Automotive fuel cell stack and system efficiency and fuel consumption based on vehicle testing on a chassis dynamometer at minus 18 °C to positive 35 °C temperatures

Lohse-Busch, Henning; Stutenberg, Kevin; Duoba, Michael; Liu, Xinyu; Elgowainy, Amgad; Wang, Michael; Wallner, Thomas; Richard, Brad; Christenson, Martha

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.10.150

Title: Automotive fuel cell stack and system efficiency and fuel consumption based on vehicle testing on a chassis dynamometer at minus 18 °C to positive 35 °C temperatures

Abstract

In this work we present an in-depth laboratory technology assessment of a 2016 Toyota Mirai Fuel Cell (FC) vehicle based on chassis dynamometer testing. The 114.6 kW FC stack has a high dynamic response, which makes this powertrain a FC-dominant hybrid electric vehicle. The measured peak efficiency is 66.0% FC stack and 63.7% FC system with an idle hydrogen flow rate of 4.39 g/hr. The high FC system efficiencies at low loads match typical vehicle power spectrums, resulting in a high average vehicle efficiency of 62% compared to 45% and 23% for a hybrid electric vehicle and a conventional vehicle, respectively. An energy breakdown accounts for the FC stack losses, FC system losses, air compressor loads, and heater loads for different drive cycles and different thermal conditions. The cold-start North American city drive cycle (UDDS) energy consumption values are, respectively, 758, 581, 226, and 321 Wh/km at ambient conditions of -18 degrees C, -7 degrees C, -25 degrees C and 35 degrees C with 850 W/m² of solar loading. The FC system shutdown and startup processes at temperatures below the freezing point contribute to the increased hydrogen consumption. Additionally, the raw test data files are available for download, thus providingmore »« less

Authors:

Lohse-Busch, Henning ^[1]; Stutenberg, Kevin ^[1]; Duoba, Michael ^[1];

^[1]; Elgowainy, Amgad ^[1]; Wang, Michael ^[1]; Wallner, Thomas ^[1]; Richard, Brad ^[2]; Christenson, Martha ^[2]

Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
Transport Canada, Ottawa, ON (Canada)

Publication Date:: Sun Dec 06 00:00:00 EST 2020

Research Org.:: Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Office of Fuel Cell Technologies (FCTO); USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1606353

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1703617

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 45; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 0360-3199

Publisher:: Elsevier

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 08 HYDROGEN; Automotive fuel cell system; Fuel cell system efficiency; Fuel cell stack efficiency; Temperature impact; Laboratory data; Toyota Mirai

Citation Formats


                    Lohse-Busch, Henning, Stutenberg, Kevin, Duoba, Michael, Liu, Xinyu, Elgowainy, Amgad, Wang, Michael, Wallner, Thomas, Richard, Brad, and Christenson, Martha. Automotive fuel cell stack and system efficiency and fuel consumption based on vehicle testing on a chassis dynamometer at minus 18 °C to positive 35 °C temperatures.  United States: N. p., 2020. 
Web.  doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.10.150.

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                    Lohse-Busch, Henning, Stutenberg, Kevin, Duoba, Michael, Liu, Xinyu, Elgowainy, Amgad, Wang, Michael, Wallner, Thomas, Richard, Brad, & Christenson, Martha. Automotive fuel cell stack and system efficiency and fuel consumption based on vehicle testing on a chassis dynamometer at minus 18 °C to positive 35 °C temperatures.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.10.150

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                    Lohse-Busch, Henning, Stutenberg, Kevin, Duoba, Michael, Liu, Xinyu, Elgowainy, Amgad, Wang, Michael, Wallner, Thomas, Richard, Brad, and Christenson, Martha. Sun .  
"Automotive fuel cell stack and system efficiency and fuel consumption based on vehicle testing on a chassis dynamometer at minus 18 °C to positive 35 °C temperatures".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.10.150.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1606353.

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@article{osti_1606353,

  title        = {Automotive fuel cell stack and system efficiency and fuel consumption based on vehicle testing on a chassis dynamometer at minus 18 °C to positive 35 °C temperatures},

  author       = {Lohse-Busch, Henning and Stutenberg, Kevin and Duoba, Michael and Liu, Xinyu and Elgowainy, Amgad and Wang, Michael and Wallner, Thomas and Richard, Brad and Christenson, Martha},

  abstractNote = {In this work we present an in-depth laboratory technology assessment of a 2016 Toyota Mirai Fuel Cell (FC) vehicle based on chassis dynamometer testing. The 114.6 kW FC stack has a high dynamic response, which makes this powertrain a FC-dominant hybrid electric vehicle. The measured peak efficiency is 66.0% FC stack and 63.7% FC system with an idle hydrogen flow rate of 4.39 g/hr. The high FC system efficiencies at low loads match typical vehicle power spectrums, resulting in a high average vehicle efficiency of 62% compared to 45% and 23% for a hybrid electric vehicle and a conventional vehicle, respectively. An energy breakdown accounts for the FC stack losses, FC system losses, air compressor loads, and heater loads for different drive cycles and different thermal conditions. The cold-start North American city drive cycle (UDDS) energy consumption values are, respectively, 758, 581, 226, and 321 Wh/km at ambient conditions of -18 degrees C, -7 degrees C, -25 degrees C and 35 degrees C with 850 W/m2 of solar loading. The FC system shutdown and startup processes at temperatures below the freezing point contribute to the increased hydrogen consumption. Additionally, the raw test data files are available for download, thus providing the research community with a public reference data on a modern production automotive FC system.},

  doi          = {10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.10.150},

  journal      = {International Journal of Hydrogen Energy},

  number       = 1,

  volume       = 45,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Sun Dec 06 00:00:00 EST 2020},

  month        = {Sun Dec 06 00:00:00 EST 2020}

}

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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.10.150

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Works referenced in this record:

Realistic simulation of fuel economy and life cycle metrics for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles: Realistic simulation of fuel economy and life cycle metrics for FCVs
journal, October 2016

Ahmadi, Pouria; Kjeang, Erik
International Journal of Energy Research, Vol. 41, Issue 5
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Comparative Analysis of Internal Combustion Engine and Fuel Cell Range Extender
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Chubbock, Stuart; Clague, Ralph
SAE International Journal of Alternative Powertrains, Vol. 5, Issue 1
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Current and Future United States Light-Duty Vehicle Pathways: Cradle-to-Grave Lifecycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Economic Assessment
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Elgowainy, Amgad; Han, Jeongwoo; Ward, Jacob
Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 52, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b06006

Recent Advances in the Development of Hyundai · Kia's Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles
journal, April 2010

Sung, Woosuk; Song, Yo-In; Yu, Ki-Ho
SAE International Journal of Engines, Vol. 3, Issue 1
DOI: 10.4271/2010-01-1089

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Similar Records

Title: Automotive fuel cell stack and system efficiency and fuel consumption based on vehicle testing on a chassis dynamometer at minus 18 °C to positive 35 °C temperatures

Abstract

Citation Formats

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