Operando Acoustic Monitoring of SEI Formation and Long-Term Cycling in NMC/SiGr Composite Pouch Cells

Bommier, Clement; Chang, Wesley; Li, Jianlin; Biswas, Shaurjo; Davies, Greg; Nanda, Jagjit; Steingart, Daniel

doi:10.1149/1945-7111/ab68d6

Title: Operando Acoustic Monitoring of SEI Formation and Long-Term Cycling in NMC/SiGr Composite Pouch Cells

Journal Article · 21 January 2020 · Journal of the Electrochemical Society (Online)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ab68d6 · OSTI ID:1606671

Bommier, Clement ^[1]; Chang, Wesley ^[1];

^[2]; Biswas, Shaurjo ^[1]; Davies, Greg ^[1];

^[2]; Steingart, Daniel ^[3]

Princeton Univ., NJ (United States)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States)

Stable long-term cycling and solid-electrolyte-interphase (SEI) formation are key challenges in the design of Si/graphite composites as Li-ion battery (LIB) anode materials. Typically, these long-term cycling properties are examined in flooded half-cell settings making use of a Li-metal counter electrode and a Si/graphite working electrode. This form factor has the advantage of offering an unlimited supply of Li-ions and electrolyte, thus isolating performance degradation to the passivation of the working electrode. However, half-cell studies are ineffective in revealing performance and degradation mechanisms of the Si/graphite composite in a more commercially realistic full cell setting. This paper outlines an operando acoustic technique that can offer insights on SEI formation and capacity degradation of Si/graphite composites in a full cell setting. Through a combination of electrochemical and chemical analyses, we show that increasing passivation of the silicon particles in the Si/graphite composite anode is correlated with an increase in the acoustic time-of-flight shift. We further show that temporary loss of the acoustic signal during the first cycle is associated with significant gassing of the cell. The operando acoustic technique outlined here is low-cost, simple to setup and has the potential for localized resolution, indicating usefulness in commercial-scale Si/graphite cell quality control and diagnosis.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1606671

Journal Information:: Journal of the Electrochemical Society (Online), Journal Name: Journal of the Electrochemical Society (Online) Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 167; ISSN 1945-7111

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (53)

Dual-Functionalized Double Carbon Shells Coated Silicon Nanoparticles for High Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries Chen, Shuangqiang; Shen, Laifa; van Aken, Peter A. Advanced Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201605650	journal	March 2017
30 Years of Lithium-Ion Batteries Li, Matthew; Lu, Jun; Chen, Zhongwei Advanced Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 33 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201800561	journal	June 2018
Silicon-Based Nanomaterials for Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Review Su, Xin; Wu, Qingliu; Li, Juchuan Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201300882	journal	October 2013
Watermelon-Inspired Si/C Microspheres with Hierarchical Buffer Structures for Densely Compacted Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes Xu, Quan; Li, Jin-Yi; Sun, Jian-Kun Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201601481	journal	October 2016
Challenges and Recent Progress in the Development of Si Anodes for Lithium-Ion Battery Jin, Yan; Zhu, Bin; Lu, Zhenda Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201700715	journal	September 2017
Study of lithiation mechanisms of high performance carbon-coated Si anodes by in-situ microscopy Xu, Zheng-Long; Cao, Ke; Abouali, Sara Energy Storage Materials, Vol. 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2016.01.003	journal	April 2016
Understanding Full-Cell Evolution and Non-chemical Electrode Crosstalk of Li-Ion Batteries Knehr, Kevin W.; Hodson, Thomas; Bommier, Clement Joule, Vol. 2, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.03.016	journal	June 2018
Operando Pressure Measurements Reveal Solid Electrolyte Interphase Growth to Rank Li-Ion Cell Performance Louli, A. J.; Ellis, L. D.; Dahn, J. R. Joule, Vol. 3, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.12.009	journal	March 2019
Elastic softening of amorphous and crystalline Li–Si Phases with increasing Li concentration: A first-principles study Shenoy, V. B.; Johari, P.; Qi, Y. Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 195, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.04.044	journal	October 2010
Embedding nano-silicon in graphene nanosheets by plasma assisted milling for high capacity anode materials in lithium ion batteries Sun, Wei; Hu, Renzong; Liu, Hui Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 268 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.06.039	journal	December 2014
In situ methods for Li-ion battery research: A review of recent developments Harks, P. P. R. M. L.; Mulder, F. M.; Notten, P. H. L. Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 288 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.04.084	journal	August 2015
What makes lithium substituted polyacrylic acid a better binder than polyacrylic acid for silicon-graphite composite anodes? Hays, Kevin A.; Ruther, Rose E.; Kukay, Alexander J. Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 384 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.02.085	journal	April 2018
Li-ion battery materials: present and future Nitta, Naoki; Wu, Feixiang; Lee, Jung Tae Materials Today, Vol. 18, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mattod.2014.10.040	journal	June 2015
Novel conductive binder for high-performance silicon anodes in lithium ion batteries Liu, Dong; Zhao, Yan; Tan, Rui Nano Energy, Vol. 36 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.04.043	journal	June 2017
Imaging of 3D morphological evolution of nanoporous silicon anode in lithium ion battery by X-ray nano-tomography Zhao, Chonghang; Wada, Takeshi; De Andrade, Vincent Nano Energy, Vol. 52 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2018.08.009	journal	October 2018
In situ characterization of Si-based anodes by coupling synchrotron X-ray tomography and diffraction Vanpeene, V.; King, A.; Maire, E. Nano Energy, Vol. 56 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2018.11.079	journal	February 2019
In situ strain measurements and stress analysis of SiO@C composite electrodes during electrochemical cycling by using digital image correlation Dai, Cuiying; Li, Caisheng; Huang, Huiyu Solid State Ionics, Vol. 331 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2019.01.001	journal	March 2019
Direct Determination of Solid-Electrolyte Interphase Thickness and Composition as a Function of State of Charge on a Silicon Anode Veith, Gabriel M.; Doucet, Mathieu; Baldwin, J. Kevin The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 119, Issue 35 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b06817	journal	August 2015
Electrolyte Volume Effects on Electrochemical Performance and Solid Electrolyte Interphase in Si-Graphite/NMC Lithium-Ion Pouch Cells An, Seong Jin; Li, Jianlin; Daniel, Claus ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 9, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b03617	journal	May 2017
Effect of Binder Architecture on the Performance of Silicon/Graphite Composite Anodes for Lithium Ion Batteries Cao, Peng-Fei; Naguib, Michael; Du, Zhijia ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 10, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b13205	journal	January 2018
The Critical Role of Fluoroethylene Carbonate in the Gassing of Silicon Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries Schiele, Alexander; Breitung, Ben; Hatsukade, Toru ACS Energy Letters, Vol. 2, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00619	journal	September 2017
Nanostructured Silicon–Carbon 3D Electrode Architectures for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries Kumar, Sarode Krishna; Ghosh, Sourav; Malladi, Sairam K. ACS Omega, Vol. 3, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.8b00924	journal	August 2018
Real-Time NMR Investigations of Structural Changes in Silicon Electrodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries Key, Baris; Bhattacharyya, Rangeet; Morcrette, Mathieu Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 131, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja8086278	journal	July 2009
Real-Time Observations of Interfacial Lithiation in a Metal Silicide Thin Film Fister, Tim T.; Long, Brandon R.; Gewirth, Andrew A. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 116, Issue 42 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp305465j	journal	October 2012
Interconnected Silicon Hollow Nanospheres for Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes with Long Cycle Life Yao, Yan; McDowell, Matthew T.; Ryu, Ill Nano Letters, Vol. 11, Issue 7, p. 2949-2954 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl201470j	journal	July 2011
Electron-Rich Driven Electrochemical Solid-State Amorphization in Li–Si Alloys Wang, Zhiguo; Gu, Meng; Zhou, Yungang Nano Letters, Vol. 13, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl402429a	journal	August 2013
Size-Dependent Fracture of Silicon Nanoparticles During Lithiation Liu, Xiao Hua; Zhong, Li; Huang, Shan ACS Nano, Vol. 6, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn204476h	journal	January 2012
Promise and reality of post-lithium-ion batteries with high energy densities Choi, Jang Wook; Aurbach, Doron Nature Reviews Materials, Vol. 1, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1038/natrevmats.2016.13	journal	March 2016
Rapidly falling costs of battery packs for electric vehicles Nykvist, Björn; Nilsson, Måns Nature Climate Change, Vol. 5, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2564	journal	March 2015
Understanding materials challenges for rechargeable ion batteries with in situ transmission electron microscopy Yuan, Yifei; Amine, Khalil; Lu, Jun Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15806	journal	August 2017
Mesoporous silicon sponge as an anti-pulverization structure for high-performance lithium-ion battery anodes Li, Xiaolin; Gu, Meng; Hu, Shenyang Nature Communications, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms5105	journal	July 2014
Scalable synthesis of silicon-nanolayer-embedded graphite for high-energy lithium-ion batteries Ko, Minseong; Chae, Sujong; Ma, Jiyoung Nature Energy, Vol. 1, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/nenergy.2016.113	journal	August 2016
Sustainability and in situ monitoring in battery development Grey, C. P.; Tarascon, J. M. Nature Materials, Vol. 16, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4777	journal	December 2016
A pomegranate-inspired nanoscale design for large-volume-change lithium battery anodes Liu, Nian; Lu, Zhenda; Zhao, Jie Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 9, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2014.6	journal	February 2014
Performance and cost of materials for lithium-based rechargeable automotive batteries Schmuch, Richard; Wagner, Ralf; Hörpel, Gerhard Nature Energy, Vol. 3, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-018-0107-2	journal	April 2018
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Theoretical Limits of Energy Density in Silicon-Carbon Composite Anode Based Lithium Ion Batteries Dash, Ranjan; Pannala, Sreekanth Scientific Reports, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep27449	journal	June 2016
An XPS/AES comparative study of the surface behaviour of nano-silicon anodes for Li-ion batteries Radvanyi, Etienne; De Vito, Eric; Porcher, Willy J. Anal. At. Spectrom., Vol. 29, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1039/C3JA50362C	journal	January 2014
Electrochemical-acoustic time of flight: in operando correlation of physical dynamics with battery charge and health Hsieh, A. G.; Bhadra, S.; Hertzberg, B. J. Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 8, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1039/C5EE00111K	journal	January 2015
High-performance silicon-based multicomponent battery anodes produced via synergistic coupling of multifunctional coating layers Lee, Jung-In; Ko, Younghoon; Shin, Myoungsoo Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 8, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1039/C5EE01493J	journal	January 2015
Self-healing SEI enables full-cell cycling of a silicon-majority anode with a coulombic efficiency exceeding 99.9% Jin, Yang; Li, Sa; Kushima, Akihiro Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 10, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1039/C6EE02685K	journal	January 2017
Running out of lithium? A route to differentiate between capacity losses and active lithium losses in lithium-ion batteries Holtstiege, Florian; Wilken, Andrea; Winter, Martin Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 38 https://doi.org/10.1039/C7CP05405J	journal	January 2017
Capacity fade in high energy silicon-graphite electrodes for lithium-ion batteries Dose, W. M.; Piernas-Muñoz, M. J.; Maroni, V. A. Chemical Communications, Vol. 54, Issue 29 https://doi.org/10.1039/C8CC00456K	journal	January 2018
Reaction of Li with Alloy Thin Films Studied by In Situ AFM Beaulieu, L. Y.; Hatchard, T. D.; Bonakdarpour, A. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 150, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1613668	journal	January 2003
Threefold Increase in the Young’s Modulus of Graphite Negative Electrode during Lithium Intercalation Qi, Yue; Guo, Haibo; Hector, Louis G. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 157, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.3327913	journal	January 2010
Review—Nano-Silicon/Carbon Composite Anode Materials Towards Practical Application for Next Generation Li-Ion Batteries Luo, Fei; Liu, Bonan; Zheng, Jieyun Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 162, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0131514jes	journal	January 2015
Layered Oxide, Graphite and Silicon-Graphite Electrodes for Lithium-Ion Cells: Effect of Electrolyte Composition and Cycling Windows Klett, Matilda; Gilbert, James A.; Pupek, Krzysztof Z. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 164, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0131701jes	journal	October 2016
Gas Evolution at Graphite Anodes Depending on Electrolyte Water Content and SEI Quality Studied by On-Line Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry Bernhard, Rebecca; Metzger, Michael; Gasteiger, Hubert A. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 162, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0191510jes	journal	January 2015
Capacity Fading Mechanism and Improvement of Cycling Stability of the SiO Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries Zhang, Linghong; Qin, Yan; Liu, Yuzi Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 165, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0431810jes	journal	January 2018
Towards Improving the Practical Energy Density of Li-Ion Batteries: Optimization and Evaluation of Silicon:Graphite Composites in Full Cells Yim, Chae-Ho; Niketic, Svetlana; Salem, Nuha Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 164, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0481701jes	journal	December 2016
Consumption of Fluoroethylene Carbonate (FEC) on Si-C Composite Electrodes for Li-Ion Batteries Jung, Roland; Metzger, Michael; Haering, Dominik Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 163, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0951608jes	journal	January 2016
State of Charge and State of Health Estimation Using Electrochemical Acoustic Time of Flight Analysis Davies, Greg; Knehr, Kevin W.; Van Tassell, Barry Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 164, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.1411712jes	journal	January 2017
Volume, Pressure and Thickness Evolution of Li-Ion Pouch Cells with Silicon-Composite Negative Electrodes Louli, A. J.; Li, Jing; Trussler, S. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 164, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.1691712jes	journal	January 2017
Evaluation Residual Moisture in Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes and Its Effect on Electrode Performance Li, Jianlin; Daniel, Claus; An, Seong Jin MRS Advances, Vol. 1, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.6	journal	January 2016