Assessing the Viability of Recovery of Hydroxycinnamic Acids from Lignocellulosic Biorefinery Alkaline Pretreatment Waste Streams

Karlen, Steven D.; Fasahati, Peyman; Mazaheri, Mona; Serate, Jose; Smith, Rebecca A.; Sirobhushanam, Sirisha; Chen, Mingjie; Tymokhin, Vitaliy I.; Cass, Cynthia L.; Liu, Sarah; Padmakshan, Dharshana; Xie, Dan; Zhang, Yaoping; McGee, Mick A.; Russell, Jason D.; Coon, Joshua J.; Kaeppler, Heidi F.; Leon, Natalia; Maravelias, Christos T.; Runge, Troy M.; Kaeppler, Shawn M.; Sedbrook, John C.; Ralph, John

doi:10.1002/cssc.201903345

Title: Assessing the Viability of Recovery of Hydroxycinnamic Acids from Lignocellulosic Biorefinery Alkaline Pretreatment Waste Streams

Abstract

The hydroxycinnamic acids, p-coumaric acid (pCA) and ferulic acid (FA), add diversity to the portfolio of products produced by grassfed lignocellulosic biorefineries. The level of lignin-bound p CA in Zea mays was modified by alteration of PMT expression. The biomass was processed in a lab-scale alkaline-pretreatment biorefinery process and the data was used for a baseline technoeconomic analysis to determine where to direct our future research efforts in coupling plant design to biomass utilization processes. We concluded that future plant engineering efforts should focus on strategies that ramp up predominantly one type of hydroxycinnamate (pCA or FA) and suppress accumulation of the other. The technoeconomic analysis indicated that target extraction titers of one hydroxycinnamic acid need to be >50 g kg^-1 biomass, at least a five-fold higher than our observed titers for the impure p CA/FA product mixture from wild-type maize. The technical challenge for process engineers is to develop a viable process requiring more than 80% reduction in the isolation costs.

Authors:

^[1];

^[2]; Mazaheri, Mona ^[3]; Serate, Jose ^[4];

^[1]; Sirobhushanam, Sirisha ^[5];

^[6];

^[4]; Cass, Cynthia L. ^[5]; Liu, Sarah ^[1]; Padmakshan, Dharshana ^[1]; Xie, Dan ^[4];

^[4];

^[4]; Russell, Jason D. ^[7];

^[8]; Kaeppler, Heidi F. ^[3];

^[3]; Maravelias, Christos T. ^[2]; Runge, Troy M. ^[9] more »

DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterWisconsin Energy InstituteUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison Madison WI 53726 USA; Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison Madison WI 53706 USA
DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterWisconsin Energy InstituteUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison Madison WI 53726 USA; Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison Madison WI 53706 USA
DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterWisconsin Energy InstituteUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison Madison WI 53726 USA; Department of AgronomyUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison Madison WI 53706 USA
DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterWisconsin Energy InstituteUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison Madison WI 53726 USA
DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterSchool of Biological SciencesIllinois State University Normal IL 61790 USA
DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterWisconsin Energy InstituteUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison Madison WI 53726 USA; Department of Biological Systems EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison Madison WI 53706 USA
DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterWisconsin Energy InstituteUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison Madison WI 53726 USA; Morgridge Institute for Research Madison WI 53715 USA
DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterWisconsin Energy InstituteUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison Madison WI 53726 USA; Morgridge Institute for Research Madison WI 53715 USA; Department of Biomolecular ChemistryUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison Madison WI 53706 USA; Department of ChemistryUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison Madison WI 53706 USA
Department of Biological Systems EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison Madison WI 53706 USA

Publication Date:: Wed Mar 11 00:00:00 EDT 2020

Research Org.:: Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Madison, WI (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

OSTI Identifier:: 1604113

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1600940; OSTI ID: 1604115

Grant/Contract Number:: FC02-07ER64494; SC0018409

Resource Type:: Published Article

Journal Name:: ChemSusChem

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: ChemSusChem; Journal ID: ISSN 1864-5631

Publisher:: ChemPubSoc Europe

Country of Publication:: Germany

Language:: English

Subject:: 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; acids; biomass; industrial chemistry; protein; engineering; synthesis design

Citation Formats


                    Karlen, Steven D., Fasahati, Peyman, Mazaheri, Mona, Serate, Jose, Smith, Rebecca A., Sirobhushanam, Sirisha, Chen, Mingjie, Tymokhin, Vitaliy I., Cass, Cynthia L., Liu, Sarah, Padmakshan, Dharshana, Xie, Dan, Zhang, Yaoping, McGee, Mick A., Russell, Jason D., Coon, Joshua J., Kaeppler, Heidi F., Leon, Natalia, Maravelias, Christos T., Runge, Troy M., Kaeppler, Shawn M., Sedbrook, John C., and Ralph, John. Assessing the Viability of Recovery of Hydroxycinnamic Acids from Lignocellulosic Biorefinery Alkaline Pretreatment Waste Streams.  Germany: N. p., 2020. 
Web.  doi:10.1002/cssc.201903345.

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                    Karlen, Steven D., Fasahati, Peyman, Mazaheri, Mona, Serate, Jose, Smith, Rebecca A., Sirobhushanam, Sirisha, Chen, Mingjie, Tymokhin, Vitaliy I., Cass, Cynthia L., Liu, Sarah, Padmakshan, Dharshana, Xie, Dan, Zhang, Yaoping, McGee, Mick A., Russell, Jason D., Coon, Joshua J., Kaeppler, Heidi F., Leon, Natalia, Maravelias, Christos T., Runge, Troy M., Kaeppler, Shawn M., Sedbrook, John C., & Ralph, John. Assessing the Viability of Recovery of Hydroxycinnamic Acids from Lignocellulosic Biorefinery Alkaline Pretreatment Waste Streams.  Germany.  https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201903345

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                    Karlen, Steven D., Fasahati, Peyman, Mazaheri, Mona, Serate, Jose, Smith, Rebecca A., Sirobhushanam, Sirisha, Chen, Mingjie, Tymokhin, Vitaliy I., Cass, Cynthia L., Liu, Sarah, Padmakshan, Dharshana, Xie, Dan, Zhang, Yaoping, McGee, Mick A., Russell, Jason D., Coon, Joshua J., Kaeppler, Heidi F., Leon, Natalia, Maravelias, Christos T., Runge, Troy M., Kaeppler, Shawn M., Sedbrook, John C., and Ralph, John. Wed .  
"Assessing the Viability of Recovery of Hydroxycinnamic Acids from Lignocellulosic Biorefinery Alkaline Pretreatment Waste Streams".  Germany.  https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201903345.

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@article{osti_1604113,

  title        = {Assessing the Viability of Recovery of Hydroxycinnamic Acids from Lignocellulosic Biorefinery Alkaline Pretreatment Waste Streams},

  author       = {Karlen, Steven D. and Fasahati, Peyman and Mazaheri, Mona and Serate, Jose and Smith, Rebecca A. and Sirobhushanam, Sirisha and Chen, Mingjie and Tymokhin, Vitaliy I. and Cass, Cynthia L. and Liu, Sarah and Padmakshan, Dharshana and Xie, Dan and Zhang, Yaoping and McGee, Mick A. and Russell, Jason D. and Coon, Joshua J. and Kaeppler, Heidi F. and Leon, Natalia and Maravelias, Christos T. and Runge, Troy M. and Kaeppler, Shawn M. and Sedbrook, John C. and Ralph, John},

  abstractNote = {The hydroxycinnamic acids, p-coumaric acid (pCA) and ferulic acid (FA), add diversity to the portfolio of products produced by grassfed lignocellulosic biorefineries. The level of lignin-bound p CA in Zea mays was modified by alteration of PMT expression. The biomass was processed in a lab-scale alkaline-pretreatment biorefinery process and the data was used for a baseline technoeconomic analysis to determine where to direct our future research efforts in coupling plant design to biomass utilization processes. We concluded that future plant engineering efforts should focus on strategies that ramp up predominantly one type of hydroxycinnamate (pCA or FA) and suppress accumulation of the other. The technoeconomic analysis indicated that target extraction titers of one hydroxycinnamic acid need to be >50 g kg-1 biomass, at least a five-fold higher than our observed titers for the impure p CA/FA product mixture from wild-type maize. The technical challenge for process engineers is to develop a viable process requiring more than 80% reduction in the isolation costs.},

  doi          = {10.1002/cssc.201903345},

  journal      = {ChemSusChem},

  number       = ,

  volume       = ,

  place        = {Germany},

  year         = {Wed Mar 11 00:00:00 EDT 2020},

  month        = {Wed Mar 11 00:00:00 EDT 2020}

}

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Naturally p-Hydroxybenzoylated Lignins in Palms
journal, February 2015

Lu, Fachuang; Karlen, Steven D.; Regner, Matt
BioEnergy Research, Vol. 8, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1007/s12155-015-9583-4

Economic and energetic analysis of capturing CO2 from ambient air
journal, December 2011

House, K. Z.; Baclig, A. C.; Ranjan, M.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 108, Issue 51
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1012253108

Overexpression of a rice BAHD acyltransferase gene in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) enhances saccharification
journal, September 2018

Li, Guotian; Jones, Kyle C.; Eudes, Aymerick
BMC Biotechnology, Vol. 18, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1186/s12896-018-0464-8

Techno-economic analysis of thermal deoxygenation based biorefineries for the coproduction of fuels and chemicals
journal, March 2018

Gunukula, Sampath; Klein, Sharon J. W.; Pendse, Hemant P.
Applied Energy, Vol. 214
DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.01.065

Funneling aromatic products of chemically depolymerized lignin into 2-pyrone-4-6-dicarboxylic acid with Novosphingobium aromaticivorans
journal, January 2019

Perez, Jose M.; Kontur, Wayne S.; Alherech, Manar
Green Chemistry, Vol. 21, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1039/C8GC03504K

p -Coumaric acid and its conjugates: dietary sources, pharmacokinetic properties and biological activities: p -Coumaric acid and its conjugates
journal, January 2016

Pei, Kehan; Ou, Juanying; Huang, Junqing
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, Vol. 96, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7578

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Title: Assessing the Viability of Recovery of Hydroxycinnamic Acids from Lignocellulosic Biorefinery Alkaline Pretreatment Waste Streams

Abstract

Citation Formats

Ferulic acid: pharmaceutical functions, preparation and applications in foods journal, July 2004

Ferulic acid: Pharmacological and toxicological aspects journal, March 2014

Reductive Cleavage Method for Quantitation of Monolignols and Low-Abundance Monolignol Conjugates journal, May 2018

Linkage of p-coumaroyl and feruloyl groups to cell-wall polysaccharides of barley straw journal, April 1986

Impact of volatile fatty acid recovery on economics of ethanol production from brown algae via mixed alcohol synthesis journal, June 2015

Inhibition of ethanol-producing yeast and bacteria by degradation products produced during pre-treatment of biomass journal, August 2004

Controlling microbial contamination during hydrolysis of AFEX-pretreated corn stover and switchgrass: effects on hydrolysate composition, microbial response and fermentation journal, November 2015

New Compound in Rice Bran and Germ Oils. [米糠油および米胚芽油中の新化合物] journal, January 1954

Commelinid Monocotyledon Lignins Are Acylated by p -Coumarate journal, May 2018

Enzymatic conversion of lignin into renewable chemicals journal, December 2015

Suppression of a single BAHD gene in Setaria viridis causes large, stable decreases in cell wall feruloylation and increases biomass digestibility journal, January 2018

Accumulation of phenolic acid conjugates and betacyanins, and changes in the activities of enzymes involved in feruloylglucose metabolism in cell-suspension cultures ofChenopodium rubrum L. journal, January 1991

Biological valorization of low molecular weight lignin journal, December 2016

A roadmap for the synthesis of separation networks for the recovery of bio-based chemicals: Matching biological and process feasibility journal, December 2016

Lime Pretreatment of Coastal Bermudagrass for Bioethanol Production journal, April 2011

Sequencing, Mapping, and Analysis of 27,455 Maize Full-Length cDNAs journal, November 2009

Carbohydrate esters of ferulic acid as components of cell-walls of Lolium multiflorum journal, March 1973

Identification of Grass-specific Enzyme That Acylates Monolignols with p-Coumarate journal, January 2012

Maize Stem Response to Long-Term Attack by Sesamia nonagrioides journal, April 2018

Peroxidase-dependent cross-linking reactions of p-hydroxycinnamates in plant cell walls journal, January 2004

cis,cis-Muconic acid: separation and catalysis to bio-adipic acid for nylon-6,6 polymerization journal, January 2016

Economic, energy, and environmental impacts of alcohol dehydration technology on biofuel production from brown algae journal, December 2015

Seperation and purification of ferulic acid in alkaline-hydrolysate from sugarcane bagasse by activated charcoal adsorption/anion macroporous resin exchange chromatography journal, February 2007

Solution-state 2D NMR of Ball-milled Plant Cell Wall Gels in DMSO-d 6 journal, March 2008

Integrated experimental and technoeconomic evaluation of two-stage Cu-catalyzed alkaline–oxidative pretreatment of hybrid poplar journal, May 2018

Lignin valorization through integrated biological funneling and chemical catalysis journal, August 2014

Chemicals from lignin: an interplay of lignocellulose fractionation, depolymerisation, and upgrading journal, January 2018

p -Coumaroyl-CoA:monolignol transferase (PMT) acts specifically in the lignin biosynthetic pathway in Brachypodium distachyon journal, February 2014

Long chain esters of Virola species journal, January 1987

Ancient origin of the biosynthesis of lignin precursors journal, May 2015

The distribution of ester-linked ferulic acid in the cell walls of angiosperms journal, September 2009

Process performance in lignin separation from softwood black liquor by membrane filtration journal, September 2014

Hydroxycinnamic Acids and Their Derivatives: Cosmeceutical Significance, Challenges and Future Perspectives, a Review journal, February 2017

Phenolics and polyphenolics in foods, beverages and spices: Antioxidant activity and health effects – A review journal, October 2015

Cinnamic acid and p-coumaric acid, precursors of ubiquinone in higher plants, green algae and fungi journal, July 1970

Hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives: a potential class of natural compounds for the management of lipid metabolism and obesity journal, April 2016

Process Design and Economics for the Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Hydrocarbons: Dilute-Acid and Enzymatic Deconstruction of Biomass to Sugars and Biological Conversion of Sugars to Hydrocarbons report, October 2013

In situ recovery of bio-based carboxylic acids journal, January 2018

Agrobacterium tumefaciens -Mediated Transformation of Maize Embryos Using a Standard Binary Vector System journal, May 2002

Cell wall composition as a maize defense mechanism against corn borers journal, April 2011

Comparative Studies on Cellulolytic Enzyme Lignin and Milled Wood Lignin of Sweetgum and Spruce journal, January 1975

Antioxidant potential of ferulic acid journal, October 1992

Influence of bio-based solvents on the catalytic reductive fractionation of birch wood journal, January 2015

Polyphenol Liquid–Liquid Extraction Process Development Using NRTL-SAC journal, June 2018

Monolignol ferulate conjugates are naturally incorporated into plant lignins journal, October 2016

Identification and suppression of the p‐ coumaroyl CoA:hydroxycinnamyl alcohol transferase in Zea mays L. journal, May 2014

p-Coumaric and ferulic acid components of cell walls of ryegrass and their relationships with lignin and digestibility journal, November 1972

DFRC Method for Lignin Analysis. 1. New Method for β-Aryl Ether Cleavage: Lignin Model Studies journal, December 1997

Process Design and Economics for Biochemical Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Ethanol: Dilute-Acid Pretreatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Corn Stover report, March 2011

Opportunities and challenges in biological lignin valorization journal, December 2016

Adipic acid production from lignin journal, January 2015

Pyrolysis-GC-MS characterization of forage materials journal, August 1991

Production of coumaric acid from sugarcane bagasse journal, April 2009

Overexpression of a BAHD Acyltransferase, OsAt10 , Alters Rice Cell Wall Hydroxycinnamic Acid Content and Saccharification journal, February 2013

Gateway-compatible vectors for high-throughput gene functional analysis in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and other monocot species: Gateway-compatible vectors for monocot transformation journal, September 2011

A superstructure-based framework for bio-separation network synthesis journal, January 2017

Solution-state 2D NMR of ball-milled plant cell wall gels in DMSO-d6/pyridine-d5 journal, January 2010

Membrane Fractionation of Liquors from Lignin‐First Biorefining journal, February 2019

Validation of lignocellulosic biomass carbohydrates determination via acid hydrolysis journal, November 2014

Industrial-scale bioethanol production from brown algae: Effects of pretreatment processes on plant economics journal, February 2015

The Composition of the Wax in Douglas-Fir Bark journal, April 1950

Response of cell-wall composition and RNA-seq transcriptome to methyl-jasmonate in Brachypodium distachyon callus journal, August 2018

Effect of activated charcoal treatment of alkaline hydrolysates from sugarcane bagasse on purification of p-coumaric acid journal, October 2011

Improvements in Biobutanol Fermentation and Their Impacts on Distillation Energy Consumption and Wastewater Generation journal, December 2011

Impact of lignin polymer backbone esters on ionic liquid pretreatment of poplar journal, April 2017

Potential applications of ferulic acid from natural sources journal, December 2014

Detection and Determination of p-Coumaroylated Units in Lignins journal, May 1999

Engineering and Two-Stage Evolution of a Lignocellulosic Hydrolysate-Tolerant Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strain for Anaerobic Fermentation of Xylose from AFEX Pretreated Corn Stover journal, September 2014

Synthesis and analysis of separation processes for extracellular chemicals generated from microbial conversions journal, October 2019

Monolignol Ferulate Transferase Introduces Chemically Labile Linkages into the Lignin Backbone journal, April 2014

Five phenylpropanoid glycosides from Mussatia journal, January 1988

Naturally p-Hydroxybenzoylated Lignins in Palms journal, February 2015

Economic and energetic analysis of capturing CO2 from ambient air journal, December 2011

Overexpression of a rice BAHD acyltransferase gene in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) enhances saccharification journal, September 2018

Techno-economic analysis of thermal deoxygenation based biorefineries for the coproduction of fuels and chemicals journal, March 2018

Funneling aromatic products of chemically depolymerized lignin into 2-pyrone-4-6-dicarboxylic acid with Novosphingobium aromaticivorans journal, January 2019

p -Coumaric acid and its conjugates: dietary sources, pharmacokinetic properties and biological activities: p -Coumaric acid and its conjugates journal, January 2016

Ferulic acid: pharmaceutical functions, preparation and applications in foods
journal, July 2004

Ferulic acid: Pharmacological and toxicological aspects
journal, March 2014

Reductive Cleavage Method for Quantitation of Monolignols and Low-Abundance Monolignol Conjugates
journal, May 2018

Linkage of p-coumaroyl and feruloyl groups to cell-wall polysaccharides of barley straw
journal, April 1986

Impact of volatile fatty acid recovery on economics of ethanol production from brown algae via mixed alcohol synthesis
journal, June 2015

Inhibition of ethanol-producing yeast and bacteria by degradation products produced during pre-treatment of biomass
journal, August 2004

Controlling microbial contamination during hydrolysis of AFEX-pretreated corn stover and switchgrass: effects on hydrolysate composition, microbial response and fermentation
journal, November 2015

New Compound in Rice Bran and Germ Oils. [米糠油および米胚芽油中の新化合物]
journal, January 1954

Commelinid Monocotyledon Lignins Are Acylated by p -Coumarate
journal, May 2018

Enzymatic conversion of lignin into renewable chemicals
journal, December 2015

Suppression of a single BAHD gene in Setaria viridis causes large, stable decreases in cell wall feruloylation and increases biomass digestibility
journal, January 2018

Accumulation of phenolic acid conjugates and betacyanins, and changes in the activities of enzymes involved in feruloylglucose metabolism in cell-suspension cultures ofChenopodium rubrum L.
journal, January 1991

Biological valorization of low molecular weight lignin
journal, December 2016

A roadmap for the synthesis of separation networks for the recovery of bio-based chemicals: Matching biological and process feasibility
journal, December 2016

Lime Pretreatment of Coastal Bermudagrass for Bioethanol Production
journal, April 2011

Sequencing, Mapping, and Analysis of 27,455 Maize Full-Length cDNAs
journal, November 2009

Carbohydrate esters of ferulic acid as components of cell-walls of Lolium multiflorum
journal, March 1973

Identification of Grass-specific Enzyme That Acylates Monolignols with p-Coumarate
journal, January 2012

Maize Stem Response to Long-Term Attack by Sesamia nonagrioides
journal, April 2018

Peroxidase-dependent cross-linking reactions of p-hydroxycinnamates in plant cell walls
journal, January 2004

cis,cis-Muconic acid: separation and catalysis to bio-adipic acid for nylon-6,6 polymerization
journal, January 2016

Economic, energy, and environmental impacts of alcohol dehydration technology on biofuel production from brown algae
journal, December 2015

Seperation and purification of ferulic acid in alkaline-hydrolysate from sugarcane bagasse by activated charcoal adsorption/anion macroporous resin exchange chromatography
journal, February 2007

Solution-state 2D NMR of Ball-milled Plant Cell Wall Gels in DMSO-d ₆
journal, March 2008

Integrated experimental and technoeconomic evaluation of two-stage Cu-catalyzed alkaline–oxidative pretreatment of hybrid poplar
journal, May 2018

Lignin valorization through integrated biological funneling and chemical catalysis
journal, August 2014

Chemicals from lignin: an interplay of lignocellulose fractionation, depolymerisation, and upgrading
journal, January 2018

p -Coumaroyl-CoA:monolignol transferase (PMT) acts specifically in the lignin biosynthetic pathway in Brachypodium distachyon
journal, February 2014

Long chain esters of Virola species
journal, January 1987

Ancient origin of the biosynthesis of lignin precursors
journal, May 2015

The distribution of ester-linked ferulic acid in the cell walls of angiosperms
journal, September 2009

Process performance in lignin separation from softwood black liquor by membrane filtration
journal, September 2014

Hydroxycinnamic Acids and Their Derivatives: Cosmeceutical Significance, Challenges and Future Perspectives, a Review
journal, February 2017

Phenolics and polyphenolics in foods, beverages and spices: Antioxidant activity and health effects – A review
journal, October 2015

Cinnamic acid and p-coumaric acid, precursors of ubiquinone in higher plants, green algae and fungi
journal, July 1970

Hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives: a potential class of natural compounds for the management of lipid metabolism and obesity
journal, April 2016

Process Design and Economics for the Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Hydrocarbons: Dilute-Acid and Enzymatic Deconstruction of Biomass to Sugars and Biological Conversion of Sugars to Hydrocarbons
report, October 2013

In situ recovery of bio-based carboxylic acids
journal, January 2018

Agrobacterium tumefaciens -Mediated Transformation of Maize Embryos Using a Standard Binary Vector System
journal, May 2002

Cell wall composition as a maize defense mechanism against corn borers
journal, April 2011

Comparative Studies on Cellulolytic Enzyme Lignin and Milled Wood Lignin of Sweetgum and Spruce
journal, January 1975

Antioxidant potential of ferulic acid
journal, October 1992

Influence of bio-based solvents on the catalytic reductive fractionation of birch wood
journal, January 2015

Polyphenol Liquid–Liquid Extraction Process Development Using NRTL-SAC
journal, June 2018

Monolignol ferulate conjugates are naturally incorporated into plant lignins
journal, October 2016

Identification and suppression of the p‐ coumaroyl CoA:hydroxycinnamyl alcohol transferase in Zea mays L.
journal, May 2014

p-Coumaric and ferulic acid components of cell walls of ryegrass and their relationships with lignin and digestibility
journal, November 1972

DFRC Method for Lignin Analysis. 1. New Method for β-Aryl Ether Cleavage: Lignin Model Studies
journal, December 1997

Process Design and Economics for Biochemical Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Ethanol: Dilute-Acid Pretreatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Corn Stover
report, March 2011

Opportunities and challenges in biological lignin valorization
journal, December 2016

Adipic acid production from lignin
journal, January 2015

Pyrolysis-GC-MS characterization of forage materials
journal, August 1991

Production of coumaric acid from sugarcane bagasse
journal, April 2009

Overexpression of a BAHD Acyltransferase, OsAt10 , Alters Rice Cell Wall Hydroxycinnamic Acid Content and Saccharification
journal, February 2013

Gateway-compatible vectors for high-throughput gene functional analysis in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and other monocot species: Gateway-compatible vectors for monocot transformation
journal, September 2011

A superstructure-based framework for bio-separation network synthesis
journal, January 2017

Solution-state 2D NMR of ball-milled plant cell wall gels in DMSO-d6/pyridine-d5
journal, January 2010

Membrane Fractionation of Liquors from Lignin‐First Biorefining
journal, February 2019

Validation of lignocellulosic biomass carbohydrates determination via acid hydrolysis
journal, November 2014

Industrial-scale bioethanol production from brown algae: Effects of pretreatment processes on plant economics
journal, February 2015

The Composition of the Wax in Douglas-Fir Bark
journal, April 1950

Response of cell-wall composition and RNA-seq transcriptome to methyl-jasmonate in Brachypodium distachyon callus
journal, August 2018

Effect of activated charcoal treatment of alkaline hydrolysates from sugarcane bagasse on purification of p-coumaric acid
journal, October 2011

Improvements in Biobutanol Fermentation and Their Impacts on Distillation Energy Consumption and Wastewater Generation
journal, December 2011

Impact of lignin polymer backbone esters on ionic liquid pretreatment of poplar
journal, April 2017

Potential applications of ferulic acid from natural sources
journal, December 2014

Detection and Determination of p-Coumaroylated Units in Lignins
journal, May 1999

Engineering and Two-Stage Evolution of a Lignocellulosic Hydrolysate-Tolerant Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strain for Anaerobic Fermentation of Xylose from AFEX Pretreated Corn Stover
journal, September 2014

Synthesis and analysis of separation processes for extracellular chemicals generated from microbial conversions
journal, October 2019

Monolignol Ferulate Transferase Introduces Chemically Labile Linkages into the Lignin Backbone
journal, April 2014

Five phenylpropanoid glycosides from Mussatia
journal, January 1988

Naturally p-Hydroxybenzoylated Lignins in Palms
journal, February 2015

Economic and energetic analysis of capturing CO2 from ambient air
journal, December 2011

Overexpression of a rice BAHD acyltransferase gene in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) enhances saccharification
journal, September 2018

Techno-economic analysis of thermal deoxygenation based biorefineries for the coproduction of fuels and chemicals
journal, March 2018

Funneling aromatic products of chemically depolymerized lignin into 2-pyrone-4-6-dicarboxylic acid with Novosphingobium aromaticivorans
journal, January 2019

p -Coumaric acid and its conjugates: dietary sources, pharmacokinetic properties and biological activities: p -Coumaric acid and its conjugates
journal, January 2016