THz-frequency magnon-phonon-polaritons in the collective strong-coupling regime

Sivarajah, Prasahnt; Steinbacher, Andreas; Dastrup, Blake; Lu, Jian; Xiang, Maolin; Ren, Wei; Kamba, Stanislav; Cao, Shixun; Nelson, Keith A.

doi:10.1063/1.5083849

Title: THz-frequency magnon-phonon-polaritons in the collective strong-coupling regime

Abstract

Strong coupling between light and matter occurs when the two interact such that new hybrid modes, the so-called polaritons, are formed. Here, we report on the strong coupling of both the electric and the magnetic degrees of freedom to an ultrafast terahertz (THz) frequency electromagnetic wave. In our system, optical phonons in a slab of ferroelectric lithium niobate are strongly coupled to a THz electric field to form phonon-polaritons, which are simultaneously strongly coupled to magnons in an adjacent slab of canted antiferromagnetic erbium orthoferrite via the magnetic-field component of the same THz pulse. We juxtapose experimental results of bare slabs consisting of the two materials with a photonic crystal cavity, consisting of a two-dimensional array of air holes cut into the hybrid slab. In both cases, the strong coupling leads to the formation of new magnon-phonon-polariton modes, which we experimentally observe in the time domain as a normal-mode beating and which corresponds in the frequency domain to an avoided crossing. Finally, our simple yet versatile waveguide platform provides a promising avenue through which to explore ultrafast THz spintronics, quantum electrodynamics, sensing, and spectroscopic applications.

Authors:

^[1];

^[1]; Dastrup, Blake ^[1];

^[1]; Xiang, Maolin ^[2]; Ren, Wei ^[2];

^[3];

^[2];

^[1]

Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
Shanghai Univ. (China)
Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague (Czech Republic)

Publication Date:: Mon Jun 03 00:00:00 EDT 2019

Research Org.:: Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); National Science Foundation (NSF); National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)

OSTI Identifier:: 1610519

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1524127

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0001088; CHE-1665383; 51372149; 51672171

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Journal of Applied Physics

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 125; Journal Issue: 21; Journal ID: ISSN 0021-8979

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS; physics

Citation Formats


                    Sivarajah, Prasahnt, Steinbacher, Andreas, Dastrup, Blake, Lu, Jian, Xiang, Maolin, Ren, Wei, Kamba, Stanislav, Cao, Shixun, and Nelson, Keith A. THz-frequency magnon-phonon-polaritons in the collective strong-coupling regime.  United States: N. p., 2019. 
Web.  doi:10.1063/1.5083849.

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                    Sivarajah, Prasahnt, Steinbacher, Andreas, Dastrup, Blake, Lu, Jian, Xiang, Maolin, Ren, Wei, Kamba, Stanislav, Cao, Shixun, & Nelson, Keith A. THz-frequency magnon-phonon-polaritons in the collective strong-coupling regime.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5083849

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                    Sivarajah, Prasahnt, Steinbacher, Andreas, Dastrup, Blake, Lu, Jian, Xiang, Maolin, Ren, Wei, Kamba, Stanislav, Cao, Shixun, and Nelson, Keith A. Mon .  
"THz-frequency magnon-phonon-polaritons in the collective strong-coupling regime".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5083849.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1610519.

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@article{osti_1610519,

  title        = {THz-frequency magnon-phonon-polaritons in the collective strong-coupling regime},

  author       = {Sivarajah, Prasahnt and Steinbacher, Andreas and Dastrup, Blake and Lu, Jian and Xiang, Maolin and Ren, Wei and Kamba, Stanislav and Cao, Shixun and Nelson, Keith A.},

  abstractNote = {Strong coupling between light and matter occurs when the two interact such that new hybrid modes, the so-called polaritons, are formed. Here, we report on the strong coupling of both the electric and the magnetic degrees of freedom to an ultrafast terahertz (THz) frequency electromagnetic wave. In our system, optical phonons in a slab of ferroelectric lithium niobate are strongly coupled to a THz electric field to form phonon-polaritons, which are simultaneously strongly coupled to magnons in an adjacent slab of canted antiferromagnetic erbium orthoferrite via the magnetic-field component of the same THz pulse. We juxtapose experimental results of bare slabs consisting of the two materials with a photonic crystal cavity, consisting of a two-dimensional array of air holes cut into the hybrid slab. In both cases, the strong coupling leads to the formation of new magnon-phonon-polariton modes, which we experimentally observe in the time domain as a normal-mode beating and which corresponds in the frequency domain to an avoided crossing. Finally, our simple yet versatile waveguide platform provides a promising avenue through which to explore ultrafast THz spintronics, quantum electrodynamics, sensing, and spectroscopic applications.},

  doi          = {10.1063/1.5083849},

  journal      = {Journal of Applied Physics},

  number       = 21,

  volume       = 125,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Mon Jun 03 00:00:00 EDT 2019},

  month        = {Mon Jun 03 00:00:00 EDT 2019}

}

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DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.101.024405

Advances in terahertz solid-state physics and devices
journal, September 2019

Hesler, Jeffrey; Prasankumar, Rohit; Tignon, Jerome
Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 126, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1063/1.5122975

Strong coupling of collective intermolecular vibrations in organic materials at terahertz frequencies
journal, July 2019

Damari, Ran; Weinberg, Omri; Krotkov, Daniel
Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11130-y

Magnon polarons in the spin Peltier effect
text, January 2019

Yahiro, Reimei; Kikkawa, Takashi; Ramos, Rafael
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1912.11573

Strong coupling of collective intermolecular vibrations in organic materials at terahertz frequencies
journal, July 2019

Damari, Ran; Weinberg, Omri; Krotkov, Daniel
Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11130-y

Cavity control of nonlinear phononics
text, January 2019

Juraschek, Dominik M.; Neuman, Tomáš; Flick, Johannes
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1912.00122

Coherent strong-coupling of terahertz magnons and phonons in a Van der Waals antiferromagnetic insulator
preprint, January 2021

Zhang, Qi; Ozerov, Mykhaylo; Boström, Emil Vinas
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2108.11619

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Title: THz-frequency magnon-phonon-polaritons in the collective strong-coupling regime

Abstract

Citation Formats

High Cooperativity in Coupled Microwave Resonator Ferrimagnetic Insulator Hybrids journal, September 2013

Ultrafast non-thermal control of magnetization by instantaneous photomagnetic pulses journal, May 2005

Nonlinear spin control by terahertz-driven anisotropy fields journal, October 2016

Quantum computers journal, March 2010

Spin dynamics of antiferromagnets under action of femtosecond laser pulses (Review Article) journal, February 2014

High-Resolution, Low-Noise Imaging in THz Polaritonics journal, May 2013

Strongly Coupled Magnons and Cavity Microwave Photons journal, October 2014

Coherent Two-Dimensional Terahertz Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Collective Spin Waves journal, May 2017

Magnetic polariton, impurity mode enhancement, and superradiance effects in FeF2 journal, December 1978

Spatiotemporal Coherent Control of Lattice Vibrational Waves journal, January 2003

Vacuum Rabi splitting in semiconductors journal, February 2006

Detection of Coherent Magnons via Ultrafast Pump-Probe Reflectance Spectroscopy in Multiferroic Ba 0.6 Sr 1.4 Zn 2 Fe 12 O 22 journal, August 2008

Strong localization of photons in certain disordered dielectric superlattices journal, June 1987

Submillimeter backward-wave oscillator spectroscopy of the rare-earth orthoferrites journal, November 1993

Quantum-To-Classical Transition in Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics journal, October 2010

Coherent phonon polaritons as probes of anharmonic phonons in ferroelectrics journal, April 1998

Surface plasmon subwavelength optics journal, August 2003

Strong coupling in a single quantum dot semiconductor microcavity system conference, February 2006

Terahertz Polaritonics journal, August 2007

General recipe for designing photonic crystal cavities journal, January 2005

Manipulation of photons in a cavity by dispersive atom-field coupling: Quantum-nondemolition measurements and generation of ‘‘Schrödinger cat’’ states journal, April 1992

Direct detection of magnon spin transport by the inverse spin Hall effect journal, February 2012

Large rotating field entropy change in ErFeO 3 single crystal with angular distribution contribution journal, October 2013

Subcycle quantum electrodynamics journal, January 2017

Growth rate dependence of the NdFeO3 single crystal grown by float-zone technique journal, March 2011

Observation of Dicke cooperativity in magnetic interactions journal, August 2018

Impulsive Generation of Coherent Magnons by Linearly Polarized Light in the Easy-Plane Antiferromagnet FeBO 3 journal, October 2007

Submillimeter Spectroscopy of Antiferromagnetic Dielectrics: Rare-Earth Orthoferrites book, August 1995

Manipulating quantum entanglement with atoms and photons in a cavity journal, August 2001

Experimental and theoretical analysis of THz-frequency, direction-dependent, phonon polariton modes in a subwavelength, anisotropic slab waveguide journal, January 2010

Quantum Rabi Oscillation: A Direct Test of Field Quantization in a Cavity journal, March 1996

Observation of the coupled exciton-photon mode splitting in a semiconductor quantum microcavity journal, December 1992

Strong coupling in a single quantum dot–semiconductor microcavity system journal, November 2004

Observation of normal-mode splitting for an atom in an optical cavity journal, February 1992

Nonlinear, elastic, piezoelectric, electrostrictive, and dielectric constants of lithium niobate journal, February 1987

Impulsive stimulated Raman scattering experiments in the polariton regime journal, January 1992

Generation of high power tunable multicycle teraherz pulses journal, August 2011

The Atom-Cavity Microscope: Single Atoms Bound in Orbit by Single Photons journal, February 2000

Polaritons: the electromagnetic modes of media journal, July 1974

Electro-optic detection of THz radiation in LiTaO3, LiNbO3 and ZnTe journal, June 1997

Quantum information processing with atoms and photons journal, March 2002

Transmission of electrical signals by spin-wave interconversion in a magnetic insulator journal, March 2010

Cavity optomechanics journal, December 2014

Time-resolved imaging of near-fields in THz antennas and direct quantitative measurement of field enhancements journal, January 2012

Strong coupling of a single photon to a superconducting qubit using circuit quantum electrodynamics journal, September 2004

Temperature dependence of the Raman modes in LiNbO 3 and mechanism of the phase transition journal, September 1997

Generation of 10μJ ultrashort terahertz pulses by optical rectification journal, April 2007

Coherent terahertz control of antiferromagnetic spin waves journal, November 2010

Magnetic and electric excitations in split ring resonators journal, January 2007

An effective magnetic field from optically driven phonons journal, October 2016

Long-distance propagation and damping of low-frequency phonon polaritons in LiNbO 3 journal, September 1997

Strong Coupling of a Spin Ensemble to a Superconducting Resonator journal, September 2010

Hybridizing Ferromagnetic Magnons and Microwave Photons in the Quantum Limit journal, August 2014

Direct measurement of polariton–polariton interaction strength journal, June 2017

Strong coupling between surface plasmon polaritons and emitters: a review journal, December 2014

Direct sampling of electric-field vacuum fluctuations journal, October 2015

Collective non-perturbative coupling of 2D electrons with high-quality-factor terahertz cavity photons journal, August 2016

Bose–Einstein condensation of exciton polaritons journal, September 2006

Atomic physics and quantum optics using superconducting circuits conference, January 2013

Quantitative Determination of Sources of the Electro-Optic Effect in LiNb O 3 and LiTa O 3 journal, August 1967

Bose-Einstein Condensation of Long-Lifetime Polaritons in Thermal Equilibrium journal, January 2017

Quantitative Determination of Sources of the Electro-optic Effect in LiNb O 3 and LiTa O 3 journal, February 1969

Chemically assisted femtosecond laser machining for applications in LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 journal, July 2013

Vacuum Rabi splitting as a feature of linear-dispersion theory: Analysis and experimental observations journal, May 1990

Vacuum Rabi splitting with a single quantum dot in a photonic crystal nanocavity journal, November 2004

Cavity Plasmonics: Large Normal Mode Splitting of Electric and Magnetic Particle Plasmons Induced by a Photonic Microcavity journal, November 2010

Neutron-scattering studies of spin waves in rare-earth orthoferrites journal, September 1974

Growth and surface morphology of ErFeO3 single crystal journal, March 2011

Temperature dependence of the absorption and refraction of Mg-doped congruent and stoichiometric LiNbO3 in the THz range journal, June 2005

Atomic physics and quantum optics using superconducting circuits journal, June 2011

Inhibited Spontaneous Emission in Solid-State Physics and Electronics journal, May 1987

Mode structure of the L3 photonic crystal cavity journal, June 2007

Coherent terahertz control of antiferromagnetic spin waves text, January 2011

Quantum computers journal, December 2002

Coherent Control of Spin Precession Motion with Impulsive Magnetic Fields of Half-Cycle Terahertz Radiation journal, December 2010

The homogenization limit and waveguide gradient index devices demonstrated through direct visualization of THz fields journal, January 2015

Dielectric Properties and Optical Phonons in LiNb O 3 journal, June 1967

High Cooperativity in Coupled Microwave Resonator Ferrimagnetic Insulator Hybrids
journal, September 2013

Ultrafast non-thermal control of magnetization by instantaneous photomagnetic pulses
journal, May 2005

Nonlinear spin control by terahertz-driven anisotropy fields
journal, October 2016

Quantum computers
journal, March 2010

Spin dynamics of antiferromagnets under action of femtosecond laser pulses (Review Article)
journal, February 2014

High-Resolution, Low-Noise Imaging in THz Polaritonics
journal, May 2013

Strongly Coupled Magnons and Cavity Microwave Photons
journal, October 2014

Coherent Two-Dimensional Terahertz Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Collective Spin Waves
journal, May 2017

Magnetic polariton, impurity mode enhancement, and superradiance effects in FeF2
journal, December 1978

Spatiotemporal Coherent Control of Lattice Vibrational Waves
journal, January 2003

Vacuum Rabi splitting in semiconductors
journal, February 2006

Detection of Coherent Magnons via Ultrafast Pump-Probe Reflectance Spectroscopy in Multiferroic ${Ba}_{0.6} {Sr}_{1.4} {Zn}_{2} {Fe}_{12} O_{22}$
journal, August 2008

Strong localization of photons in certain disordered dielectric superlattices
journal, June 1987

Submillimeter backward-wave oscillator spectroscopy of the rare-earth orthoferrites
journal, November 1993

Quantum-To-Classical Transition in Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics
journal, October 2010

Coherent phonon polaritons as probes of anharmonic phonons in ferroelectrics
journal, April 1998

Surface plasmon subwavelength optics
journal, August 2003

Strong coupling in a single quantum dot semiconductor microcavity system
conference, February 2006

Terahertz Polaritonics
journal, August 2007

General recipe for designing photonic crystal cavities
journal, January 2005

Manipulation of photons in a cavity by dispersive atom-field coupling: Quantum-nondemolition measurements and generation of ‘‘Schrödinger cat’’ states
journal, April 1992

Direct detection of magnon spin transport by the inverse spin Hall effect
journal, February 2012

Large rotating field entropy change in ErFeO ₃ single crystal with angular distribution contribution
journal, October 2013

Subcycle quantum electrodynamics
journal, January 2017

Growth rate dependence of the NdFeO3 single crystal grown by float-zone technique
journal, March 2011

Observation of Dicke cooperativity in magnetic interactions
journal, August 2018

Impulsive Generation of Coherent Magnons by Linearly Polarized Light in the Easy-Plane Antiferromagnet ${FeBO}_{3}$
journal, October 2007

Submillimeter Spectroscopy of Antiferromagnetic Dielectrics: Rare-Earth Orthoferrites
book, August 1995

Manipulating quantum entanglement with atoms and photons in a cavity
journal, August 2001

Experimental and theoretical analysis of THz-frequency, direction-dependent, phonon polariton modes in a subwavelength, anisotropic slab waveguide
journal, January 2010

Quantum Rabi Oscillation: A Direct Test of Field Quantization in a Cavity
journal, March 1996

Observation of the coupled exciton-photon mode splitting in a semiconductor quantum microcavity
journal, December 1992

Strong coupling in a single quantum dot–semiconductor microcavity system
journal, November 2004

Observation of normal-mode splitting for an atom in an optical cavity
journal, February 1992

Nonlinear, elastic, piezoelectric, electrostrictive, and dielectric constants of lithium niobate
journal, February 1987

Impulsive stimulated Raman scattering experiments in the polariton regime
journal, January 1992

Generation of high power tunable multicycle teraherz pulses
journal, August 2011

The Atom-Cavity Microscope: Single Atoms Bound in Orbit by Single Photons
journal, February 2000

Polaritons: the electromagnetic modes of media
journal, July 1974

Electro-optic detection of THz radiation in LiTaO3, LiNbO3 and ZnTe
journal, June 1997

Quantum information processing with atoms and photons
journal, March 2002

Transmission of electrical signals by spin-wave interconversion in a magnetic insulator
journal, March 2010

Cavity optomechanics
journal, December 2014

Time-resolved imaging of near-fields in THz antennas and direct quantitative measurement of field enhancements
journal, January 2012

Strong coupling of a single photon to a superconducting qubit using circuit quantum electrodynamics
journal, September 2004

Temperature dependence of the Raman modes in ${LiNbO}_{3}$ and mechanism of the phase transition
journal, September 1997

Generation of 10μJ ultrashort terahertz pulses by optical rectification
journal, April 2007

Coherent terahertz control of antiferromagnetic spin waves
journal, November 2010

Magnetic and electric excitations in split ring resonators
journal, January 2007

An effective magnetic field from optically driven phonons
journal, October 2016

Long-distance propagation and damping of low-frequency phonon polaritons in ${LiNbO}_{3}$
journal, September 1997

Strong Coupling of a Spin Ensemble to a Superconducting Resonator
journal, September 2010

Hybridizing Ferromagnetic Magnons and Microwave Photons in the Quantum Limit
journal, August 2014

Direct measurement of polariton–polariton interaction strength
journal, June 2017

Strong coupling between surface plasmon polaritons and emitters: a review
journal, December 2014

Direct sampling of electric-field vacuum fluctuations
journal, October 2015

Collective non-perturbative coupling of 2D electrons with high-quality-factor terahertz cavity photons
journal, August 2016

Bose–Einstein condensation of exciton polaritons
journal, September 2006

Atomic physics and quantum optics using superconducting circuits
conference, January 2013

Quantitative Determination of Sources of the Electro-Optic Effect in LiNb $O_{3}$ and LiTa $O_{3}$
journal, August 1967

Bose-Einstein Condensation of Long-Lifetime Polaritons in Thermal Equilibrium
journal, January 2017

Quantitative Determination of Sources of the Electro-optic Effect in LiNb $O_{3}$ and LiTa $O_{3}$
journal, February 1969

Chemically assisted femtosecond laser machining for applications in LiNbO3 and LiTaO3
journal, July 2013

Vacuum Rabi splitting as a feature of linear-dispersion theory: Analysis and experimental observations
journal, May 1990

Vacuum Rabi splitting with a single quantum dot in a photonic crystal nanocavity
journal, November 2004

Cavity Plasmonics: Large Normal Mode Splitting of Electric and Magnetic Particle Plasmons Induced by a Photonic Microcavity
journal, November 2010

Neutron-scattering studies of spin waves in rare-earth orthoferrites
journal, September 1974

Growth and surface morphology of ErFeO3 single crystal
journal, March 2011

Temperature dependence of the absorption and refraction of Mg-doped congruent and stoichiometric LiNbO3 in the THz range
journal, June 2005

Atomic physics and quantum optics using superconducting circuits
journal, June 2011

Inhibited Spontaneous Emission in Solid-State Physics and Electronics
journal, May 1987

Mode structure of the L3 photonic crystal cavity
journal, June 2007

Coherent terahertz control of antiferromagnetic spin waves
text, January 2011

Quantum computers
journal, December 2002

Coherent Control of Spin Precession Motion with Impulsive Magnetic Fields of Half-Cycle Terahertz Radiation
journal, December 2010

The homogenization limit and waveguide gradient index devices demonstrated through direct visualization of THz fields
journal, January 2015

Dielectric Properties and Optical Phonons in LiNb $O_{3}$
journal, June 1967

Self-Similar Nanocavity Design with Ultrasmall Mode Volume for Single-Photon Nonlinearities
journal, May 2017

Cavity QED with Diamond Nanocrystals and Silica Microspheres
journal, September 2006

Quantum Information Processing Using Quantum Dot Spins and Cavity QED
journal, November 1999