journal, March 2016
- Barthelmie, R. J.; Wang, H.; Doubrawa, P.
- Wind Energy, Vol. 19, Issue 12
Wind turbine wake characterization in complex terrain via integrated Doppler lidar data from the Perdigão experiment
journal, June 2018
- Barthelmie, R. J.; Pryor, S. C.; Wildmann, N.
- Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 1037
Influence of the Coriolis force on the structure and evolution of wind turbine wakes
journal, October 2016
- Abkar, Mahdi; Porté-Agel, Fernando
- Physical Review Fluids, Vol. 1, Issue 6
Three-dimensional structure of wind turbine wakes as measured by scanning lidar
journal, January 2017
- Bodini, Nicola; Zardi, Dino; Lundquist, Julie K.
- Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol. 10, Issue 8
The Relationship between Overlying Synoptic-Scale Flows and Winds within a Valley
journal, November 1993
- Whiteman, C. David; Doran, J. Christopher
- Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 32, Issue 11
Addressing Spatial Variability of Surface-Layer Wind with Long-Range WindScanners
journal, March 2015
- Berg, Jacob; Vasiljevíc, Nikola; Kelly, Mark
- Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, Vol. 32, Issue 3
Lidar arc scan uncertainty reduction through scanning geometry optimization
journal, January 2016
- Wang, Hui; Barthelmie, Rebecca J.; Pryor, Sara C.
- Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol. 9, Issue 4
Measurements of flow over an elongated ridge and its thermal stability dependence: The mean field
journal, April 1994
- Coppin, P. A.; Bradley, E. F.; Finnigan, J. J.
- Boundary-Layer Meteorology, Vol. 69, Issue 1-2
An Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology
book, January 1988
- Stull, Roland B.
- Atmospheric and Oceanographic Sciences Library
ENDOW(efficient development of offshore wind farms): modelling wake and boundary layer interactions
journal, July 2004
- Barthelmie, Rebecca; Larsen, Gunner; Pryor, Sara
- Wind Energy, Vol. 7, Issue 3
Calculating the flowfield in the wake of wind turbines
journal, January 1988
- Ainslie, J. F.
- Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, Vol. 27, Issue 1-3
An overview of data for wake model evaluation in the Virtual Wakes Laboratory
journal, April 2013
- Barthelmie, R. J.; Pryor, S. C.
- Applied Energy, Vol. 104
The effects of atmospheric stability on coastal wind climates
journal, March 1999
- Barthelmie, R. J.
- Meteorological Applications, Vol. 6, Issue 1
Evaluation of wind farm efficiency and wind turbine wakes at the Nysted offshore wind farm
journal, May 2010
- Barthelmie, R. J.; Jensen, L. E.
- Wind Energy, Vol. 13, Issue 6, p. 573-586
Quantification of power losses due to wind turbine wake interactions through SCADA, meteorological and wind LiDAR data: Power losses due to wake interactions through SCADA, met and LiDAR data
journal, June 2017
- El-Asha, Said; Zhan, Lu; Iungo, Giacomo Valerio
- Wind Energy, Vol. 20, Issue 11
An experimental and numerical study of the atmospheric stability impact on wind turbine wakes: Experimental and numerical study of the atmospheric stability impact on wake
journal, December 2015
- Machefaux, Ewan; Larsen, Gunner C.; Koblitz, Tilman
- Wind Energy, Vol. 19, Issue 10
Characterization of flow recirculation zones at the Perdigão site using multi-lidar measurements
journal, January 2019
- Menke, Robert; Vasiljević, Nikola; Mann, Jakob
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 4
Perdigão 2015: methodology for atmospheric multi-Doppler lidar experiments
journal, January 2017
- Vasiljević, Nikola; L. M. Palma, José M.; Angelou, Nikolas
- Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol. 10, Issue 9
Quantifying the Impact of Wind Turbine Wakes on Power Output at Offshore Wind Farms
journal, August 2010
- Barthelmie, R. J.; Pryor, S. C.; Frandsen, S. T.
- Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, Vol. 27, Issue 8, p. 1302-1317
Complex terrain experiments in the New European Wind Atlas
journal, March 2017
- Mann, J.; Angelou, N.; Arnqvist, J.
- Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 375, Issue 2091
The Perdigão: Peering into Microscale Details of Mountain Winds
journal, May 2019
- Fernando, H. J. S.; Mann, J.; Palma, J. M. L. M.
- Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 100, Issue 5
Field Measurements of Wind Turbine Wakes with Lidars
journal, February 2013
- Iungo, Giacomo Valerio; Wu, Yu-Ting; Porté-Agel, Fernando
- Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, Vol. 30, Issue 2
3D Volumetric Analysis of Wind Turbine Wake Properties in the Atmosphere Using High-Resolution Doppler Lidar
journal, May 2015
- Banta, Robert M.; Pichugina, Yelena L.; Brewer, W. Alan
- Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, Vol. 32, Issue 5
Modelling and measurements of power losses and turbulence intensity in wind turbine wakes at Middelgrunden offshore wind farm
journal, January 2007
- Barthelmie, R. J.; Frandsen, S. T.; Nielsen, M. N.
- Wind Energy, Vol. 10, Issue 6, p. 517-528
Wind turbine wake measurements with automatically adjusting scanning trajectories in a multi-Doppler lidar setup
journal, January 2018
- Wildmann, Norman; Vasiljevic, Nikola; Gerz, Thomas
- Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol. 11, Issue 6
Defining wake characteristics from scanning and vertical full- scale lidar measurements
journal, September 2016
- Barthelmie, R. J.; Doubrawa, P.; Wang, H.
- Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 753
Flow over a hill covered with a plant canopy: FLOW OVER A HILL COVERED WITH A PLANT CANOPY
journal, January 2004
- Finnigan, J. J.; Belcher, S. E.
- Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Vol. 130, Issue 596
A stochastic wind turbine wake model based on new metrics for wake characterization: A stochastic wind turbine wake model based on new metrics for wake characterization
journal, August 2016
- Doubrawa, Paula; Barthelmie, Rebecca J.; Wang, Hui
- Wind Energy, Vol. 20, Issue 3
Stably stratified shear flow over low hills
journal, July 1988
- Hunt, J. C. R.; Richards, K. J.; Brighton, P. W. M.
- Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Vol. 114, Issue 482
Offshore Wind Turbine Wakes Measured by Sodar
journal, April 2003
- Barthelmie, R. J.; Folkerts, L.; Ormel, F. T.
- Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, Vol. 20, Issue 4
Wind Measurements from Arc Scans with Doppler Wind Lidar
journal, November 2015
- Wang, H.; Barthelmie, R. J.; Clifton, A.
- Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, Vol. 32, Issue 11
Wind Turbine Wake Characterization from Temporally Disjunct 3-D Measurements
journal, November 2016
- Doubrawa, Paula; Barthelmie, Rebecca; Wang, Hui
- Remote Sensing, Vol. 8, Issue 11
Mesoscale to microscale wind farm flow modeling and evaluation: Mesoscale to Microscale Wind Farm Models
journal, August 2016
- Sanz Rodrigo, Javier; Chávez Arroyo, Roberto Aurelio; Moriarty, Patrick
- Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, Vol. 6, Issue 2
Modeling wake effects in large wind farms in complex terrain: the problem, the methods and the issues: Wake effects in large wind farms in complex terrain
journal, August 2011
- Politis, E. S.; Prospathopoulos, J.; Cabezon, D.
- Wind Energy, Vol. 15, Issue 1
Windscanner: 3-D wind and turbulence measurements from three steerable doppler lidars
journal, May 2008
- Mikkelsen, T.; Mann, J.; Courtney, M.
- IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Vol. 1
The impact of wind direction yaw angle on cliff flows
journal, July 2018
- Barthelmie, R. J.; Pryor, S. C.
- Wind Energy, Vol. 21, Issue 12
3D Wind and Turbulence Characteristics of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer
journal, May 2014
- Barthelmie, R. J.; Crippa, P.; Wang, H.
- Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 95, Issue 5
Quantifying Wind Turbine Wake Characteristics from Scanning Remote Sensor Data
journal, April 2014
- Aitken, Matthew L.; Banta, Robert M.; Pichugina, Yelena L.
- Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, Vol. 31, Issue 4
Modification of air flow over an escarpment ? Results from the Hjardem�l experiment
journal, April 1995
- Emeis, Stefan; Frank, Helmut P.; Fiedler, Franz
- Boundary-Layer Meteorology, Vol. 74, Issue 1-2
Wake meandering: a pragmatic approach
journal, July 2008
- Larsen, Gunner C.; Madsen, Helge Aa.; Thomsen, Kenneth
- Wind Energy, Vol. 11, Issue 4, p. 377-395
Utility-Scale Wind Turbine Wake Characterization Using Nacelle-Based Long-Range Scanning Lidar
journal, July 2014
- Aitken, Matthew L.; Lundquist, Julie K.
- Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, Vol. 31, Issue 7
IEA Wind Task 32: Wind Lidar Identifying and Mitigating Barriers to the Adoption of Wind Lidar
journal, March 2018
- Clifton, Andrew; Clive, Peter; Gottschall, Julia
- Remote Sensing, Vol. 10, Issue 3
Atmospheric Boundary Layer Flows: Their Structure and Measurement
book, March 1994
- Kaimal, J. C.; Finnigan, J. J.
Atmospheric stability and topography effects on wind turbine performance and wake properties in complex terrain
journal, October 2018
- Han, Xingxing; Liu, Deyou; Xu, Chang
- Renewable Energy, Vol. 126
Wake effects of large offshore wind farms identified from satellite SAR
journal, October 2005
- Christiansen, Merete Bruun; Hasager, Charlotte B.
- Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 98, Issue 2-3
Gas diffusion over an isolated hill under neutral, stable and unstable conditions
journal, December 2002
- Ohba, R.; Hara, T.; Nakamura, S.
- Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 36, Issue 36-37
An Inter-Comparison Study of Multi- and DBS Lidar Measurements in Complex Terrain
journal, September 2016
- Pauscher, Lukas; Vasiljevic, Nikola; Callies, Doron
- Remote Sensing, Vol. 8, Issue 9
Meteorological Controls on Wind Turbine Wakes
journal, April 2013
- Barthelmie, Rebecca J.; Hansen, Kurt S.; Pryor, Sara C.
- Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 101, Issue 4
Characterizing wind gusts in complex terrain
journal, January 2019
- Letson, Frederick; Barthelmie, Rebecca J.; Hu, Weifei
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 6
Wind in Complex Terrain—Lidar Measurements for Evaluation of CFD Simulations
journal, January 2018
- Risan, Andrea; Lund, John; Chang, Chi-Yao
- Remote Sensing, Vol. 10, Issue 2
In situ observations of the influence of a large onshore wind farm on near-surface temperature, turbulence intensity and wind speed profiles
journal, July 2013
- Smith, Craig M.; Barthelmie, R. J.; Pryor, S. C.
- Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 8, Issue 3