Research advances towards large-scale solar hydrogen production from water

Liu, Guanyu; Sheng, Yuan; Ager, Joel W.; Kraft, Markus; Xu, Rong

doi:10.1016/j.enchem.2019.100014

Title: Research advances towards large-scale solar hydrogen production from water

Abstract

Solar hydrogen production from water is a sustainable alternative to traditional hydrogen production route using fossil fuels. However, there is still no existing large-scale solar hydrogen production system to compete with its counterpart. In this Review, recent developments of four potentially cost-effective pathways towards large-scale solar hydrogen production, viz. photocatalytic, photobiological, solar thermal and photoelectrochemical routes, are discussed, respectively. The limiting factors including efficiency, scalability and durability for scale-up are assessed along with the field performance of the selected systems. Some benchmark studies are highlighted, mostly addressing one or two of the limiting factors, as well as a few recent examples demonstrating upscaled solar hydrogen production systems and emerging trends towards large-scale hydrogen production. Finally, a techno-economic analysis provides a critical comparison of the levelized cost of hydrogen output via each of the four solar-to-hydrogen conversion pathways.

Authors:

Liu, Guanyu ^[1]; Sheng, Yuan ^[1]; Ager, Joel W. ^[2];

^[1]; Xu, Rong ^[1]

Nanyang Technological Univ. (Singapore); Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore (CARES) (Singapore)
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Berkeley Educational Alliance for Research in Singapore (BEARS) (Singapore)

Publication Date:: Tue Aug 20 00:00:00 EDT 2019

Research Org.:: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC); Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Singapore National Research Foundation

OSTI Identifier:: 1603523

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; RG116/16

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: EnergyChem

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 1; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 2589-7780

Publisher:: Elsevier

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 08 HYDROGEN; sustainable hydrogen; solar fuels; large-scale; hydrogen production; water splitting

Citation Formats


                    Liu, Guanyu, Sheng, Yuan, Ager, Joel W., Kraft, Markus, and Xu, Rong. Research advances towards large-scale solar hydrogen production from water.  United States: N. p., 2019. 
Web.  doi:10.1016/j.enchem.2019.100014.

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                    Liu, Guanyu, Sheng, Yuan, Ager, Joel W., Kraft, Markus, & Xu, Rong. Research advances towards large-scale solar hydrogen production from water.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enchem.2019.100014

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                    Liu, Guanyu, Sheng, Yuan, Ager, Joel W., Kraft, Markus, and Xu, Rong. Tue .  
"Research advances towards large-scale solar hydrogen production from water".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enchem.2019.100014.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1603523.

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@article{osti_1603523,

  title        = {Research advances towards large-scale solar hydrogen production from water},

  author       = {Liu, Guanyu and Sheng, Yuan and Ager, Joel W. and Kraft, Markus and Xu, Rong},

  abstractNote = {Solar hydrogen production from water is a sustainable alternative to traditional hydrogen production route using fossil fuels. However, there is still no existing large-scale solar hydrogen production system to compete with its counterpart. In this Review, recent developments of four potentially cost-effective pathways towards large-scale solar hydrogen production, viz. photocatalytic, photobiological, solar thermal and photoelectrochemical routes, are discussed, respectively. The limiting factors including efficiency, scalability and durability for scale-up are assessed along with the field performance of the selected systems. Some benchmark studies are highlighted, mostly addressing one or two of the limiting factors, as well as a few recent examples demonstrating upscaled solar hydrogen production systems and emerging trends towards large-scale hydrogen production. Finally, a techno-economic analysis provides a critical comparison of the levelized cost of hydrogen output via each of the four solar-to-hydrogen conversion pathways.},

  doi          = {10.1016/j.enchem.2019.100014},

  journal      = {EnergyChem},

  number       = 2,

  volume       = 1,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Tue Aug 20 00:00:00 EDT 2019},

  month        = {Tue Aug 20 00:00:00 EDT 2019}

}

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Modeling, Simulation, and Implementation of Solar-Driven Water-Splitting Devices
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Estimates of the price of hydrogen as a medium for wind and solar sources
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Works referencing / citing this record:

Rational Synthesis of Amorphous Iron‐Nickel Phosphonates for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Water Oxidation with Almost 100 % Yield
journal, December 2019

Xing, Weinan; Yin, Shengming; Tu, Wenguang
Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 132, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912552

Tailorable nanoarchitecturing of bimetallic nickel–cobalt hydrogen phosphate via the self-weaving of nanotubes for efficient oxygen evolution
journal, January 2020

Septiani, Ni Luh Wulan; Kaneti, Yusuf Valentino; Fathoni, Kresna Bondan
Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 8, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1039/c9ta13442e

Rational Synthesis of Amorphous Iron‐Nickel Phosphonates for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Water Oxidation with Almost 100 % Yield
journal, December 2019

Xing, Weinan; Yin, Shengming; Tu, Wenguang
Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 59, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912552

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Title: Research advances towards large-scale solar hydrogen production from water

Abstract

Citation Formats

Pathways to electrochemical solar-hydrogen technologies journal, January 2018

Cleaning the Air and Improving Health with Hydrogen Fuel-Cell Vehicles journal, June 2005

Opportunities and challenges for a sustainable energy future journal, August 2012

Solar Energy Supply and Storage for the Legacy and Nonlegacy Worlds journal, November 2010

The Hydrogen Issue journal, December 2010

Life-cycle net energy assessment of large-scale hydrogen production via photoelectrochemical water splitting journal, January 2014

Experimental demonstrations of spontaneous, solar-driven photoelectrochemical water splitting journal, January 2015

Toward practical solar hydrogen production – an artificial photosynthetic leaf-to-farm challenge journal, January 2019

Toward Practical Solar Hydrogen Production journal, March 2018

Monolithic cells for solar fuels journal, January 2014

Development of Sunlight Driven Water Splitting Devices towards Future Artificial Photosynthetic Industry journal, August 2018

Fermentative and Photochemical Production of Hydrogen in Algae journal, November 1942

Electrochemical Photolysis of Water at a Semiconductor Electrode journal, July 1972

Photolysis of Water and Photoreduction of Nitrogen on Titanium Dioxide journal, October 1977

Energetic Efficiency of Hydrogen Photoevolution by Algal Water Splitting journal, August 1988

High-Efficiency Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production Using Multijunction Amorphous Silicon Photoelectrodes journal, January 1998

A new type of water splitting system composed of two different TiO2 photocatalysts (anatase, rutile) and a IO3−/I− shuttle redox mediator journal, August 2001

Photocatalytic hydrogen production under direct solar light in a CPC based solar reactor: Reactor design and preliminary results journal, December 2009

High-Flux Solar-Driven Thermochemical Dissociation of CO2 and H2O Using Nonstoichiometric Ceria journal, December 2010

A 24.4% solar to hydrogen energy conversion efficiency by combining concentrator photovoltaic modules and electrochemical cells journal, September 2015

Renewable fuels from concentrated solar power: towards practical artificial photosynthesis journal, January 2015

Demonstration of the Entire Production Chain to Renewable Kerosene via Solar Thermochemical Splitting of H 2 O and CO 2 journal, April 2015

Upscaling of integrated photoelectrochemical water-splitting devices to large areas journal, September 2016

Solar water splitting by photovoltaic-electrolysis with a solar-to-hydrogen efficiency over 30% journal, October 2016

Hydrogen concentrator demonstrator module with 19.8% solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency according to the higher heating value journal, October 2017

Direct solar photocatalytic hydrogen generation with CPC photoreactors: System development journal, September 2017

Sequential dark and photo fermentation hydrogen production from hydrolyzed corn stover: A pilot test using 11 m3 reactor journal, April 2018

A Particulate Photocatalyst Water-Splitting Panel for Large-Scale Solar Hydrogen Generation journal, March 2018

A thermally synergistic photo-electrochemical hydrogen generator operating under concentrated solar irradiation journal, April 2019

Limiting and realizable efficiencies of solar photolysis of water journal, August 1985

Modeling Practical Performance Limits of Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Based on the Current State of Materials Research journal, April 2014

Titanium Dioxide-Based Nanomaterials for Photocatalytic Fuel Generations journal, May 2014

Flux-mediated doping of SrTiO 3 photocatalysts for efficient overall water splitting journal, January 2016

Highly Efficient Water Splitting into H 2 and O 2 over Lanthanum-Doped NaTaO 3 Photocatalysts with High Crystallinity and Surface Nanostructure journal, March 2003

Solid Solution of GaN and ZnO as a Stable Photocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting under Visible Light † journal, February 2010

Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g-C 3 N 4 )-Based Photocatalysts for Artificial Photosynthesis and Environmental Remediation: Are We a Step Closer To Achieving Sustainability? journal, May 2016

Current Mechanistic Understanding of Surface Reactions over Water-Splitting Photocatalysts journal, February 2018

Photoelectrochemistry of cadmium sulfide. 1. Reanalysis of photocorrosion and flat-band potential journal, June 1988

Photooxidation and Photobleaching of Single CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots Probed by Room-Temperature Time-Resolved Spectroscopy journal, September 2001

Electrochemical determination of the gallium-nitride photocorrosion potential in acidic media journal, January 2017

Determination of diffusion length in photovoltaic crystalline silicon by modelisation of light beam induced current journal, April 2009

Hole diffusion length in n ‐TiO 2 single crystals and sintered electrodes: Photoelectrochemical determination and comparative analysis journal, April 1984

Photocatalytic Water Splitting: Quantitative Approaches toward Photocatalyst by Design journal, October 2017

Photoelectrochemistry and heterogeneous photo-catalysis at semiconductors journal, January 1979

Particulate Photocatalyst Sheets Based on Carbon Conductor Layer for Efficient Z-Scheme Pure-Water Splitting at Ambient Pressure journal, January 2017

Mimicking Natural Photosynthesis: Solar to Renewable H 2 Fuel Synthesis by Z-Scheme Water Splitting Systems journal, April 2018

Particulate photocatalysts for overall water splitting journal, August 2017

A critical review in strategies to improve photocatalytic water splitting towards hydrogen production journal, January 2019

Solar-to-Hydrogen Energy Conversion Based on Water Splitting journal, October 2017

Challenges and Prospects in Solar Water Splitting and CO 2 Reduction with Inorganic and Hybrid Nanostructures journal, March 2018

Role of Interfaces in Two-Dimensional Photocatalyst for Water Splitting journal, January 2018

Recent developments in heterogeneous photocatalysts for solar-driven overall water splitting journal, January 2019

Particulate Photocatalysts for Water Splitting: Recent Advances and Future Prospects journal, January 2019

Semiconductor-based Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation journal, November 2010

A visible light responsive rhodium and antimony-codoped SrTiO 3 powdered photocatalyst loaded with an IrO 2 cocatalyst for solar water splitting journal, January 2014

A Complex Perovskite-Type Oxynitride: The First Photocatalyst for Water Splitting Operable at up to 600 nm journal, January 2015

GaN:ZnO Solid Solution as a Photocatalyst for Visible-Light-Driven Overall Water Splitting journal, June 2005

Semiconductor Composites: Strategies for Enhancing Charge Carrier Separation to Improve Photocatalytic Activity journal, December 2013

Visible-light driven heterojunction photocatalysts for water splitting – a critical review journal, January 2015

Surface Strategies for Particulate Photocatalysts toward Artificial Photosynthesis journal, November 2018

Effect of post-calcination on photocatalytic activity of (Ga1−xZnx)(N1−xOx) solid solution for overall water splitting under visible light journal, March 2008

Obstacles of solar-powered photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen production: A perspective from energy flow and mass flow journal, April 2019

Photocatalytic decomposition of water vapour on an NiO–SrTiO 3 catalyst journal, January 1980

Metal Phosphides as Co-Catalysts for Photocatalytic and Photoelectrocatalytic Water Splitting journal, November 2017

MoS 2 as a co-catalyst for photocatalytic hydrogen production from water journal, October 2016

Molecular Catalysts Immobilized on Semiconductor Photosensitizers for Proton Reduction toward Visible‐Light‐Driven Overall Water Splitting journal, November 2018

Visible-light-driven hydrogen production with extremely high quantum efficiency on Pt–PdS/CdS photocatalyst journal, September 2009

Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting Promoted by Two Different Cocatalysts for Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution under Visible Light journal, April 2010

Roles of Cocatalysts in Photocatalysis and Photoelectrocatalysis journal, March 2013

Toward a mechanistic understanding of plasmon-mediated photocatalysis journal, August 2018

A Review of Surface Plasmon Resonance-Enhanced Photocatalysis journal, October 2012

Role and Function of Noble-Metal/Cr-Layer Core/Shell Structure Cocatalysts for Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting Studied by Model Electrodes journal, May 2009

An Oxygen-Insensitive Hydrogen Evolution Catalyst Coated by a Molybdenum-Based Layer for Overall Water Splitting journal, April 2017

Noble metal-free hydrogen evolution catalysts for water splitting journal, January 2015

Metal-free carbonaceous electrocatalysts and photocatalysts for water splitting journal, January 2016

Metal-free efficient photocatalyst for stable visible water splitting via a two-electron pathway journal, February 2015

Mechanisms of Nucleation and Growth of Nanoparticles in Solution journal, July 2014

Pathways to electrochemical solar-hydrogen technologies
journal, January 2018

Cleaning the Air and Improving Health with Hydrogen Fuel-Cell Vehicles
journal, June 2005

Opportunities and challenges for a sustainable energy future
journal, August 2012

Solar Energy Supply and Storage for the Legacy and Nonlegacy Worlds
journal, November 2010

The Hydrogen Issue
journal, December 2010

Life-cycle net energy assessment of large-scale hydrogen production via photoelectrochemical water splitting
journal, January 2014

Experimental demonstrations of spontaneous, solar-driven photoelectrochemical water splitting
journal, January 2015

Toward practical solar hydrogen production – an artificial photosynthetic leaf-to-farm challenge
journal, January 2019

Toward Practical Solar Hydrogen Production
journal, March 2018

Monolithic cells for solar fuels
journal, January 2014

Development of Sunlight Driven Water Splitting Devices towards Future Artificial Photosynthetic Industry
journal, August 2018

Fermentative and Photochemical Production of Hydrogen in Algae
journal, November 1942

Electrochemical Photolysis of Water at a Semiconductor Electrode
journal, July 1972

Photolysis of Water and Photoreduction of Nitrogen on Titanium Dioxide
journal, October 1977

Energetic Efficiency of Hydrogen Photoevolution by Algal Water Splitting
journal, August 1988

High-Efficiency Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production Using Multijunction Amorphous Silicon Photoelectrodes
journal, January 1998

A new type of water splitting system composed of two different TiO2 photocatalysts (anatase, rutile) and a IO3−/I− shuttle redox mediator
journal, August 2001

Photocatalytic hydrogen production under direct solar light in a CPC based solar reactor: Reactor design and preliminary results
journal, December 2009

High-Flux Solar-Driven Thermochemical Dissociation of CO2 and H2O Using Nonstoichiometric Ceria
journal, December 2010

A 24.4% solar to hydrogen energy conversion efficiency by combining concentrator photovoltaic modules and electrochemical cells
journal, September 2015

Renewable fuels from concentrated solar power: towards practical artificial photosynthesis
journal, January 2015

Demonstration of the Entire Production Chain to Renewable Kerosene via Solar Thermochemical Splitting of H ₂ O and CO ₂
journal, April 2015

Upscaling of integrated photoelectrochemical water-splitting devices to large areas
journal, September 2016

Solar water splitting by photovoltaic-electrolysis with a solar-to-hydrogen efficiency over 30%
journal, October 2016

Hydrogen concentrator demonstrator module with 19.8% solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency according to the higher heating value
journal, October 2017

Direct solar photocatalytic hydrogen generation with CPC photoreactors: System development
journal, September 2017

Sequential dark and photo fermentation hydrogen production from hydrolyzed corn stover: A pilot test using 11 m3 reactor
journal, April 2018

A Particulate Photocatalyst Water-Splitting Panel for Large-Scale Solar Hydrogen Generation
journal, March 2018

A thermally synergistic photo-electrochemical hydrogen generator operating under concentrated solar irradiation
journal, April 2019

Limiting and realizable efficiencies of solar photolysis of water
journal, August 1985

Modeling Practical Performance Limits of Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Based on the Current State of Materials Research
journal, April 2014

Titanium Dioxide-Based Nanomaterials for Photocatalytic Fuel Generations
journal, May 2014

Flux-mediated doping of SrTiO ₃ photocatalysts for efficient overall water splitting
journal, January 2016

Highly Efficient Water Splitting into H ₂ and O ₂ over Lanthanum-Doped NaTaO ₃ Photocatalysts with High Crystallinity and Surface Nanostructure
journal, March 2003

Solid Solution of GaN and ZnO as a Stable Photocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting under Visible Light ^†
journal, February 2010

Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g-C ₃ N ₄ )-Based Photocatalysts for Artificial Photosynthesis and Environmental Remediation: Are We a Step Closer To Achieving Sustainability?
journal, May 2016

Current Mechanistic Understanding of Surface Reactions over Water-Splitting Photocatalysts
journal, February 2018

Photoelectrochemistry of cadmium sulfide. 1. Reanalysis of photocorrosion and flat-band potential
journal, June 1988

Photooxidation and Photobleaching of Single CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots Probed by Room-Temperature Time-Resolved Spectroscopy
journal, September 2001

Electrochemical determination of the gallium-nitride photocorrosion potential in acidic media
journal, January 2017

Determination of diffusion length in photovoltaic crystalline silicon by modelisation of light beam induced current
journal, April 2009

Hole diffusion length in n ‐TiO ₂ single crystals and sintered electrodes: Photoelectrochemical determination and comparative analysis
journal, April 1984

Photocatalytic Water Splitting: Quantitative Approaches toward Photocatalyst by Design
journal, October 2017

Photoelectrochemistry and heterogeneous photo-catalysis at semiconductors
journal, January 1979

Particulate Photocatalyst Sheets Based on Carbon Conductor Layer for Efficient Z-Scheme Pure-Water Splitting at Ambient Pressure
journal, January 2017

Mimicking Natural Photosynthesis: Solar to Renewable H ₂ Fuel Synthesis by Z-Scheme Water Splitting Systems
journal, April 2018

Particulate photocatalysts for overall water splitting
journal, August 2017

A critical review in strategies to improve photocatalytic water splitting towards hydrogen production
journal, January 2019

Solar-to-Hydrogen Energy Conversion Based on Water Splitting
journal, October 2017

Challenges and Prospects in Solar Water Splitting and CO ₂ Reduction with Inorganic and Hybrid Nanostructures
journal, March 2018

Role of Interfaces in Two-Dimensional Photocatalyst for Water Splitting
journal, January 2018

Recent developments in heterogeneous photocatalysts for solar-driven overall water splitting
journal, January 2019

Particulate Photocatalysts for Water Splitting: Recent Advances and Future Prospects
journal, January 2019

Semiconductor-based Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation
journal, November 2010

A visible light responsive rhodium and antimony-codoped SrTiO ₃ powdered photocatalyst loaded with an IrO ₂ cocatalyst for solar water splitting
journal, January 2014

A Complex Perovskite-Type Oxynitride: The First Photocatalyst for Water Splitting Operable at up to 600 nm
journal, January 2015

GaN:ZnO Solid Solution as a Photocatalyst for Visible-Light-Driven Overall Water Splitting
journal, June 2005

Semiconductor Composites: Strategies for Enhancing Charge Carrier Separation to Improve Photocatalytic Activity
journal, December 2013

Visible-light driven heterojunction photocatalysts for water splitting – a critical review
journal, January 2015

Surface Strategies for Particulate Photocatalysts toward Artificial Photosynthesis
journal, November 2018

Effect of post-calcination on photocatalytic activity of (Ga1−xZnx)(N1−xOx) solid solution for overall water splitting under visible light
journal, March 2008

Obstacles of solar-powered photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen production: A perspective from energy flow and mass flow
journal, April 2019

Photocatalytic decomposition of water vapour on an NiO–SrTiO ₃ catalyst
journal, January 1980

Metal Phosphides as Co-Catalysts for Photocatalytic and Photoelectrocatalytic Water Splitting
journal, November 2017

MoS ₂ as a co-catalyst for photocatalytic hydrogen production from water
journal, October 2016

Molecular Catalysts Immobilized on Semiconductor Photosensitizers for Proton Reduction toward Visible‐Light‐Driven Overall Water Splitting
journal, November 2018

Visible-light-driven hydrogen production with extremely high quantum efficiency on Pt–PdS/CdS photocatalyst
journal, September 2009

Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting Promoted by Two Different Cocatalysts for Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution under Visible Light
journal, April 2010

Roles of Cocatalysts in Photocatalysis and Photoelectrocatalysis
journal, March 2013

Toward a mechanistic understanding of plasmon-mediated photocatalysis
journal, August 2018

A Review of Surface Plasmon Resonance-Enhanced Photocatalysis
journal, October 2012

Role and Function of Noble-Metal/Cr-Layer Core/Shell Structure Cocatalysts for Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting Studied by Model Electrodes
journal, May 2009

An Oxygen-Insensitive Hydrogen Evolution Catalyst Coated by a Molybdenum-Based Layer for Overall Water Splitting
journal, April 2017

Noble metal-free hydrogen evolution catalysts for water splitting
journal, January 2015

Metal-free carbonaceous electrocatalysts and photocatalysts for water splitting
journal, January 2016

Metal-free efficient photocatalyst for stable visible water splitting via a two-electron pathway
journal, February 2015

Mechanisms of Nucleation and Growth of Nanoparticles in Solution
journal, July 2014

Kilogram-scale production of highly active chalcogenide photocatalyst for solar hydrogen generation
journal, July 2018

Twins in Cd1−xZnxS solid solution: Highly efficient photocatalyst for hydrogen generation from water
journal, January 2011

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Colloidal Inorganic Nanocrystals
journal, November 2011