Discovery of a nearby 1700 kms-1 star ejected from the Milky Way by Sgr A*
Abstract
We present the serendipitous discovery of the fastest main-sequence hyper-velocity star (HVS) by the Southern Stellar Stream Spectroscopic Survey (S5). The star S5-HVS1 is a ~2.35 M⊙ A-type star located at a distance of ~9 kpc from the Sun and has a heliocentric radial velocity of 1017 ± 2.7 kms-1 without any signature of velocity variability. The current 3D velocity of the star in the Galactic frame is 1755 ± 50 kms-1. When integrated backwards in time, the orbit of the star points unambiguously to the Galactic Centre, implying that S5-HVS1 was kicked away from Sgr A* with a velocity of ~1800 kms-1 and travelled for 4.8 Myr to its current location. This is so far the only HVS confidently associated with the Galactic Centre. S5-HVS1 is also the first hyper-velocity star to provide constraints on the geometry and kinematics of the Galaxy, such as the Solar motion Vy,⊙ = 246.1 ± 5.3 kms-1 or position R0 = 8.12 ± 0.23 kpc. The ejection trajectory and transit time of S5-HVS1 coincide with the orbital plane and age of the annular disc of young stars at the Galactic Centre, and thus may be linked to its formation. With the S5-HVS1 ejectionmore »
- Authors:
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[2];
[4];
[9];
[10];
[9];
[12];
[9];
[10];
[5];
[13];
- Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA (United States); Univ. of Cambridge (United Kingdom)
- Univ. of Oxford (United Kingdom)
- Carnegie Observatories, Pasadena, CA (United States); Princeton Univ., NJ (United States). Dept. of Astrophysical Science; Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States)
- Univ. of Surrey, Guildford (United Kingdom). Dept. of Physics
- Australian National Univ., Canberra, ACT (Australia). Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics
- Macquarie Univ., NSW (Australia)
- Carnegie Observatories, Pasadena, CA (United States)
- Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, AZ (United States); Macquarie Univ., NSW (Australia)
- Univ. of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW (Australia). Sydney Inst. for Astronomy, School of Physics
- Univ. of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW (Australia). School of Physics
- Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States); Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)
- Univ. of Cambridge (United Kingdom)
- Texas A & M Univ. at Galveston, TX (United States)
- Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)
- Contributing Org.:
- S5
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1606421
- Report Number(s):
- FERMILAB-PUB-20-070-AE; arXiv:1907.11725
Journal ID: ISSN 0035-8711; oai:inspirehep.net:1776120; TRN: US2104515
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-07CH11359
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 491; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 0035-8711
- Publisher:
- Royal Astronomical Society
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; stars: kinematics and dynamics; Galaxy: centre; Galaxy: fundamental parameters
Citation Formats
Koposov, Sergey E., Boubert, Douglas, Li, Ting S., Erkal, Denis, Da Costa, Gary S., Zucker, Daniel B., Ji, Alexander P., Kuehn, Kyler, Lewis, Geraint F., Mackey, Dougal, Simpson, Jeffrey D., Shipp, Nora, Wan, Zhen, Belokurov, Vasily, Bland-Hawthorn, Joss, Martell, Sarah L., Nordlander, Thomas, Pace, Andrew B., De Silva, Gayandhi M., and Wang, Mei-Yu. Discovery of a nearby 1700 kms-1 star ejected from the Milky Way by Sgr A*. United States: N. p., 2019.
Web. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz3081.
Koposov, Sergey E., Boubert, Douglas, Li, Ting S., Erkal, Denis, Da Costa, Gary S., Zucker, Daniel B., Ji, Alexander P., Kuehn, Kyler, Lewis, Geraint F., Mackey, Dougal, Simpson, Jeffrey D., Shipp, Nora, Wan, Zhen, Belokurov, Vasily, Bland-Hawthorn, Joss, Martell, Sarah L., Nordlander, Thomas, Pace, Andrew B., De Silva, Gayandhi M., & Wang, Mei-Yu. Discovery of a nearby 1700 kms-1 star ejected from the Milky Way by Sgr A*. United States. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz3081
Koposov, Sergey E., Boubert, Douglas, Li, Ting S., Erkal, Denis, Da Costa, Gary S., Zucker, Daniel B., Ji, Alexander P., Kuehn, Kyler, Lewis, Geraint F., Mackey, Dougal, Simpson, Jeffrey D., Shipp, Nora, Wan, Zhen, Belokurov, Vasily, Bland-Hawthorn, Joss, Martell, Sarah L., Nordlander, Thomas, Pace, Andrew B., De Silva, Gayandhi M., and Wang, Mei-Yu. Mon .
"Discovery of a nearby 1700 kms-1 star ejected from the Milky Way by Sgr A*". United States. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz3081. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1606421.
@article{osti_1606421,
title = {Discovery of a nearby 1700 kms-1 star ejected from the Milky Way by Sgr A*},
author = {Koposov, Sergey E. and Boubert, Douglas and Li, Ting S. and Erkal, Denis and Da Costa, Gary S. and Zucker, Daniel B. and Ji, Alexander P. and Kuehn, Kyler and Lewis, Geraint F. and Mackey, Dougal and Simpson, Jeffrey D. and Shipp, Nora and Wan, Zhen and Belokurov, Vasily and Bland-Hawthorn, Joss and Martell, Sarah L. and Nordlander, Thomas and Pace, Andrew B. and De Silva, Gayandhi M. and Wang, Mei-Yu},
abstractNote = {We present the serendipitous discovery of the fastest main-sequence hyper-velocity star (HVS) by the Southern Stellar Stream Spectroscopic Survey (S5). The star S5-HVS1 is a ~2.35 M⊙ A-type star located at a distance of ~9 kpc from the Sun and has a heliocentric radial velocity of 1017 ± 2.7 kms-1 without any signature of velocity variability. The current 3D velocity of the star in the Galactic frame is 1755 ± 50 kms-1. When integrated backwards in time, the orbit of the star points unambiguously to the Galactic Centre, implying that S5-HVS1 was kicked away from Sgr A* with a velocity of ~1800 kms-1 and travelled for 4.8 Myr to its current location. This is so far the only HVS confidently associated with the Galactic Centre. S5-HVS1 is also the first hyper-velocity star to provide constraints on the geometry and kinematics of the Galaxy, such as the Solar motion Vy,⊙ = 246.1 ± 5.3 kms-1 or position R0 = 8.12 ± 0.23 kpc. The ejection trajectory and transit time of S5-HVS1 coincide with the orbital plane and age of the annular disc of young stars at the Galactic Centre, and thus may be linked to its formation. With the S5-HVS1 ejection velocity being almost twice the velocity of other hyper-velocity stars previously associated with the Galactic Centre, we question whether they have been generated by the same mechanism or whether the ejection velocity distribution has been constant over time.},
doi = {10.1093/mnras/stz3081},
journal = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society},
number = 2,
volume = 491,
place = {United States},
year = {2019},
month = {11}
}
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The Nature of Faint Blue Stars in the Halo. II
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Hypervelocity Stars: Predicting the Spectrum of Ejection Velocities
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Maximum speed of hypervelocity stars ejected from binaries
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Evidence for Warped Disks of Young Stars in the Galactic Center
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Applications of Bayesian model selection to cosmological parameters
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