Turbulent kinetic energy over large offshore wind farms observed and simulated by the mesoscale model WRF (3.8.1)

Siedersleben, Simon K.; Platis, Andreas; Lundquist, Julie K.; Djath, Bughsin; Lampert, Astrid; Bärfuss, Konrad; Cañadillas, Beatriz; Schulz-Stellenfleth, Johannes; Bange, Jens; Neumann, Tom; Emeis, Stefan

doi:10.5194/gmd-13-249-2020

Title: Turbulent kinetic energy over large offshore wind farms observed and simulated by the mesoscale model WRF (3.8.1)

Journal Article · 29 January 2020 · Geoscientific Model Development (Online)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-249-2020 · OSTI ID:1606121

^[1];

^[2];

^[3]; Djath, Bughsin ^[4]; Lampert, Astrid ^[5]; Bärfuss, Konrad ^[5]; Cañadillas, Beatriz ^[6]; Schulz-Stellenfleth, Johannes ^[4];

^[2]; Neumann, Tom ^[6];

^[1]

Karlsruhe Inst. of Technology (KIT) Garmisch-Partenkirchen (Germany). IMK-IFU
Univ. of Tübingen (Germany)
Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States). Dept. of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences; National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
Inst. of Coastal Research, Geesthacht (Germany)
Technische Univ. Braunschweig (Germany)
UL-DEWI Gmbh, Oldenburg (Germany)

Abstract. Wind farms affect local weather and microclimates;hence, parameterizations of their effects have been developed for numerical weather prediction models.While most wind farm parameterizations (WFPs) include drag effects of wind farms, models differ on whether or not an additionalturbulent kinetic energy (TKE) source should be included in theseparameterizations to simulate the impact of wind farms on the boundary layer.Therefore, we use aircraft measurements above large offshore wind farms in stable conditions to evaluateWFP choices. Of the three case studies we examine, we find the simulated ambient backgroundflow to agree with observations of temperature stratification and winds. This agreement allows us toexplore the sensitivity of simulated wind farm effects with respect to modeling choicessuch as whether or not to include a TKE source, horizontal resolution, vertical resolutionand advection of TKE. For a stably stratified marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL), a TKE source and a horizontal resolutionon the order of 5 km or finer are necessary to represent the impact of offshore wind farms on the MABL.Additionally, TKE advection results in excessively reduced TKE over the wind farms, which in turn causesan underestimation of the wind speed deficit above the wind farm. Furthermore, using fine verticalresolution increases the agreement of the simulated wind speed with satellite observations of surface wind speed.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Wind and Water Technologies Office (EE-4W)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308

OSTI ID:: 1606121

Report Number(s):: NREL-JA--5000-75874

Journal Information:: Geoscientific Model Development (Online), Journal Name: Geoscientific Model Development (Online) Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 13; ISSN 1991-9603

Publisher:: European Geosciences UnionCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (53)

In-situ airborne measurements of atmospheric and sea surface parameters related to offshore wind parks in the German Bight, Flight 20170330_flight09 Bärfuss, Konrad; Hankers, Rudolf; Bitter, Mark PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science https://doi.org/10.1594/pangaea.902918	dataset	January 2019
In-situ airborne measurements of atmospheric and sea surface parameters related to offshore wind parks in the German Bight, Flight 20170531_flight27 Bärfuss, Konrad; Hankers, Rudolf; Bitter, Mark PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science https://doi.org/10.1594/pangaea.903072	dataset	January 2019
In-situ airborne measurements of atmospheric and sea surface parameters related to offshore wind parks in the German Bight, Flight 20170602_flight29 Bärfuss, Konrad; Hankers, Rudolf; Bitter, Mark PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science https://doi.org/10.1594/pangaea.903078	dataset	January 2019
Turbulent kinetic energy over large wind farms observed and simulated by the mesoscale model WRF (3.8.1) Siedersleben, Simon K.; Platis, Andreas; Lundquist, Julie K. Zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3490732	dataset	January 2019
SAR observation and numerical modeling of tidal current wakes at the East China Sea offshore wind farm Li, XiaoMing; Chi, Lequan; Chen, Xueen Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, Vol. 119, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JC009822	journal	August 2014
Simulating effects of a wind-turbine array using LES and RANS: Simulating turbines using LES and RANS Vanderwende, Brian J.; Kosović, Branko; Lundquist, Julie K. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Vol. 8, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/2016MS000652	journal	August 2016
Wind climate estimation using WRF model output: method and model sensitivities over the sea: Offshore wind climate estimation using WRF output Hahmann, Andrea N.; Vincent, Claire L.; Peña, Alfredo International Journal of Climatology, Vol. 35, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4217	journal	December 2014
Offshore wind resource estimation from satellite SAR wind field maps Hasager, C. B.; Nielsen, M.; Astrup, P. Wind Energy, Vol. 8, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/we.150	journal	January 2005
A simple analytical wind park model considering atmospheric stability Emeis, S. Wind Energy, Vol. 13, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/we.367	journal	December 2009
Wind Energy Meteorology Emeis, Stefan Green Energy and Technology https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72859-9	book	January 2018
Performance of the Wind Farm Parameterization Scheme Coupled with the Weather Research and Forecasting Model under Multiple Resolution Regimes for Simulating an Onshore Wind Farm Mangara, Rajabu J.; Guo, Zhenhai; Li, Shuanglin Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 36, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-018-8028-3	journal	December 2018
An Improved Mellor–Yamada Level-3 Model: Its Numerical Stability and Application to a Regional Prediction of Advection Fog Nakanishi, Mikio; Niino, Hiroshi Boundary-Layer Meteorology, Vol. 119, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-005-9030-8	journal	March 2006
On the Offshore Advection of Boundary-Layer Structures and the Influence on Offshore Wind Conditions Dörenkämper, Martin; Optis, Michael; Monahan, Adam Boundary-Layer Meteorology, Vol. 155, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-015-0008-x	journal	February 2015
A Hybrid Wind-Farm Parametrization for Mesoscale and Climate Models Pan, Yang; Archer, Cristina L. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, Vol. 168, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-018-0351-9	journal	April 2018
Climatic Impacts of Wind Power Miller, Lee M.; Keith, David W. Joule, Vol. 2, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.09.009	journal	December 2018
Wake effects of large offshore wind farms identified from satellite SAR Christiansen, Merete Bruun; Hasager, Charlotte B. Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 98, Issue 2-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2005.07.009	journal	October 2005
An improved C-band scatterometer ocean geophysical model function: CMOD5 Hersbach, H.; Stoffelen, A.; de Haan, S. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 112, Issue C3 https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JC003743	journal	January 2007
Radiative forcing by long-lived greenhouse gases: Calculations with the AER radiative transfer models Iacono, Michael J.; Delamere, Jennifer S.; Mlawer, Eli J. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 113, Issue D13 https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD009944	journal	January 2008
Evolution of stable internal boundary layers over a cold sea Smedman, Ann-Sofi; Bergström, Hans; Grisogono, Branko Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, Vol. 102, Issue C1 https://doi.org/10.1029/96JC02782	journal	January 1997
Regional climate model simulations indicate limited climatic impacts by operational and planned European wind farms Vautard, Robert; Thais, Françoise; Tobin, Isabelle Nature Communications, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms4196	journal	February 2014
First in situ evidence of wakes in the far field behind offshore wind farms Platis, Andreas; Siedersleben, Simon K.; Bange, Jens Scientific Reports, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-20389-y	journal	February 2018
Addressing indirect frequency coupling via partial generalized coherence Young, Joseph; Homma, Ryota; Aazhang, Behnaam Scientific Reports, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85677-6	journal	March 2021
A new wind-farm parameterization for large-scale atmospheric models Abkar, Mahdi; Porté-Agel, Fernando Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4907600	journal	January 2015
Impact of atmospheric stability on X-band and C-band synthetic aperture radar imagery of offshore windpark wakes Djath, B.; Schulz-Stellenfleth, J.; Cañadillas, B. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, Vol. 10, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5020437	journal	July 2018
The influence of large-scale wind power on global climate Keith, D. W.; DeCarolis, J. F.; Denkenberger, D. C. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 101, Issue 46 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0406930101	journal	November 2004
Wake downstream of the Lillgrund wind farm - A Comparison between LES using the actuator disc method and a Wind farm Parametrization in WRF Eriksson, O.; Lindvall, J.; Breton, S-P Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 625 https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/625/1/012028	journal	June 2015
Wake effects between two neighbouring wind farms Nygaard, Nicolai Gayle; Hansen, Sidse Damgaard Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 753 https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/753/3/032020	journal	September 2016
Exploring the wakes of large offshore wind farms Emeis, S.; Siedersleben, S.; Lampert, A. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 753 https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/753/9/092014	journal	September 2016
Prospects for generating electricity by large onshore and offshore wind farms Volker, Patrick J. H.; Hahmann, Andrea N.; Badger, Jake Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 12, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa5d86	journal	March 2017
Micrometeorological impacts of offshore wind farms as seen in observations and simulations Siedersleben, S. K.; Lundquist, J. K.; Platis, A. Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 13, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aaea0b	journal	November 2018
Matplotlib: A 2D Graphics Environment Hunter, John D. Computing in Science & Engineering, Vol. 9, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1109/MCSE.2007.55	journal	January 2007
Airborne turbulence measurements in the lower troposphere onboard the research aircraft Dornier 128-6, D-IBUF [Airborne turbulence measurements in the lower troposphere onboard the research aircraft Dornier 128-6, D-IBUF] Corsmeier, Ulrich; Hankers, Rudolf; Wieser, Andreas Meteorologische Zeitschrift, Vol. 10, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1127/0941-2948/2001/0010-0315	journal	October 2001
Evaluation of a Wind Farm Parametrization for Mesoscale Atmospheric Flow Models with Aircraft Measurements [Evaluation of a Wind Farm Parametrization for Mesoscale Atmospheric Flow Models with Aircraft Measurements] Siedersleben, Simon K.; Platis, Andreas; Lundquist, Julie K. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, Vol. 27, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1127/metz/2018/0900	journal	December 2018
Development of an Effective Double-Moment Cloud Microphysics Scheme with Prognostic Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) for Weather and Climate Models Lim, Kyo-Sun Sunny; Hong, Song-You Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 138, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1175/2009MWR2968.1	journal	May 2010
Somewhere Over the Rainbow: How to Make Effective Use of Colors in Meteorological Visualizations Stauffer, Reto; Mayr, Georg J.; Dabernig, Markus Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 96, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00155.1	journal	February 2015
Local and Mesoscale Impacts of Wind Farms as Parameterized in a Mesoscale NWP Model Fitch, Anna C.; Olson, Joseph B.; Lundquist, Julie K. Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 140, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-11-00352.1	journal	September 2012
Incorporation of the Rotor-Equivalent Wind Speed into the Weather Research and Forecasting Model’s Wind Farm Parameterization Redfern, Stephanie; Olson, Joseph B.; Lundquist, Julie K. Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 147, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-18-0194.1	journal	March 2019
Evaluating Mesoscale NWP Models Using Kinetic Energy Spectra Skamarock, William C. Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 132, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR2830.1	journal	December 2004
Numerical Simulation of Wind Farm Influence on Wind Flow Ivanova, Lubov A.; Nadyozhina, Ekaterina D. Wind Engineering, Vol. 24, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1260/0309524001495620	journal	July 2000
In-situ airborne measurements of atmospheric and sea surface parameters related to offshore wind parks in the German Bight Bärfuss, Konrad; Hankers, Rudolf; Bitter, Mark PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science https://doi.org/10.1594/pangaea.902845	collection	January 2019
Using Satellite SAR to Characterize the Wind Flow around Offshore Wind Farms Hasager, Charlotte; Vincent, Pauline; Badger, Jake Energies, Vol. 8, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.3390/en8065413	journal	June 2015
Evaluation of the wind farm parameterization in the Weather Research and Forecasting model (version 3.8.1) with meteorological and turbine power data Lee, Joseph C. Y.; Lundquist, Julie K. Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 10, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-4229-2017	journal	January 2017
The Explicit Wake Parametrisation V1.0: a wind farm parametrisation in the mesoscale model WRF Volker, P. J. H.; Badger, J.; Hahmann, A. N. Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 8, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-3715-2015	journal	January 2015
The Explicit Wake Parametrisation V1.0: a wind farm parametrisation in the mesoscale model WRF Volker, P. J. H.; Badger, J.; Hahmann, A. N. Geoscientific Model Development Discussions, Vol. 8, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-8-3481-2015	journal	January 2015
Applications of satellite winds for the offshore wind farm site Anholt Ahsbahs, Tobias; Badger, Merete; Volker, Patrick Wind Energy Science, Vol. 3, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-573-2018	journal	January 2018
Turbulent kinetic energy over large wind farms observed and simulated by the mesoscale model WRF (3.8.1) Siedersleben, Simon K.; Platis, Andreas; Lundquist, Julie K. Zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3490731	dataset	January 2019
Turbulent kinetic energy over large wind farms observed and simulated by the mesoscale model WRF (3.8.1) Siedersleben, Simon K.; Platis, Andreas; Lundquist, Julie K. Zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3490732	dataset	January 2019
Exploring the wakes of large offshore wind farms Emeis, S.; Siedersleben, S.; Lampert, A. Karlsruhe https://doi.org/10.5445/ir/1000061807	text	January 2016
First in situ evidence of wakes in the far field behind offshore wind farms Platis, Andreas; Siedersleben, Simon K.; Bange, Jens Karlsruhe https://doi.org/10.5445/ir/1000084004	text	January 2018
Micrometeorological impacts of offshore wind farms as seen in observations and simulations Siedersleben, Simon Karl; Lundquist, Julie K.; Platis, Andreas Karlsruhe https://doi.org/10.5445/ir/1000087385	text	January 2018
Evaluation of a Wind Farm Parametrization for Mesoscale Atmospheric Flow Models with Aircraft Measurements Siedersleben, Simon K.; Platis, Andreas; Lundquist, Julie K. Karlsruhe https://doi.org/10.5445/ir/1000088105	text	January 2018
Prospects for generating electricity by large onshore and offshore wind farms Volker, Patrick J. H.; Hahmann, Andrea N.; Badger, Jake Institute of Physics (IOP) https://doi.org/10.5446/39384	audiovisual	January 2017
True Colors of Oceanography: Guidelines for Effective and Accurate Colormap Selection Thyng, Kristen; Greene, Chad; Hetland, Robert Oceanography, Vol. 29, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2016.66	journal	September 2016

Similar Records

Evaluation of a Wind Farm Parametrization for Mesoscale Atmospheric Flow Models with Aircraft Measurements

Journal Article · 2018 · Meteorologische Zeitschrift (Berlin) · OSTI ID:1507285

Siedersleben, Simon K.; Platis, Andreas; Lundquist, Julie K.; +8 more

Simulated wind farm wake sensitivity to configuration choices in the Weather Research and Forecasting model version 3.8.1

Journal Article · 2020 · Geoscientific Model Development (Online) · OSTI ID:1602690

Tomaszewski, Jessica M.; Lundquist, Julie K.

Evaluation of the wind farm parameterization in the Weather Research and Forecasting model (version 3.8.1) with meteorological and turbine power data

Journal Article · 2017 · Geoscientific Model Development (Online) · OSTI ID:1414070

Lee, Joseph C. Y.; Lundquist, Julie K.

Related Subjects

17 WIND ENERGY
offshore wind farms
turbulent kinetic energy
weather predication models
wind farm parameterizations

Title: Turbulent kinetic energy over large offshore wind farms observed and simulated by the mesoscale model WRF (3.8.1)

Citation Formats

References (53)

Similar Records

Related Subjects