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Title: Retrievals of Riming and Snow Density From Vertically Pointing Doppler Radars

Abstract

Abstract Retrievals of ice and snow are made from Ka‐ and W‐band zenith‐pointing Doppler radars at Hyytiälä, Finland, during the snow experiment component of the Biogenic Aerosols: Effects on Clouds and Climate (2014) field campaign. In a novel optimal estimation retrieval, mean Doppler velocity is exploited to retrieve a density factor parameter, which modulates the mass, shape, terminal velocity, and backscatter cross sections of ice particles. In a case study including aggregate snow and graupel we find that snow rate and ensemble mean ice density can be retrieved to within 50% of in situ measurements at the surface using dual‐frequency Doppler radar retrievals. While Doppler measurements are essential to the retrieval of particle density, the dual‐frequency ratio provides a strong constraint on particle size. The retrieved density factor is strongly correlated with liquid water path, indicating that riming is the primary process by which the density factor is modulated. Using liquid water path as a proxy for riming, profiles classified as unrimed snow, rimed snow, and graupel exhibit distinct features characteristic of aggregation and riming processes, suggesting the potential to make estimates of process rates from these retrievals. We discuss the potential application of the technique to future satellite missions.

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [3]; ORCiD logo [4]; ORCiD logo [5]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Univ. of Reading, Reading (United Kingdom). National Centre for Earth Observation
  2. Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO (United States)
  3. Univ. of Reading, Reading (United Kingdom); European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading (United Kingdom)
  4. Univ. of Helsinki (Finland). Inst. for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics; Finnish Meteorological Inst., Helsinki (Finland)
  5. Univ. of Cologne (Germany). Inst. of Geophysics and Meteorology
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Univ. of Reading, Reading (United Kingdom)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO); European Space Agency; European Union (EU); Academy of Finland; German Science Foundation (DFG)
OSTI Identifier:
1611644
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1786845
Grant/Contract Number:  
SC0011666; 4000112030/15/NL/CT; 689443; 307331; 305175; KN 1112/2-1
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 123; Journal Issue: 24; Journal ID: ISSN 2169-897X
Publisher:
American Geophysical Union
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences

Citation Formats

Mason, S. L., Chiu, C. J., Hogan, R. J., Moisseev, D., and Kneifel, S. Retrievals of Riming and Snow Density From Vertically Pointing Doppler Radars. United States: N. p., 2018. Web. doi:10.1029/2018jd028603.
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Mason, S. L., Chiu, C. J., Hogan, R. J., Moisseev, D., & Kneifel, S. Retrievals of Riming and Snow Density From Vertically Pointing Doppler Radars. United States. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jd028603
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Mason, S. L., Chiu, C. J., Hogan, R. J., Moisseev, D., and Kneifel, S. Tue . "Retrievals of Riming and Snow Density From Vertically Pointing Doppler Radars". United States. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jd028603. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1611644.
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@article{osti_1611644,
title = {Retrievals of Riming and Snow Density From Vertically Pointing Doppler Radars},
author = {Mason, S. L. and Chiu, C. J. and Hogan, R. J. and Moisseev, D. and Kneifel, S.},
abstractNote = {Abstract Retrievals of ice and snow are made from Ka‐ and W‐band zenith‐pointing Doppler radars at Hyytiälä, Finland, during the snow experiment component of the Biogenic Aerosols: Effects on Clouds and Climate (2014) field campaign. In a novel optimal estimation retrieval, mean Doppler velocity is exploited to retrieve a density factor parameter, which modulates the mass, shape, terminal velocity, and backscatter cross sections of ice particles. In a case study including aggregate snow and graupel we find that snow rate and ensemble mean ice density can be retrieved to within 50% of in situ measurements at the surface using dual‐frequency Doppler radar retrievals. While Doppler measurements are essential to the retrieval of particle density, the dual‐frequency ratio provides a strong constraint on particle size. The retrieved density factor is strongly correlated with liquid water path, indicating that riming is the primary process by which the density factor is modulated. Using liquid water path as a proxy for riming, profiles classified as unrimed snow, rimed snow, and graupel exhibit distinct features characteristic of aggregation and riming processes, suggesting the potential to make estimates of process rates from these retrievals. We discuss the potential application of the technique to future satellite missions.},
doi = {10.1029/2018jd028603},
journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres},
number = 24,
volume = 123,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Dec 18 00:00:00 EST 2018},
month = {Tue Dec 18 00:00:00 EST 2018}
}
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    • Kalesse, Heike; Vogl, Teresa; Paduraru, Cosmin
    • Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol. 12, Issue 8
    • DOI: 10.5194/amt-12-4591-2019

    The importance of particle size distribution and internal structure for triple-frequency radar retrievals of the morphology of snow
    journal, January 2019

    • Mason, Shannon L.; Hogan, Robin J.; Westbrook, Christopher D.
    • Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol. 12, Issue 9
    • DOI: 10.5194/amt-12-4993-2019
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