Two-neutron knockout as a probe of the composition of states in Mg22,Al23 , and Si24

Longfellow, B.; Gade, Alexandra; Tostevin, J. A.; Simpson, E. C.; Brown, B. A.; Magilligan, A.; Bazin, D.; Bender, P. C.; Bowry, M.; Elman, B.; Lunderberg, E.; Rhodes, D.; Spieker, M.; Weisshaar, D.; Williams, S. J.

doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.101.031303

Title: Two-neutron knockout as a probe of the composition of states in ${}^{22}{Mg}, {}^{23}{Al}$ , and ${}^{24}{Si}$

Abstract

Simpson and Tostevin proposed that the width and shape of exclusive parallel momentum distributions of the $A - 2$ residue in direct two-nucleon knockout reactions carry a measurable sensitivity to the nucleon single-particle configurations and their couplings within the wave functions of exotic nuclei. We further report here on the first benchmarks and use of this new spectroscopic tool. Exclusive parallel momentum distributions for states in the neutron-deficient nuclei ${}_{22}{Mg}, {}_{23}{Al}$ , and ${}_{24}{Si}$ populated in such direct two-neutron removal reactions were extracted and compared to predictions combining eikonal reaction theory and shell-model calculations. For the well-known ${}_{22}{Mg}$ and ${}_{23}{Al}$ nuclei, measurements and calculations were found to agree, supporting the dependence of the parallel momentum distribution width on the angular momentum composition of the shell-model two-neutron amplitudes. In ${}_{24}{Si}$ , a level at 3439(9) keV, of relevance for the important ${}_{23}{Al} (p, γ) {}_{24}{Si}$ astrophysical reaction rate, was confirmed to be the $2_{2}^{+}$ state, whereas the $4_{1}^{+}$ state, expected to be strongly populated in two-neutron knockout, was not observed. This puzzle is resolved by theoretical considerations of the Thomas-Ehrman shift, which also indicates that a previously reported 3471-keV state in ${}_{24}{Si}$ is, in fact, the ( $0_{2}^{+}$ ) level with one of the largest experimental mirror-energy shifts ever observed.

Authors:

^[1];

^[1]; Tostevin, J. A. ^[2]; Simpson, E. C. ^[3]; Brown, B. A. ^[1];

^[1]; Bazin, D. ^[1]; Bender, P. C. ^[4]; Bowry, M. ^[5]; Elman, B. ^[1]; Lunderberg, E. ^[1]; Rhodes, D. ^[1]; Spieker, M. ^[6]; Weisshaar, D. ^[1]; Williams, S. J. ^[7]

Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States)
Univ. of Surrey, Guildford (United Kingdom)
Australian National Univ., Canberra, ACT (Australia)
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States); Univ. of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA (United States)
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States); Univ. of the West of Scotland (United Kingdom)
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States); Florida State Univ., Tallahassee, FL (United States)
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States); Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Oxford (United Kingdom). Diamond Light Source, Ltd.

Publication Date:: 2020-03-12

Research Org.:: Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP); National Science Foundation (NSF); Science and Technology Facilities Council; USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), Office of Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation

OSTI Identifier:: 1604421

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1604487; OSTI ID: 1604763

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0020451; PHY-1102511; PHY-1565546; NA0003180; FG02-08ER41556; ST/L005743/1; PHY-1811855

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Physical Review C

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 101; Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9985

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS; gamma-ray spectroscopy; nuclear structure; shell model; direct reactions; radioactive beams; gamma-ray spectroscopy, nuclear structure, shell model, direct reactions, radioactive beams

Citation Formats


                    Longfellow, B., Gade, Alexandra, Tostevin, J. A., Simpson, E. C., Brown, B. A., Magilligan, A., Bazin, D., Bender, P. C., Bowry, M., Elman, B., Lunderberg, E., Rhodes, D., Spieker, M., Weisshaar, D., and Williams, S. J. Two-neutron knockout as a probe of the composition of states in Mg22,Al23 , and Si24.  United States: N. p., 2020. 
Web.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.101.031303.

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                    Longfellow, B., Gade, Alexandra, Tostevin, J. A., Simpson, E. C., Brown, B. A., Magilligan, A., Bazin, D., Bender, P. C., Bowry, M., Elman, B., Lunderberg, E., Rhodes, D., Spieker, M., Weisshaar, D., & Williams, S. J. Two-neutron knockout as a probe of the composition of states in Mg22,Al23 , and Si24.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.101.031303

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                    Longfellow, B., Gade, Alexandra, Tostevin, J. A., Simpson, E. C., Brown, B. A., Magilligan, A., Bazin, D., Bender, P. C., Bowry, M., Elman, B., Lunderberg, E., Rhodes, D., Spieker, M., Weisshaar, D., and Williams, S. J. Thu .  
"Two-neutron knockout as a probe of the composition of states in Mg22,Al23 , and Si24".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.101.031303.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1604421.

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@article{osti_1604421,

  title        = {Two-neutron knockout as a probe of the composition of states in Mg22,Al23 , and Si24},

  author       = {Longfellow, B. and Gade, Alexandra and Tostevin, J. A. and Simpson, E. C. and Brown, B. A. and Magilligan, A. and Bazin, D. and Bender, P. C. and Bowry, M. and Elman, B. and Lunderberg, E. and Rhodes, D. and Spieker, M. and Weisshaar, D. and Williams, S. J.},

  abstractNote = {Simpson and Tostevin proposed that the width and shape of exclusive parallel momentum distributions of the A-2 residue in direct two-nucleon knockout reactions carry a measurable sensitivity to the nucleon single-particle configurations and their couplings within the wave functions of exotic nuclei. We further report here on the first benchmarks and use of this new spectroscopic tool. Exclusive parallel momentum distributions for states in the neutron-deficient nuclei Mg22,Al23, and Si24 populated in such direct two-neutron removal reactions were extracted and compared to predictions combining eikonal reaction theory and shell-model calculations. For the well-known Mg22 and Al23 nuclei, measurements and calculations were found to agree, supporting the dependence of the parallel momentum distribution width on the angular momentum composition of the shell-model two-neutron amplitudes. In Si24, a level at 3439(9) keV, of relevance for the important Al23(p,γ)Si24 astrophysical reaction rate, was confirmed to be the 22+ state, whereas the 41+ state, expected to be strongly populated in two-neutron knockout, was not observed. This puzzle is resolved by theoretical considerations of the Thomas-Ehrman shift, which also indicates that a previously reported 3471-keV state in Si24 is, in fact, the (02+) level with one of the largest experimental mirror-energy shifts ever observed.},

  doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevC.101.031303},

  journal      = {Physical Review C},

  number       = 3,

  volume       = 101,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2020},

  month        = {3}

}

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Title: Two-neutron knockout as a probe of the composition of states in Mg 22 , Al 23 , and Si 24

Abstract

Citation Formats

D IRECT R EACTIONS WITH E XOTIC N UCLEI journal, December 2003

In-beam nuclear spectroscopy of bound states with fast exotic ion beams journal, January 2008

Nuclear structure from direct reactions with rare isotopes: observables, methods and highlights journal, September 2016

New Direct Reaction: Two-Proton Knockout from Neutron-Rich Nuclei journal, June 2003

Two-neutron knockout from neutron-deficient Ar 34 , S 30 , and Si 26 journal, August 2006

Diffraction dissociation contributions to two-nucleon knockout reactions and the suppression of shell-model strength journal, December 2006

Two-Nucleon Knockout Spectroscopy at the Limits of Nuclear Stability journal, April 2009

Longitudinal momentum distributions of the reaction residues following fast two-nucleon knockout reactions journal, June 2009

Triple configuration coexistence in S 44 journal, June 2011

Correlations probed in direct two-nucleon removal reactions journal, October 2010

In-beam γ-ray spectroscopy at the proton dripline: 23Al journal, August 2008

The Effects of Variations in Nuclear Processes on Type I X‐Ray Burst Nucleosynthesis journal, September 2008

Dependence of X-Ray Burst Models on Nuclear Reaction Rates journal, October 2016

First Measurement of Excited States in the Very Proton Rich Nucleus 24 Si and the Consequences for 22 Na Nucleosynthesis in Novae journal, November 1997

On the Displacement of Corresponding Energy Levels of C 13 and N 13 journal, February 1951

An Analysis of the Energy Levels of the Mirror Nuclei, C 13 and N 13 journal, December 1952

Constraining the Neutron Star Compactness: Extraction of the Al 23 ( p , γ ) Reaction Rate for the r p Process journal, June 2019

NSCL and FRIB at Michigan State University: Nuclear science at the limits of stability journal, April 2016

Commissioning the A1900 projectile fragment separator journal, May 2003

The S800 spectrograph journal, May 2003

Focal plane detector for the S800 high-resolution spectrometer journal, February 1999

Measurement of key resonances for the Al 24 ( p , γ ) Si 25 reaction rate using in-beam γ -ray spectroscopy journal, May 2018

Spectroscopy and lifetime measurements near the proton drip line: P 26 , 27 , 28 journal, June 2019

CAESAR—A high-efficiency CsI(Na) scintillator array for in-beam spectroscopy with fast rare-isotope beams journal, December 2010

Constraint on the astrophysical Ne 18 ( α , p ) Na 21 reaction rate through a Mg 24 ( p , t ) Mg 22 measurement journal, May 2009

High-precision ( p , t ) reaction measurement to determine Ne 18 ( α , p ) Na 21 reaction rates journal, November 2009

Level Structure of M g 22 : Implications for the N a 21 ( p , γ ) M g 22 Astrophysical Reaction Rate and for the M g 22 Mass journal, January 2005

Empirical strengths of spin operators in nuclei journal, January 1984

Status of the Nuclear Shell Model journal, December 1988

Single-particle structure of silicon isotopes approaching Si 42 journal, September 2014

Correlated two-nucleon stripping reactions journal, December 2004

Probing elastic and inelastic breakup contributions to intermediate-energy two-proton removal reactions journal, May 2012

Isobaric-spin splitting of single-particle resonances journal, July 1961

Center-of-mass effects in single-nucleon knock-out reactions journal, August 1974

Invariant-mass spectroscopy of O 14 excited states journal, December 2019

Nucleus O 26 : A Barely Unbound System beyond the Drip Line journal, March 2016

Mass Measurement on the r p -Process Waiting Point K r 72 journal, October 2004

Ground-State Proton Decay of Br 69 and Implications for the Se 68 Astrophysical Rapid Proton-Capture Process Waiting Point journal, June 2011

Determining the r p -Process Flow through Ni 56 : Resonances in Cu 57 ( p , γ ) Zn 58 Identified with GRETINA journal, July 2014

Inverse Kinematic Study of the Al 26 g ( d , p ) Al 27 Reaction and Implications for Destruction of Al 26 in Wolf-Rayet and Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars journal, August 2015

Discovery of Rb 72 : A Nuclear Sandbank Beyond the Proton Drip Line journal, November 2017

Title: Two-neutron knockout as a probe of the composition of states in ${}^{22}{Mg}, {}^{23}{Al}$ , and ${}^{24}{Si}$

D IRECT R EACTIONS WITH E XOTIC N UCLEI
journal, December 2003

In-beam nuclear spectroscopy of bound states with fast exotic ion beams
journal, January 2008

Nuclear structure from direct reactions with rare isotopes: observables, methods and highlights
journal, September 2016

New Direct Reaction: Two-Proton Knockout from Neutron-Rich Nuclei
journal, June 2003

Two-neutron knockout from neutron-deficient ${}^{34}{Ar}$ , ${}^{30}S$ , and ${}^{26}{Si}$
journal, August 2006

Diffraction dissociation contributions to two-nucleon knockout reactions and the suppression of shell-model strength
journal, December 2006

Two-Nucleon Knockout Spectroscopy at the Limits of Nuclear Stability
journal, April 2009

Longitudinal momentum distributions of the reaction residues following fast two-nucleon knockout reactions
journal, June 2009

Triple configuration coexistence in ${}^{44}S$
journal, June 2011

Correlations probed in direct two-nucleon removal reactions
journal, October 2010

In-beam γ-ray spectroscopy at the proton dripline: 23Al
journal, August 2008

The Effects of Variations in Nuclear Processes on Type I X‐Ray Burst Nucleosynthesis
journal, September 2008

Dependence of X-Ray Burst Models on Nuclear Reaction Rates
journal, October 2016

First Measurement of Excited States in the Very Proton Rich Nucleus $^{24}$ Si and the Consequences for $^{22}$ Na Nucleosynthesis in Novae
journal, November 1997

On the Displacement of Corresponding Energy Levels of $C^{13}$ and $N^{13}$
journal, February 1951

An Analysis of the Energy Levels of the Mirror Nuclei, $C^{13}$ and $N^{13}$
journal, December 1952

Constraining the Neutron Star Compactness: Extraction of the ${}^{23}{Al} (p, γ)$ Reaction Rate for the $r p$ Process
journal, June 2019

NSCL and FRIB at Michigan State University: Nuclear science at the limits of stability
journal, April 2016

Commissioning the A1900 projectile fragment separator
journal, May 2003

The S800 spectrograph
journal, May 2003

Focal plane detector for the S800 high-resolution spectrometer
journal, February 1999

Measurement of key resonances for the ${}^{24}{Al} (p, γ) {}^{25}{Si}$ reaction rate using in-beam $γ$ -ray spectroscopy
journal, May 2018

Spectroscopy and lifetime measurements near the proton drip line: ${}^{26, 27, 28}P$
journal, June 2019

CAESAR—A high-efficiency CsI(Na) scintillator array for in-beam spectroscopy with fast rare-isotope beams
journal, December 2010

Constraint on the astrophysical ${}^{18}{Ne} (α, p) {}^{21}{Na}$ reaction rate through a ${}^{24}{Mg} (p, t) {}^{22}{Mg}$ measurement
journal, May 2009

High-precision $(p, t)$ reaction measurement to determine ${}^{18}{Ne} (α, p) {}^{21}{Na}$ reaction rates
journal, November 2009

Level Structure of ${}^{22}{M g}$ : Implications for the ${}^{21}{N a} (p, γ) {}^{22}{M g}$ Astrophysical Reaction Rate and for the ${}^{22}{M g}$ Mass
journal, January 2005

Empirical strengths of spin operators in nuclei
journal, January 1984

Status of the Nuclear Shell Model
journal, December 1988

Single-particle structure of silicon isotopes approaching ${}^{42}{Si}$
journal, September 2014

Correlated two-nucleon stripping reactions
journal, December 2004

Probing elastic and inelastic breakup contributions to intermediate-energy two-proton removal reactions
journal, May 2012

Isobaric-spin splitting of single-particle resonances
journal, July 1961

Center-of-mass effects in single-nucleon knock-out reactions
journal, August 1974

Invariant-mass spectroscopy of ${}^{14}O$ excited states
journal, December 2019

Nucleus ${}^{26}O$ : A Barely Unbound System beyond the Drip Line
journal, March 2016

Mass Measurement on the $r p$ -Process Waiting Point ${}^{72}{K r}$
journal, October 2004

Ground-State Proton Decay of ${}^{69}{Br}$ and Implications for the ${}^{68}{Se}$ Astrophysical Rapid Proton-Capture Process Waiting Point
journal, June 2011

Determining the $r p$ -Process Flow through ${}^{56}{Ni}$ : Resonances in ${}^{57}{Cu} (p, γ) {}^{58}{Zn}$ Identified with GRETINA
journal, July 2014

Inverse Kinematic Study of the ${}^{26 g}{Al} (d, p) {}^{27}{Al}$ Reaction and Implications for Destruction of ${}^{26}{Al}$ in Wolf-Rayet and Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars
journal, August 2015

Discovery of ${}^{72}{Rb}$ : A Nuclear Sandbank Beyond the Proton Drip Line
journal, November 2017