A Comprehensive Characterization of Pyrolysis Oil from Softwood Barks

Ben, Haoxi; Wu, Fengze; Wu, Zhihong; Han, Guangting; Jiang, Wei; Ragauskas, Arthur J.

doi:10.3390/polym11091387

Title: A Comprehensive Characterization of Pyrolysis Oil from Softwood Barks

Abstract

Pyrolysis of raw pine bark, pine, and Douglas-Fir bark was examined. The pyrolysis oil yields of raw pine bark, pine, and Douglas-Fir bark at 500 °C were 29.18%, 26.67%, and 26.65%, respectively. Both energy densification ratios (1.32–1.56) and energy yields (48.40–54.31%) of char are higher than pyrolysis oils (energy densification ratios: 1.13–1.19, energy yields: 30.16–34.42%). The pyrolysis oils have higher heating values (~25 MJ/kg) than bio-oils (~20 MJ/kg) from wood and agricultural residues, and the higher heating values of char (~31 MJ/kg) are comparable to that of many commercial coals. The elemental analysis indicated that the lower O/C value and higher H/C value represent a more valuable source of energy for pyrolysis oils than biomass. The nuclear magnetic resonance results demonstrated that the most abundant hydroxyl groups of pyrolysis oil are aliphatic OH groups, catechol, guaiacol, and p-hydroxy-phenyl OH groups. The aliphatic OH groups are mainly derived from the cleavage of cellulose glycosidic bonds, while the catechol, guaiacol, and p-hydroxy-phenyl OH groups are mostly attributed to the cleavage of the lignin β–O-4 bond. Significant amount of aromatic carbon (~40%) in pyrolysis oils is obtained from tannin and lignin components and the aromatic C–O bonds may be formed by a radicalmore »« less

Authors:

Ben, Haoxi ^[1]; Wu, Fengze ^[1];

^[1]; Han, Guangting ^[2]; Jiang, Wei ^[2];

^[3]

Southeast Univ., Nanjing (China)
Qingdao Univ. (China)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Joint Institute for Biological Sciences (JICS); Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)

Publication Date:: 2019-08-23

Research Org.:: Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1606833

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Polymers

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 11; Journal Issue: 9; Journal ID: ISSN 2073-4360

Publisher:: MDPI

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; pyrolysis oils; biochar; elemental analysis; nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis

Citation Formats


                    Ben, Haoxi, Wu, Fengze, Wu, Zhihong, Han, Guangting, Jiang, Wei, and Ragauskas, Arthur J. A Comprehensive Characterization of Pyrolysis Oil from Softwood Barks.  United States: N. p., 2019. 
Web.  doi:10.3390/polym11091387.

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                    Ben, Haoxi, Wu, Fengze, Wu, Zhihong, Han, Guangting, Jiang, Wei, & Ragauskas, Arthur J. A Comprehensive Characterization of Pyrolysis Oil from Softwood Barks.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11091387

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                    Ben, Haoxi, Wu, Fengze, Wu, Zhihong, Han, Guangting, Jiang, Wei, and Ragauskas, Arthur J. Fri .  
"A Comprehensive Characterization of Pyrolysis Oil from Softwood Barks".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11091387.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1606833.

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@article{osti_1606833,

  title        = {A Comprehensive Characterization of Pyrolysis Oil from Softwood Barks},

  author       = {Ben, Haoxi and Wu, Fengze and Wu, Zhihong and Han, Guangting and Jiang, Wei and Ragauskas, Arthur J.},

  abstractNote = {Pyrolysis of raw pine bark, pine, and Douglas-Fir bark was examined. The pyrolysis oil yields of raw pine bark, pine, and Douglas-Fir bark at 500 °C were 29.18%, 26.67%, and 26.65%, respectively. Both energy densification ratios (1.32–1.56) and energy yields (48.40–54.31%) of char are higher than pyrolysis oils (energy densification ratios: 1.13–1.19, energy yields: 30.16–34.42%). The pyrolysis oils have higher heating values (~25 MJ/kg) than bio-oils (~20 MJ/kg) from wood and agricultural residues, and the higher heating values of char (~31 MJ/kg) are comparable to that of many commercial coals. The elemental analysis indicated that the lower O/C value and higher H/C value represent a more valuable source of energy for pyrolysis oils than biomass. The nuclear magnetic resonance results demonstrated that the most abundant hydroxyl groups of pyrolysis oil are aliphatic OH groups, catechol, guaiacol, and p-hydroxy-phenyl OH groups. The aliphatic OH groups are mainly derived from the cleavage of cellulose glycosidic bonds, while the catechol, guaiacol, and p-hydroxy-phenyl OH groups are mostly attributed to the cleavage of the lignin β–O-4 bond. Significant amount of aromatic carbon (~40%) in pyrolysis oils is obtained from tannin and lignin components and the aromatic C–O bonds may be formed by a radical reaction between the aromatic and aliphatic hydroxyl groups. In this study, a comprehensive analytical method was developed to fully understand and evaluate the pyrolysis products produced from softwood barks, which could offer valuable information on the pyrolysis mechanism of biomass and promote better utilization of pyrolysis products.},

  doi          = {10.3390/polym11091387},

  journal      = {Polymers},

  number       = 9,

  volume       = 11,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2019},

  month        = {8}

}

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Title: A Comprehensive Characterization of Pyrolysis Oil from Softwood Barks

Abstract

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Fast pyrolysis of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) waste in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor journal, December 2019

High Aspect Ratio Carboxycellulose Nanofibers Prepared by Nitro-Oxidation Method and Their Nanopaper Properties journal, July 2018

Structure characterization of cellulose nanofiber hydrogel as functions of concentration and ionic strength journal, October 2017

Review of NMR Characterization of Pyrolysis Oils journal, August 2016

Effects of temperature on the yields and properties of bio-oil from the fast pyrolysis of mallee bark journal, June 2013

A unified correlation for estimating HHV of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels journal, May 2002

Determination of pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics of palm kernel shell using TGA–FTIR and model-free integral methods journal, January 2015

Techno-economic comparison of biomass-to-transportation fuels via pyrolysis, gasification, and biochemical pathways journal, November 2010

Evaluating levoglucosan as an indicator of biomass burning in Carajás, amazônia: a comparison to the charcoal record journal, January 2001

Influence of pyrolysis temperature and time on the cellulose fast pyrolysis products: Analytical Py-GC/MS study journal, November 2011

NMR Characterization of Pyrolysis Oils from Kraft Lignin journal, May 2011

Characterization of bio-oils obtained from pyrolysis of bocaiuva residues journal, June 2016

Hydrothermal liquefaction for algal biorefinery: A critical review journal, October 2014

Pyrolysis of Kraft Lignin with Additives journal, October 2011

Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Cellulose to Prepare Levoglucosenone Using Sulfated Zirconia journal, November 2010

Hydrogenation of fourteen biomass-derived phenolics in water and in methanol: their distinct reaction behaviours journal, January 2018

Chemical characterization and water content determination of bio-oils obtained from various biomass species using 31 P NMR spectroscopy journal, March 2012

From coal to biomass gasification: Comparison of thermodynamic efficiency journal, July 2007

Molecular characterization of biochar from five Brazilian agricultural residues obtained at different charring temperatures journal, March 2018

Pyrolysis oils from CO2 precipitated Kraft lignin journal, January 2011

Efficient Removal of Arsenic Using Zinc Oxide Nanocrystal-Decorated Regenerated Microfibrillated Cellulose Scaffolds
journal, February 2019

Chemical profiles of switchgrass
journal, May 2010

Nanocellulose from Spinifex as an Effective Adsorbent to Remove Cadmium(II) from Water
journal, January 2018

Compositional Characterization and Pyrolysis of Loblolly Pine and Douglas-fir Bark
journal, May 2012

Switchgrass as an energy crop for biofuel production: A review of its ligno-cellulosic chemical properties
journal, January 2010

Characterization of Various Fast-Pyrolysis Bio-Oils by NMR Spectroscopy ^†
journal, May 2009

A Simple Approach to Prepare Carboxycellulose Nanofibers from Untreated Biomass
journal, July 2017

Biocidal applications trends of bio-oils from pyrolysis: Characterization of several conditions and biomass, a review
journal, May 2019

Efficient Removal of UO ₂ ²⁺ from Water Using Carboxycellulose Nanofibers Prepared by the Nitro-Oxidation Method
journal, November 2017

Reaction mechanism and evolved gases of larch bark pyrolysis by TG-FTIR analysis
journal, November 2018

Review of biomass pyrolysis oil properties and upgrading research
journal, January 2007

Catalytic Transformation of Lignin for the Production of Chemicals and Fuels
journal, October 2015

Towards a Lignincellulosic Biorefinery: Direct One-Step Conversion of Lignin to Hydrogen-Enriched Biofuel
journal, March 2008

Lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis mechanism: A state-of-the-art review
journal, September 2017

Effect of blending ratio of loblolly pine wood and bark on the properties of pyrolysis bio-oils
journal, December 2017

Pyrolysis of Pine ( Pinus Brutia Ten.) Chips: 1. Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature and Heating Rate on the Product Yields
journal, April 2002

The Path Forward for Biofuels and Biomaterials
journal, January 2006

Fast pyrolysis of tannins from pine bark as a renewable source of catechols
journal, November 2018

Pyrolysis of three waste biomass: Effect of biomass bed thickness and distance between successive beds on pyrolytic products yield and properties
journal, October 2019

Fast pyrolysis behaviors of cedar in an infrared-heated fixed-bed reactor
journal, October 2019

Characterization and Comparison of Fast Pyrolysis Bio-oils from Pinewood, Rapeseed Cake, and Wheat Straw Using ¹³ C NMR and Comprehensive GC × GC
journal, July 2016

Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation–Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (HSQC–NMR) Fingerprint Analysis of Pyrolysis Oils
journal, December 2011

A Complete Analytical Characterization of Products Obtained from Pyrolysis of Wood Barks of Calophyllum inophyllum
journal, February 2018

Production of Bio-oil from Alfalfa Stems by Fluidized-Bed Fast Pyrolysis ^†
journal, June 2008

The effect of lignin and inorganic species in biomass on pyrolysis oil yields, quality and stability
journal, June 2008

Poplar as a feedstock for biofuels: A review of compositional characteristics
journal, March 2010

Effect of moisture content on the characterization of products from the pyrolysis of sewage sludge
journal, November 2013

Mechanism research on cellulose pyrolysis by Py-GC/MS and subsequent density functional theory studies
journal, January 2012

Pyrolytic Behavior of Major Biomass Components in Waste Biomass
journal, February 2019

Pyrolysis of Wood and Bark in an Auger Reactor: Physical Properties and Chemical Analysis of the Produced Bio-oils
journal, January 2008

Pyrolysis of Wood/Biomass for Bio-oil: A Critical Review
journal, May 2006

Application of the water-insoluble pyrolysis oil fraction as an organic binder
journal, January 2016

Softwood Bark Pyrolysis Oil-PF Resols. Part 1. Resin Synthesis and OSB Mechanical Properties
journal, March 2002

Fast pyrolysis of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) waste in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor
journal, December 2019

High Aspect Ratio Carboxycellulose Nanofibers Prepared by Nitro-Oxidation Method and Their Nanopaper Properties
journal, July 2018

Structure characterization of cellulose nanofiber hydrogel as functions of concentration and ionic strength
journal, October 2017

Review of NMR Characterization of Pyrolysis Oils
journal, August 2016

Effects of temperature on the yields and properties of bio-oil from the fast pyrolysis of mallee bark
journal, June 2013

A unified correlation for estimating HHV of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels
journal, May 2002

Determination of pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics of palm kernel shell using TGA–FTIR and model-free integral methods
journal, January 2015

Techno-economic comparison of biomass-to-transportation fuels via pyrolysis, gasification, and biochemical pathways
journal, November 2010

Evaluating levoglucosan as an indicator of biomass burning in Carajás, amazônia: a comparison to the charcoal record
journal, January 2001

Influence of pyrolysis temperature and time on the cellulose fast pyrolysis products: Analytical Py-GC/MS study
journal, November 2011

NMR Characterization of Pyrolysis Oils from Kraft Lignin
journal, May 2011

Characterization of bio-oils obtained from pyrolysis of bocaiuva residues
journal, June 2016

Hydrothermal liquefaction for algal biorefinery: A critical review
journal, October 2014

Pyrolysis of Kraft Lignin with Additives
journal, October 2011

Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Cellulose to Prepare Levoglucosenone Using Sulfated Zirconia
journal, November 2010

Hydrogenation of fourteen biomass-derived phenolics in water and in methanol: their distinct reaction behaviours
journal, January 2018

Chemical characterization and water content determination of bio-oils obtained from various biomass species using ³¹ P NMR spectroscopy
journal, March 2012

From coal to biomass gasification: Comparison of thermodynamic efficiency
journal, July 2007

Molecular characterization of biochar from five Brazilian agricultural residues obtained at different charring temperatures
journal, March 2018

Pyrolysis oils from CO2 precipitated Kraft lignin
journal, January 2011