A Comprehensive Characterization of Pyrolysis Oil from Softwood Barks

Ben, Haoxi; Wu, Fengze; Wu, Zhihong; Han, Guangting; Jiang, Wei; Ragauskas, Arthur J.

doi:10.3390/polym11091387

Title: A Comprehensive Characterization of Pyrolysis Oil from Softwood Barks

Journal Article · 22 August 2019 · Polymers

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11091387 · OSTI ID:1606833

Ben, Haoxi ^[1]; Wu, Fengze ^[1];

^[1]; Han, Guangting ^[2]; Jiang, Wei ^[2];

^[3]

Southeast Univ., Nanjing (China)
Qingdao Univ. (China)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Joint Institute for Biological Sciences (JICS); Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)

Pyrolysis of raw pine bark, pine, and Douglas-Fir bark was examined. The pyrolysis oil yields of raw pine bark, pine, and Douglas-Fir bark at 500 °C were 29.18%, 26.67%, and 26.65%, respectively. Both energy densification ratios (1.32–1.56) and energy yields (48.40–54.31%) of char are higher than pyrolysis oils (energy densification ratios: 1.13–1.19, energy yields: 30.16–34.42%). The pyrolysis oils have higher heating values (~25 MJ/kg) than bio-oils (~20 MJ/kg) from wood and agricultural residues, and the higher heating values of char (~31 MJ/kg) are comparable to that of many commercial coals. The elemental analysis indicated that the lower O/C value and higher H/C value represent a more valuable source of energy for pyrolysis oils than biomass. The nuclear magnetic resonance results demonstrated that the most abundant hydroxyl groups of pyrolysis oil are aliphatic OH groups, catechol, guaiacol, and p-hydroxy-phenyl OH groups. The aliphatic OH groups are mainly derived from the cleavage of cellulose glycosidic bonds, while the catechol, guaiacol, and p-hydroxy-phenyl OH groups are mostly attributed to the cleavage of the lignin β–O-4 bond. Significant amount of aromatic carbon (~40%) in pyrolysis oils is obtained from tannin and lignin components and the aromatic C–O bonds may be formed by a radical reaction between the aromatic and aliphatic hydroxyl groups. In this study, a comprehensive analytical method was developed to fully understand and evaluate the pyrolysis products produced from softwood barks, which could offer valuable information on the pyrolysis mechanism of biomass and promote better utilization of pyrolysis products.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1606833

Journal Information:: Polymers, Journal Name: Polymers Journal Issue: 9 Vol. 11; ISSN POLYCK; ISSN 2073-4360

Publisher:: MDPICopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Characterization of Various Fast-Pyrolysis Bio-Oils by NMR Spectroscopy ^† Mullen, Charles A.; Strahan, Gary D.; Boateng, Akwasi A. Energy & Fuels, Vol. 23, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/ef801048b	journal	May 2009
Production of Bio-oil from Alfalfa Stems by Fluidized-Bed Fast Pyrolysis ^† Boateng, Akwasi A.; Mullen, Charles A.; Goldberg, Neil Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Vol. 47, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/ie800096g	journal	June 2008
Switchgrass as an energy crop for biofuel production: A review of its ligno-cellulosic chemical properties David, Kasi; Ragauskas, Arthur J. Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 3, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1039/b926617h	journal	January 2010
Torrefaction of Loblolly pine Ben, Haoxi; Ragauskas, Arthur J. Green Chem., Vol. 14, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1039/c1gc15570a	journal	January 2012
Pyrolysis oils from CO2 precipitated Kraft lignin Kosa, Matyas; Ben, Haoxi; Theliander, Hans Green Chemistry, Vol. 13, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1039/c1gc15818j	journal	January 2011
Pyrolysis of Pine ( Pinus Brutia Ten.) Chips: 1. Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature and Heating Rate on the Product Yields Şensöz, Sevgi; Can, Mukaddes Energy Sources, Vol. 24, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1080/00908310252888727	journal	April 2002
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Poplar as a feedstock for biofuels: A review of compositional characteristics Sannigrahi, Poulomi; Ragauskas, Arthur J.; Tuskan, Gerald A. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining, Vol. 4, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.206	journal	March 2010
Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Cellulose to Prepare Levoglucosenone Using Sulfated Zirconia Wang, Zhi; Lu, Qiang; Zhu, Xi-Feng ChemSusChem, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201000210	journal	November 2010
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Effect of blending ratio of loblolly pine wood and bark on the properties of pyrolysis bio-oils Ren, Xueyong; Meng, Jiajia; Chang, Jianmin Fuel Processing Technology, Vol. 167 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2017.06.025	journal	December 2017
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Fast pyrolysis of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) waste in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor Makkawi, Yassir; El Sayed, Yehya; Salih, Mubarak Renewable Energy, Vol. 143 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.05.028	journal	December 2019
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Catalytic Transformation of Lignin for the Production of Chemicals and Fuels Li, Changzhi; Zhao, Xiaochen; Wang, Aiqin Chemical Reviews, Vol. 115, Issue 21, p. 11559-11624 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00155	journal	October 2015
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Pyrolysis of Wood and Bark in an Auger Reactor: Physical Properties and Chemical Analysis of the Produced Bio-oils Ingram, Leonard; Mohan, Dinesh; Bricka, Mark Energy & Fuels, Vol. 22, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/ef700335k	journal	January 2008
Towards a Lignincellulosic Biorefinery: Direct One-Step Conversion of Lignin to Hydrogen-Enriched Biofuel Kleinert, Mike; Barth, Tanja Energy & Fuels, Vol. 22, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/ef700631w	journal	March 2008
Characterization of Various Fast-Pyrolysis Bio-Oils by NMR Spectroscopy ^† Mullen, Charles A.; Strahan, Gary D.; Boateng, Akwasi A. Energy & Fuels, Vol. 23, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/ef801048b	journal	May 2009
Production of Bio-oil from Alfalfa Stems by Fluidized-Bed Fast Pyrolysis ^† Boateng, Akwasi A.; Mullen, Charles A.; Goldberg, Neil Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Vol. 47, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/ie800096g	journal	June 2008
Torrefaction of Loblolly pine Ben, Haoxi; Ragauskas, Arthur J. Green Chem., Vol. 14, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1039/C1GC15570A	journal	January 2012
Hydrogenation of fourteen biomass-derived phenolics in water and in methanol: their distinct reaction behaviours Zhang, Lijun; Hu, Guangzhi; Hu, Song Sustainable Energy & Fuels, Vol. 2, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1039/C8SE00006A	journal	January 2018
Switchgrass as an energy crop for biofuel production: A review of its ligno-cellulosic chemical properties David, Kasi; Ragauskas, Arthur J. Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 3, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1039/b926617h	journal	January 2010
Pyrolysis oils from CO2 precipitated Kraft lignin Kosa, Matyas; Ben, Haoxi; Theliander, Hans Green Chemistry, Vol. 13, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1039/c1gc15818j	journal	January 2011
Pyrolysis of Pine ( Pinus Brutia Ten.) Chips: 1. Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature and Heating Rate on the Product Yields Şensöz, Sevgi; Can, Mukaddes Energy Sources, Vol. 24, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1080/00908310252888727	journal	April 2002
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Pyrolytic Behavior of Major Biomass Components in Waste Biomass Ben, Haoxi; Wu, Zhihong; Han, Guangting Polymers, Vol. 11, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11020324	journal	February 2019
Chemical characterization and water content determination of bio-oils obtained from various biomass species using ³¹ P NMR spectroscopy David, Kasi; Ben, Haoxi; Muzzy, John Biofuels, Vol. 3, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.4155/bfs.12.1	journal	March 2012

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37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
biochar
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Title: A Comprehensive Characterization of Pyrolysis Oil from Softwood Barks

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