Testing Lithium-Ion Battery with the Internal Reference Electrode: An Insight into the Blocking Effect

Chu, Zhengyu; Feng, Xuning; Liaw, Boryann; Li, Yalun; Lu, Languang; Li, Jianqiu; Han, Xuebing; Ouyang, Minggao

doi:10.1149/2.0141814jes

Title: Testing Lithium-Ion Battery with the Internal Reference Electrode: An Insight into the Blocking Effect

Journal Article · 16 October 2018 · Journal of the Electrochemical Society

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0141814jes · OSTI ID:1605194

^[1];

^[2]; Li, Yalun ^[1]; Lu, Languang ^[1]; Li, Jianqiu ^[1]; Han, Xuebing ^[1]; Ouyang, Minggao ^[1]

Tsinghua Univ., Beijing (China). State Key Lab. of Automotive Safety and Energy
Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)

Long-term stability of reference electrode is a major issue in lithium-ion batteries. A composite Ni-Li reference electrode (RE) with a longer lifetime than traditional Cu-wire Li reference electrodes is proposed in this study. However, the larger size of the Ni-Li RE creates a blocking effect when positioned internally in the battery. The blocking effect manifests as an abnormal feature in the measured electrode potential. A two-dimensional (2D) finite element model of the cell with an internal RE is constructed to investigate the mechanism of the blocking effect. The internal RE blocks the path of local current flow in the electrolyte, and decreases the electrochemical reaction rate of particles in the anode and cathode, leading to measurement errors. Characteristic lengths of RE and applied currents were examined as parameters in the finite element model to determine their effect on the magnitude of error. A useful guide is provided for proper selection of size of RE and applied current in dynamic tests of lithium-ion batteries.

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Research Organization:: Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC07-05ID14517

OSTI ID:: 1605194

Report Number(s):: INL-JOU--18-51745

Journal Information:: Journal of the Electrochemical Society, Journal Name: Journal of the Electrochemical Society Journal Issue: 14 Vol. 165; ISSN 0013-4651

Publisher:: IOP Publishing - The Electrochemical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Fast Charging of Li-Ion Cells: Part I. Using Li/Cu Reference Electrodes to Probe Individual Electrode Potentials Rodrigues, Marco-Tulio F.; Kalaga, Kaushik; Trask, Stephen E. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0401906jes	journal	January 2019
Critical Review of the Use of Reference Electrodes in Li-Ion Batteries: A Diagnostic Perspective Raccichini, Rinaldo; Amores, Marco; Hinds, Gareth Batteries, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries5010012	journal	January 2019

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