Tuning inelastic light scattering via symmetry control in the two-dimensional magnet CrI₃

Journal Article · 06 January 2020 · Nature Nanotechnology

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-019-0598-4 · OSTI ID:1609042

Huang, Bevin  ^[1]; Cenker, John ^[1]; Zhang, Xiaoou ^[2]; Ray, Essance L. ^[1]; Song, Tiancheng  ^[1]; Taniguchi, Takashi ^[3]; Watanabe, Kenji  ^[3]; McGuire, Michael A.  ^[4]; Xiao, Di ^[2]; Xu, Xiaodong  ^[1]

---

1. Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)
2. Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA (United States)
3. National Inst. for Materials Science, Tsukuba (Japan)
4. Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

The coupling between spin and charge degrees of freedom in a crystal gives rise to magneto-optical effects with applications in the sensitive detection of local magnetic order, optical modulation and data storage. In two-dimensional magnets these effects manifest themselves in the large magneto-optical Kerr effect, spontaneous helical light emission from ferromagnetic (FM) monolayers and electric-field induced Kerr rotation and giant second-order non-reciprocal optical effects in antiferromagnetic (AFM) bilayers. Here we demonstrate the tuning of inelastically scattered light through symmetry control in atomically thin chromium triiodide (CrI₃). In monolayers, we found an extraordinarily large magneto-optical Raman effect from an A_1g phonon mode due to the emergence of FM order. The linearly polarized, inelastically scattered light rotates by ~40°, more than two orders of magnitude larger than the rotation from the magneto-optical Kerr effect under the same experimental conditions. In CrI₃ bilayers, the same phonon mode becomes Davydov-split into two modes of opposite parity, which exhibit divergent selection rules that depend on inversion symmetry and the underlying magnetic order. We demonstrate the magneto-electrical control over these selection rules by activating or suppressing Raman activity for the odd-parity phonon mode and the magneto-optical rotation of scattered light from the even-parity phonon mode. Finally, our work underlines the unique opportunities provided by two-dimensional magnets to control the combined time-reversal and inversion symmetries to manipulate Raman optical selection rules and for exploring emergent magneto-optical effects and spin–phonon coupled physics.

• Research Organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
• Sponsoring Organization: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan
• Grant/Contract Number: AC05-00OR22725; SC0012509; JP15K21722
• OSTI ID: 1609042
• Journal Information: Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 15, Issue 3; ISSN 1748-3387
• Publisher: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English