A Comprehensive Characterization of Pyrolysis Oil from Softwood Barks

Ben, Haoxi; Wu, Fengze; Wu, Zhihong; Han, Guangting; Jiang, Wei; Ragauskas, Arthur J.

doi:10.3390/polym11091387

Title: A Comprehensive Characterization of Pyrolysis Oil from Softwood Barks

Journal Article · 23 August 2019 · Polymers

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11091387 · OSTI ID:1606833

Ben, Haoxi ^[1]; Wu, Fengze ^[1];

^[1]; Han, Guangting ^[2]; Jiang, Wei ^[2];

^[3]

Southeast Univ., Nanjing (China)
Qingdao Univ. (China)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Joint Institute for Biological Sciences (JICS); Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)

Pyrolysis of raw pine bark, pine, and Douglas-Fir bark was examined. The pyrolysis oil yields of raw pine bark, pine, and Douglas-Fir bark at 500 °C were 29.18%, 26.67%, and 26.65%, respectively. Both energy densification ratios (1.32–1.56) and energy yields (48.40–54.31%) of char are higher than pyrolysis oils (energy densification ratios: 1.13–1.19, energy yields: 30.16–34.42%). The pyrolysis oils have higher heating values (~25 MJ/kg) than bio-oils (~20 MJ/kg) from wood and agricultural residues, and the higher heating values of char (~31 MJ/kg) are comparable to that of many commercial coals. The elemental analysis indicated that the lower O/C value and higher H/C value represent a more valuable source of energy for pyrolysis oils than biomass. The nuclear magnetic resonance results demonstrated that the most abundant hydroxyl groups of pyrolysis oil are aliphatic OH groups, catechol, guaiacol, and p-hydroxy-phenyl OH groups. The aliphatic OH groups are mainly derived from the cleavage of cellulose glycosidic bonds, while the catechol, guaiacol, and p-hydroxy-phenyl OH groups are mostly attributed to the cleavage of the lignin β–O-4 bond. Significant amount of aromatic carbon (~40%) in pyrolysis oils is obtained from tannin and lignin components and the aromatic C–O bonds may be formed by a radical reaction between the aromatic and aliphatic hydroxyl groups. In this study, a comprehensive analytical method was developed to fully understand and evaluate the pyrolysis products produced from softwood barks, which could offer valuable information on the pyrolysis mechanism of biomass and promote better utilization of pyrolysis products.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1606833

Journal Information:: Polymers, Vol. 11, Issue 9; ISSN 2073-4360

Publisher:: MDPICopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 30 works

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A Complete Analytical Characterization of Products Obtained from Pyrolysis of Wood Barks of Calophyllum inophyllum Sakthivel, R.; Ramesh, K.; Shameer, P. Mohamed Waste and Biomass Valorization, Vol. 10, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-018-0236-7	journal	February 2018
Chemical profiles of switchgrass Hu, Zhoujian; Sykes, Robert; Davis, Mark F. Bioresource Technology, Vol. 101, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.12.033	journal	May 2010
Fast pyrolysis behaviors of cedar in an infrared-heated fixed-bed reactor Zhu, Jialong; Jin, Lijun; Li, Jiangang Bioresource Technology, Vol. 290 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121739	journal	October 2019
The effect of lignin and inorganic species in biomass on pyrolysis oil yields, quality and stability Fahmi, R.; Bridgwater, A. V.; Donnison, I. Fuel, Vol. 87, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2007.07.026	journal	June 2008
Techno-economic comparison of biomass-to-transportation fuels via pyrolysis, gasification, and biochemical pathways Anex, Robert P.; Aden, Andy; Kazi, Feroz Kabir Fuel, Vol. 89, p. S29-S35 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2010.07.015	journal	November 2010
Effects of temperature on the yields and properties of bio-oil from the fast pyrolysis of mallee bark Mourant, Daniel; Lievens, Caroline; Gunawan, Richard Fuel, Vol. 108 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2012.12.018	journal	June 2013
Effect of blending ratio of loblolly pine wood and bark on the properties of pyrolysis bio-oils Ren, Xueyong; Meng, Jiajia; Chang, Jianmin Fuel Processing Technology, Vol. 167 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2017.06.025	journal	December 2017
Effect of moisture content on the characterization of products from the pyrolysis of sewage sludge Xiong, Sijiang; Zhuo, Jiankun; Zhang, Beiping Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, Vol. 104 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2013.05.003	journal	November 2013
Fast pyrolysis of tannins from pine bark as a renewable source of catechols Pinto, Oscar; Romero, Romina; Carrier, Marion Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, Vol. 136 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2018.10.022	journal	November 2018
Biocidal applications trends of bio-oils from pyrolysis: Characterization of several conditions and biomass, a review Mattos, C.; Veloso, M. C. C.; Romeiro, G. A. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, Vol. 139 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2018.12.029	journal	May 2019
Lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis mechanism: A state-of-the-art review Wang, Shurong; Dai, Gongxin; Yang, Haiping Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, Vol. 62 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2017.05.004	journal	September 2017
Pyrolysis of three waste biomass: Effect of biomass bed thickness and distance between successive beds on pyrolytic products yield and properties Mishra, Ranjeet Kumar; Mohanty, Kaustubha Renewable Energy, Vol. 141 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.04.044	journal	October 2019
Fast pyrolysis of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) waste in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor Makkawi, Yassir; El Sayed, Yehya; Salih, Mubarak Renewable Energy, Vol. 143 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.05.028	journal	December 2019
Hydrothermal liquefaction for algal biorefinery: A critical review Tian, Chunyan; Li, Baoming; Liu, Zhidan Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 38 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.07.030	journal	October 2014
A Simple Approach to Prepare Carboxycellulose Nanofibers from Untreated Biomass Sharma, Priyanka R.; Joshi, Ritika; Sharma, Sunil K. Biomacromolecules, Vol. 18, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00544	journal	July 2017
Catalytic Transformation of Lignin for the Production of Chemicals and Fuels Li, Changzhi; Zhao, Xiaochen; Wang, Aiqin Chemical Reviews, Vol. 115, Issue 21, p. 11559-11624 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00155	journal	October 2015
Pyrolysis of Wood/Biomass for Bio-oil: A Critical Review Mohan, Dinesh; Pittman,, Charles U.; Steele, Philip H. Energy & Fuels, Vol. 20, Issue 3, p. 848-889 https://doi.org/10.1021/ef0502397	journal	May 2006
NMR Characterization of Pyrolysis Oils from Kraft Lignin Ben, Haoxi; Ragauskas, Arthur J. Energy & Fuels, Vol. 25, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/ef2001162	journal	May 2011
Pyrolysis of Wood and Bark in an Auger Reactor: Physical Properties and Chemical Analysis of the Produced Bio-oils Ingram, Leonard; Mohan, Dinesh; Bricka, Mark Energy & Fuels, Vol. 22, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/ef700335k	journal	January 2008
Towards a Lignincellulosic Biorefinery: Direct One-Step Conversion of Lignin to Hydrogen-Enriched Biofuel Kleinert, Mike; Barth, Tanja Energy & Fuels, Vol. 22, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/ef700631w	journal	March 2008
Characterization of Various Fast-Pyrolysis Bio-Oils by NMR Spectroscopy ^† Mullen, Charles A.; Strahan, Gary D.; Boateng, Akwasi A. Energy & Fuels, Vol. 23, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/ef801048b	journal	May 2009
Production of Bio-oil from Alfalfa Stems by Fluidized-Bed Fast Pyrolysis ^† Boateng, Akwasi A.; Mullen, Charles A.; Goldberg, Neil Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Vol. 47, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/ie800096g	journal	June 2008
Switchgrass as an energy crop for biofuel production: A review of its ligno-cellulosic chemical properties David, Kasi; Ragauskas, Arthur J. Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 3, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1039/b926617h	journal	January 2010
Torrefaction of Loblolly pine Ben, Haoxi; Ragauskas, Arthur J. Green Chem., Vol. 14, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1039/c1gc15570a	journal	January 2012
Pyrolysis oils from CO2 precipitated Kraft lignin Kosa, Matyas; Ben, Haoxi; Theliander, Hans Green Chemistry, Vol. 13, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1039/c1gc15818j	journal	January 2011
Pyrolysis of Pine ( Pinus Brutia Ten.) Chips: 1. Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature and Heating Rate on the Product Yields Şensöz, Sevgi; Can, Mukaddes Energy Sources, Vol. 24, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1080/00908310252888727	journal	April 2002
The Path Forward for Biofuels and Biomaterials Ragauskas, Arthur J.; Williams, Charlotte K.; Davison, Brian H. Science, Vol. 311, Issue 5760, p. 484-489 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1114736	journal	January 2006
Pyrolytic Behavior of Major Biomass Components in Waste Biomass Ben, Haoxi; Wu, Zhihong; Han, Guangting Polymers, Vol. 11, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11020324	journal	February 2019
Chemical characterization and water content determination of bio-oils obtained from various biomass species using ³¹ P NMR spectroscopy David, Kasi; Ben, Haoxi; Muzzy, John Biofuels, Vol. 3, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.4155/bfs.12.1	journal	March 2012

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37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
pyrolysis oils
biochar
elemental analysis
nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis

Title: A Comprehensive Characterization of Pyrolysis Oil from Softwood Barks

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