Discovery of a nearby 1700 kms-1 star ejected from the Milky Way by Sgr A*
Abstract
We present the serendipitous discovery of the fastest main-sequence hyper-velocity star (HVS) by the Southern Stellar Stream Spectroscopic Survey (S5). The star S5-HVS1 is a ~2.35 M⊙ A-type star located at a distance of ~9 kpc from the Sun and has a heliocentric radial velocity of 1017 ± 2.7 kms-1 without any signature of velocity variability. The current 3D velocity of the star in the Galactic frame is 1755 ± 50 kms-1. When integrated backwards in time, the orbit of the star points unambiguously to the Galactic Centre, implying that S5-HVS1 was kicked away from Sgr A* with a velocity of ~1800 kms-1 and travelled for 4.8 Myr to its current location. This is so far the only HVS confidently associated with the Galactic Centre. S5-HVS1 is also the first hyper-velocity star to provide constraints on the geometry and kinematics of the Galaxy, such as the Solar motion Vy,⊙ = 246.1 ± 5.3 kms-1 or position R0 = 8.12 ± 0.23 kpc. The ejection trajectory and transit time of S5-HVS1 coincide with the orbital plane and age of the annular disc of young stars at the Galactic Centre, and thus may be linked to its formation. With the S5-HVS1 ejectionmore »
- Authors:
-
- Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA (United States); Univ. of Cambridge (United Kingdom)
- Univ. of Oxford (United Kingdom)
- Carnegie Observatories, Pasadena, CA (United States); Princeton Univ., NJ (United States). Dept. of Astrophysical Science; Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States)
- Univ. of Surrey, Guildford (United Kingdom). Dept. of Physics
- Australian National Univ., Canberra, ACT (Australia). Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics
- Macquarie Univ., NSW (Australia)
- Carnegie Observatories, Pasadena, CA (United States)
- Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, AZ (United States); Macquarie Univ., NSW (Australia)
- Univ. of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW (Australia). Sydney Inst. for Astronomy, School of Physics
- Univ. of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW (Australia). School of Physics
- Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States); Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)
- Univ. of Cambridge (United Kingdom)
- Texas A & M Univ. at Galveston, TX (United States)
- Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)
- Contributing Org.:
- S5
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1606421
- Report Number(s):
- FERMILAB-PUB-20-070-AE; arXiv:1907.11725
Journal ID: ISSN 0035-8711; oai:inspirehep.net:1776120; TRN: US2104515
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-07CH11359
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 491; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 0035-8711
- Publisher:
- Royal Astronomical Society
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; stars: kinematics and dynamics; Galaxy: centre; Galaxy: fundamental parameters
Citation Formats
Koposov, Sergey E., Boubert, Douglas, Li, Ting S., Erkal, Denis, Da Costa, Gary S., Zucker, Daniel B., Ji, Alexander P., Kuehn, Kyler, Lewis, Geraint F., Mackey, Dougal, Simpson, Jeffrey D., Shipp, Nora, Wan, Zhen, Belokurov, Vasily, Bland-Hawthorn, Joss, Martell, Sarah L., Nordlander, Thomas, Pace, Andrew B., De Silva, Gayandhi M., and Wang, Mei-Yu. Discovery of a nearby 1700 kms-1 star ejected from the Milky Way by Sgr A*. United States: N. p., 2019.
Web. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz3081.
Koposov, Sergey E., Boubert, Douglas, Li, Ting S., Erkal, Denis, Da Costa, Gary S., Zucker, Daniel B., Ji, Alexander P., Kuehn, Kyler, Lewis, Geraint F., Mackey, Dougal, Simpson, Jeffrey D., Shipp, Nora, Wan, Zhen, Belokurov, Vasily, Bland-Hawthorn, Joss, Martell, Sarah L., Nordlander, Thomas, Pace, Andrew B., De Silva, Gayandhi M., & Wang, Mei-Yu. Discovery of a nearby 1700 kms-1 star ejected from the Milky Way by Sgr A*. United States. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz3081
Koposov, Sergey E., Boubert, Douglas, Li, Ting S., Erkal, Denis, Da Costa, Gary S., Zucker, Daniel B., Ji, Alexander P., Kuehn, Kyler, Lewis, Geraint F., Mackey, Dougal, Simpson, Jeffrey D., Shipp, Nora, Wan, Zhen, Belokurov, Vasily, Bland-Hawthorn, Joss, Martell, Sarah L., Nordlander, Thomas, Pace, Andrew B., De Silva, Gayandhi M., and Wang, Mei-Yu. Mon .
"Discovery of a nearby 1700 kms-1 star ejected from the Milky Way by Sgr A*". United States. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz3081. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1606421.
@article{osti_1606421,
title = {Discovery of a nearby 1700 kms-1 star ejected from the Milky Way by Sgr A*},
author = {Koposov, Sergey E. and Boubert, Douglas and Li, Ting S. and Erkal, Denis and Da Costa, Gary S. and Zucker, Daniel B. and Ji, Alexander P. and Kuehn, Kyler and Lewis, Geraint F. and Mackey, Dougal and Simpson, Jeffrey D. and Shipp, Nora and Wan, Zhen and Belokurov, Vasily and Bland-Hawthorn, Joss and Martell, Sarah L. and Nordlander, Thomas and Pace, Andrew B. and De Silva, Gayandhi M. and Wang, Mei-Yu},
abstractNote = {We present the serendipitous discovery of the fastest main-sequence hyper-velocity star (HVS) by the Southern Stellar Stream Spectroscopic Survey (S5). The star S5-HVS1 is a ~2.35 M⊙ A-type star located at a distance of ~9 kpc from the Sun and has a heliocentric radial velocity of 1017 ± 2.7 kms-1 without any signature of velocity variability. The current 3D velocity of the star in the Galactic frame is 1755 ± 50 kms-1. When integrated backwards in time, the orbit of the star points unambiguously to the Galactic Centre, implying that S5-HVS1 was kicked away from Sgr A* with a velocity of ~1800 kms-1 and travelled for 4.8 Myr to its current location. This is so far the only HVS confidently associated with the Galactic Centre. S5-HVS1 is also the first hyper-velocity star to provide constraints on the geometry and kinematics of the Galaxy, such as the Solar motion Vy,⊙ = 246.1 ± 5.3 kms-1 or position R0 = 8.12 ± 0.23 kpc. The ejection trajectory and transit time of S5-HVS1 coincide with the orbital plane and age of the annular disc of young stars at the Galactic Centre, and thus may be linked to its formation. With the S5-HVS1 ejection velocity being almost twice the velocity of other hyper-velocity stars previously associated with the Galactic Centre, we question whether they have been generated by the same mechanism or whether the ejection velocity distribution has been constant over time.},
doi = {10.1093/mnras/stz3081},
journal = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society},
number = 2,
volume = 491,
place = {United States},
year = {2019},
month = {11}
}
Web of Science
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- Martin, D. Christopher; Fanson, James; Schiminovich, David
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 619, Issue 1
A hypervelocity star with a Magellanic origin
journal, October 2018
- Erkal, Denis; Boubert, Douglas; Gualandris, Alessia
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 483, Issue 2
Simulations of star formation in a gaseous disc around Sgr A* - a failed active galactic nucleus
journal, July 2007
- Nayakshin, S.; Cuadra, J.; Springel, V.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 379, Issue 1
Mmt Hypervelocity star Survey
journal, December 2008
- Brown, Warren R.; Geller, Margaret J.; Kenyon, Scott J.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 690, Issue 2
ChainConsumer
journal, August 2016
- Hinton, Samuel
- The Journal of Open Source Software, Vol. 1, Issue 4
Star Formation Around Supermassive Black Holes
journal, August 2008
- Bonnell, I. A.; Rice, W. K. M.
- Science, Vol. 321, Issue 5892
Hypervelocity Stars from a Supermassive Black Hole–Intermediate-mass Black Hole Binary
journal, June 2019
- Rasskazov, Alexander; Fragione, Giacomo; Leigh, Nathan W. C.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 878, Issue 1
Mesa Isochrones and Stellar Tracks (Mist). i. Solar-Scaled Models
journal, May 2016
- Choi, Jieun; Dotter, Aaron; Conroy, Charlie
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 823, Issue 2
US 708 – an unbound hyper-velocity subluminous O star
journal, December 2005
- Hirsch, H. A.; Heber, U.; O'Toole, S. J.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 444, Issue 3
The Nature of Faint Blue Stars in the Halo. II
journal, November 1974
- Greenstein, Jesse L.; Sargent, Anneila I.
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 28
Constraining Solar Position and Velocity with a nearby Hypervelocity Star
journal, December 2018
- Hattori, Kohei; Valluri, Monica; Castro, Norberto
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 869, Issue 1
PG 1610+062: a runaway B star challenging classical ejection mechanisms
journal, August 2019
- Irrgang, A.; Geier, S.; Heber, U.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 628
Production of hypervelocity stars through encounters with stellar-mass black holes in the Galactic Centre
journal, January 2008
- O'Leary, R. M.; Loeb, A.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 383, Issue 1
Hypervelocity Stars: Predicting the Spectrum of Ejection Velocities
journal, December 2006
- Bromley, Benjamin C.; Kenyon, Scott J.; Geller, Margaret J.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 653, Issue 2
LMC origin of the hyper-velocity star HE 0437-5439: Beyond the supermassive black hole paradigm
journal, February 2008
- Przybilla, N.; Nieva, M. F.; Heber, U.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 480, Issue 3
Maximum speed of hypervelocity stars ejected from binaries
journal, December 2014
- Tauris, Thomas M.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, Vol. 448, Issue 1
On measuring the Galactic dark matter halo with hypervelocity stars
journal, June 2019
- Contigiani, O.; Rossi, E. M.; Marchetti, T.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 487, Issue 3
Evidence for Warped Disks of Young Stars in the Galactic Center
journal, May 2009
- Bartko, H.; Martins, F.; Fritz, T. K.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 697, Issue 2
The Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer (Wise): Mission Description and Initial On-Orbit Performance
journal, November 2010
- Wright, Edward L.; Eisenhardt, Peter R. M.; Mainzer, Amy K.
- The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 140, Issue 6
GIANT GAMMA-RAY BUBBLES FROM FERMI -LAT: ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS ACTIVITY OR BIPOLAR GALACTIC WIND?
journal, November 2010
- Su, Meng; Slatyer, Tracy R.; Finkbeiner, Douglas P.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 724, Issue 2
IDENTIFYING BLUE HORIZONTAL BRANCH STARS USING THE z FILTER
journal, March 2012
- Vickers, John J.; Grebel, Eva K.; Huxor, Avon P.
- The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 143, Issue 4
The Ninth data Release of the Sloan Digital sky Survey: First Spectroscopic data from the Sdss-Iii Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey
journal, November 2012
- Ahn, Christopher P.; Alexandroff, Rachael; Allende Prieto, Carlos
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 203, Issue 2
Applications of Bayesian model selection to cosmological parameters
journal, June 2007
- Trotta, R.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 378, Issue 1