Observation of Radar Echoes from High-Energy Particle Cascades

Prohira, S.; de Vries, K. D.; Allison, P.; Beatty, J.; Besson, D.; Connolly, A.; van Eijndhoven, N.; Hast, C.; Kuo, C. -Y.; Latif, U. A.; Meures, T.; Nam, J.; Nozdrina, A.; Ralston, J. P.; Riesen, Z.; Sbrocco, C.; Torres, J.; Wissel, S.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.124.091101

Title: Observation of Radar Echoes from High-Energy Particle Cascades

Abstract

We report here the observation of radar echoes from the ionization trails of high-energy particle cascades. Data were taken at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, where the full electron beam ( $~ 10^{9} e^{-}$ at $~ 10 GeV / e^{-}$ ) was directed into a plastic target to simulate an ultrahigh-energy neutrino interaction. The target was interrogated with radio waves, and coherent radio reflections from the cascades were detected with properties consistent with theoretical expectations. This is the first definitive observation of radar echoes from high-energy particle cascades, which could lead to a viable neutrino detection technology for energies $≳ 10^{16} eV$ .

Authors:

^[1];

^[2]; Allison, P. ^[1];

^[1];

^[3];

^[1];

^[2];

^[4]; Kuo, C. -Y. ^[5];

^[6]; Meures, T. ^[7]; Nam, J. ^[5];

^[6]; Ralston, J. P. ^[6];

^[8]; Sbrocco, C. ^[1];

^[1]; Wissel, S. ^[8]

The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States)
Vrije Univ., Amsterdam (Netherlands)
Univ. of Kansas, Lawrence, KS (United States); Moscow Engineering Physics Univ., Moscow (Russian Federation)
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
National Taiwan Univ., Taipei (Taiwan)
Univ. of Kansas, Lawrence, KS (United States)
Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)
California Polytechnic State Univ. (CalPoly), San Luis Obispo, CA (United States)

Publication Date:: 2020-03-06

Research Org.:: SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States); Oak Ridge Associated Univ., Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC); European Research Council (ERC)

OSTI Identifier:: 1608339

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1603734

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515; SC0014664; 805486; 172922; 14.А12.31.0006; FWO-12L3715N

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Physical Review Letters

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 124; Journal Issue: 9; Journal ID: ISSN 0031-9007

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; 43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS

Citation Formats


                    Prohira, S., de Vries, K. D., Allison, P., Beatty, J., Besson, D., Connolly, A., van Eijndhoven, N., Hast, C., Kuo, C. -Y., Latif, U. A., Meures, T., Nam, J., Nozdrina, A., Ralston, J. P., Riesen, Z., Sbrocco, C., Torres, J., and Wissel, S. Observation of Radar Echoes from High-Energy Particle Cascades.  United States: N. p., 2020. 
        Web.  doi:10.1103/physrevlett.124.091101.

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                    Prohira, S., de Vries, K. D., Allison, P., Beatty, J., Besson, D., Connolly, A., van Eijndhoven, N., Hast, C., Kuo, C. -Y., Latif, U. A., Meures, T., Nam, J., Nozdrina, A., Ralston, J. P., Riesen, Z., Sbrocco, C., Torres, J., & Wissel, S. Observation of Radar Echoes from High-Energy Particle Cascades.  United States.  doi:https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.124.091101

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                    Prohira, S., de Vries, K. D., Allison, P., Beatty, J., Besson, D., Connolly, A., van Eijndhoven, N., Hast, C., Kuo, C. -Y., Latif, U. A., Meures, T., Nam, J., Nozdrina, A., Ralston, J. P., Riesen, Z., Sbrocco, C., Torres, J., and Wissel, S. Fri .  
        "Observation of Radar Echoes from High-Energy Particle Cascades".  United States.  doi:https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.124.091101.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1608339.

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@article{osti_1608339,

  title        = {Observation of Radar Echoes from High-Energy Particle Cascades},

  author       = {Prohira, S. and de Vries, K. D. and Allison, P. and Beatty, J. and Besson, D. and Connolly, A. and van Eijndhoven, N. and Hast, C. and Kuo, C. -Y. and Latif, U. A. and Meures, T. and Nam, J. and Nozdrina, A. and Ralston, J. P. and Riesen, Z. and Sbrocco, C. and Torres, J. and Wissel, S.},

  abstractNote = {We report here the observation of radar echoes from the ionization trails of high-energy particle cascades. Data were taken at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, where the full electron beam (~109e- at ~10GeV/e-) was directed into a plastic target to simulate an ultrahigh-energy neutrino interaction. The target was interrogated with radio waves, and coherent radio reflections from the cascades were detected with properties consistent with theoretical expectations. This is the first definitive observation of radar echoes from high-energy particle cascades, which could lead to a viable neutrino detection technology for energies ≳1016eV.},

  doi          = {10.1103/physrevlett.124.091101},

  journal      = {Physical Review Letters},

  number       = 9,

  volume       = 124,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2020},

  month        = {3}

}

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.124.091101

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Title: Observation of Radar Echoes from High-Energy Particle Cascades

Abstract

Citation Formats

Probing the radio emission from air showers with polarization measurements journal, March 2014

First upper limits on the radar cross section of cosmic-ray induced extensive air showers journal, January 2017

Electromagnetic pulses from high-energy showers: Implications for neutrino detection journal, January 1992

The prototyping/early construction phase of the BAIKAL-GVD project journal, April 2014

A Radio Detector Array for Cosmic Neutrinos on the Ross Ice Shelf journal, April 2013

Radioelectric field features of extensive air showers observed with CODALEMA journal, November 2006

On the possibility of radar echo detection of ultra-high energy cosmic ray- and neutrino-induced extensive air showers journal, April 2001

Radio-wave detection of ultra-high-energy neutrinos and cosmic rays journal, November 2017

Nanosecond time-resolved conductivity studies of pulse-ionized ice. 1. The mobility and trapping of conduction-band electrons in water and deuterium oxide ice journal, October 1983

On radio detection of ultrahigh energy neutrinos in Antarctic ice journal, February 1996

IceCube-Gen2: the next-generation neutrino observatory for the South Pole conference, August 2018

Telescope Array Radar (TARA) observatory for Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays journal, December 2014

Suggestion of coherent radio reflections from an electron-beam induced particle cascade journal, October 2019

ANTARES: The first undersea neutrino telescope journal, November 2011

Tokyo large air shower project journal, May 1968

Measurement of a phase of a radio wave reflected from rock salt and ice irradiated by an electron beam for detection of ultra-high-energy neutrinos conference, January 2013

Coherent radio emission from the electron beam sudden appearance journal, December 2018

On the feasibility of RADAR detection of high-energy neutrino-induced showers in ice journal, January 2015

Radio-frequency measurements of coherent transition and Cherenkov radiation: Implications for high-energy neutrino detection journal, December 2000

Particle-level model for radar based detection of high-energy neutrino cascades journal, April 2019

Radio detection of cosmic-ray air showers and high-energy neutrinos journal, March 2017

The Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna ultra-high energy neutrino detector: Design, performance, and sensitivity for the 2006–2007 balloon flight journal, August 2009

Detection and imaging of atmospheric radio flashes from cosmic ray air showers journal, May 2005

An evaluation of the exposure in nadir observation of the JEM-EUSO mission journal, April 2013

An in situ measurement of the radio-frequency attenuation in ice at Summit Station, Greenland journal, January 2015

The KM3NeT deep-sea neutrino telescope journal, December 2014

RICE limits on the diffuse ultrahigh energy neutrino flux journal, April 2006

Design and initial performance of the Askaryan Radio Array prototype EeV neutrino detector at the South Pole journal, February 2012

The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection (GRAND): Science and design journal, August 2019

Geant4—a simulation toolkit journal, July 2003

Evidence for observation of virtual radio Cherenkov fields journal, November 2008

Relativistic effects in radar detection of ionization fronts produced by ultra-high energy cosmic rays journal, June 2010

X-Ray-Induced Photoconductivity in Dielectric Films journal, January 1972

South Polar in situ radio-frequency ice attenuation journal, January 2005

Feasibility of radar detection of extensive air showers journal, January 2016

Observation of the Askaryan Effect: Coherent Microwave Cherenkov Emission from Charge Asymmetry in High-Energy Particle Cascades journal, March 2001

In situ radioglaciological measurements near Taylor Dome, Antarctica and implications for ultra-high energy (UHE) neutrino astronomy journal, March 2008

Accelerator Measurements of Magnetically Induced Radio Emission from Particle Cascades with Applications to Cosmic-Ray Air Showers journal, April 2016

Probing the radio emission from air showers with polarization measurements
journal, March 2014

First upper limits on the radar cross section of cosmic-ray induced extensive air showers
journal, January 2017

Electromagnetic pulses from high-energy showers: Implications for neutrino detection
journal, January 1992

The prototyping/early construction phase of the BAIKAL-GVD project
journal, April 2014

A Radio Detector Array for Cosmic Neutrinos on the Ross Ice Shelf
journal, April 2013

Radioelectric field features of extensive air showers observed with CODALEMA
journal, November 2006

On the possibility of radar echo detection of ultra-high energy cosmic ray- and neutrino-induced extensive air showers
journal, April 2001

Radio-wave detection of ultra-high-energy neutrinos and cosmic rays
journal, November 2017

Nanosecond time-resolved conductivity studies of pulse-ionized ice. 1. The mobility and trapping of conduction-band electrons in water and deuterium oxide ice
journal, October 1983

On radio detection of ultrahigh energy neutrinos in Antarctic ice
journal, February 1996

IceCube-Gen2: the next-generation neutrino observatory for the South Pole
conference, August 2018

Telescope Array Radar (TARA) observatory for Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays
journal, December 2014

Suggestion of coherent radio reflections from an electron-beam induced particle cascade
journal, October 2019

ANTARES: The first undersea neutrino telescope
journal, November 2011

Tokyo large air shower project
journal, May 1968

Measurement of a phase of a radio wave reflected from rock salt and ice irradiated by an electron beam for detection of ultra-high-energy neutrinos
conference, January 2013

Coherent radio emission from the electron beam sudden appearance
journal, December 2018

On the feasibility of RADAR detection of high-energy neutrino-induced showers in ice
journal, January 2015

Radio-frequency measurements of coherent transition and Cherenkov radiation: Implications for high-energy neutrino detection
journal, December 2000

Particle-level model for radar based detection of high-energy neutrino cascades
journal, April 2019

Radio detection of cosmic-ray air showers and high-energy neutrinos
journal, March 2017

The Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna ultra-high energy neutrino detector: Design, performance, and sensitivity for the 2006–2007 balloon flight
journal, August 2009

Detection and imaging of atmospheric radio flashes from cosmic ray air showers
journal, May 2005

An evaluation of the exposure in nadir observation of the JEM-EUSO mission
journal, April 2013

An in situ measurement of the radio-frequency attenuation in ice at Summit Station, Greenland
journal, January 2015

The KM3NeT deep-sea neutrino telescope
journal, December 2014

RICE limits on the diffuse ultrahigh energy neutrino flux
journal, April 2006

Design and initial performance of the Askaryan Radio Array prototype EeV neutrino detector at the South Pole
journal, February 2012

The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection (GRAND): Science and design
journal, August 2019

Geant4—a simulation toolkit
journal, July 2003

Evidence for observation of virtual radio Cherenkov fields
journal, November 2008

Relativistic effects in radar detection of ionization fronts produced by ultra-high energy cosmic rays
journal, June 2010

X-Ray-Induced Photoconductivity in Dielectric Films
journal, January 1972

South Polar in situ radio-frequency ice attenuation
journal, January 2005

Feasibility of radar detection of extensive air showers
journal, January 2016

Observation of the Askaryan Effect: Coherent Microwave Cherenkov Emission from Charge Asymmetry in High-Energy Particle Cascades
journal, March 2001

In situ radioglaciological measurements near Taylor Dome, Antarctica and implications for ultra-high energy (UHE) neutrino astronomy
journal, March 2008

Accelerator Measurements of Magnetically Induced Radio Emission from Particle Cascades with Applications to Cosmic-Ray Air Showers
journal, April 2016