Structure and Chemical State of Cesium on Well-Defined Cu(111) and Cu2O/Cu(111) Surfaces

Hamlyn, Rebecca C. E.; Mahapatra, Mausumi; Orozco, Ivan; Waluyo, Iradwikanari; Hunt, Adrian; Rodriguez, José A.; White, Michael G.; Senanayake, Sanjaya D.

doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b10608

Title: Structure and Chemical State of Cesium on Well-Defined Cu(111) and Cu₂O/Cu(111) Surfaces

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Abstract

The deposition of cesium (Cs) onto the metallic and oxidized surfaces of Cu(111) was investigated using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and density functional theory calculations (DFT) to elucidate the properties of alkali metals when supported on metal and oxide surfaces. At low coverages, cesium adopts partially cationic (Cs^δ+), highly mobile, and likely atomic structures on the metal surface of Cu(111). Such structures are not observable at room temperature using STM due to rapid surface mobility but can be quantified using XPS. This is further verified by DFT calculations which show that Cs adsorption on Cu(111) is site insensitive, where atop, bridge, and hollow sites yield identical adsorption energy. Reaction with O₂ (1 × 10^–7 Torr) at room temperature of the Cs/Cu(111) surface results in both CsO_x and Cu_xO formation, initially from the Cs sites and Cu step edges and then subsequently encompassing the terraces. Here, the presence of Cs promotes the oxidation process by O₂, and we have identified the oxidized Cs^δ+ and Cu¹⁺ using XPS. In contrast to the metallic substrate, the deposition of Cs onto the preoxidized surface of Cu₂O/Cu(111) allows for the anchoring of the oxidized Cs^δ+ nanostructures (few nm) which appear indiscriminatelymore »« less

Authors:

^[1];

^[2]; Orozco, Ivan ^[1];

^[2]; Hunt, Adrian ^[2];

^[3];

^[2]

Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States)
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States); Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Publication Date:: Thu Jan 09 00:00:00 EST 2020

Research Org.:: Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

OSTI Identifier:: 1603294

Report Number(s):: BNL-213693-2020-JAAM
Journal ID: ISSN 1932-7447

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012704

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Journal of Physical Chemistry. C

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 124; Journal Issue: 5; Journal ID: ISSN 1932-7447

Publisher:: American Chemical Society

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; Cesium; Cu(111); Cu2O; STM; XPS

Citation Formats


                    Hamlyn, Rebecca C. E., Mahapatra, Mausumi, Orozco, Ivan, Waluyo, Iradwikanari, Hunt, Adrian, Rodriguez, José A., White, Michael G., and Senanayake, Sanjaya D. Structure and Chemical State of Cesium on Well-Defined Cu(111) and Cu2O/Cu(111) Surfaces.  United States: N. p., 2020. 
Web.  doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b10608.

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                    Hamlyn, Rebecca C. E., Mahapatra, Mausumi, Orozco, Ivan, Waluyo, Iradwikanari, Hunt, Adrian, Rodriguez, José A., White, Michael G., & Senanayake, Sanjaya D. Structure and Chemical State of Cesium on Well-Defined Cu(111) and Cu2O/Cu(111) Surfaces.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b10608

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                    Hamlyn, Rebecca C. E., Mahapatra, Mausumi, Orozco, Ivan, Waluyo, Iradwikanari, Hunt, Adrian, Rodriguez, José A., White, Michael G., and Senanayake, Sanjaya D. Thu .  
"Structure and Chemical State of Cesium on Well-Defined Cu(111) and Cu2O/Cu(111) Surfaces".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b10608.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1603294.

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@article{osti_1603294,

  title        = {Structure and Chemical State of Cesium on Well-Defined Cu(111) and Cu2O/Cu(111) Surfaces},

  author       = {Hamlyn, Rebecca C. E. and Mahapatra, Mausumi and Orozco, Ivan and Waluyo, Iradwikanari and Hunt, Adrian and Rodriguez, José A. and White, Michael G. and Senanayake, Sanjaya D.},

  abstractNote = {The deposition of cesium (Cs) onto the metallic and oxidized surfaces of Cu(111) was investigated using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and density functional theory calculations (DFT) to elucidate the properties of alkali metals when supported on metal and oxide surfaces. At low coverages, cesium adopts partially cationic (Csδ+), highly mobile, and likely atomic structures on the metal surface of Cu(111). Such structures are not observable at room temperature using STM due to rapid surface mobility but can be quantified using XPS. This is further verified by DFT calculations which show that Cs adsorption on Cu(111) is site insensitive, where atop, bridge, and hollow sites yield identical adsorption energy. Reaction with O2 (1 × 10–7 Torr) at room temperature of the Cs/Cu(111) surface results in both CsOx and CuxO formation, initially from the Cs sites and Cu step edges and then subsequently encompassing the terraces. Here, the presence of Cs promotes the oxidation process by O2, and we have identified the oxidized Csδ+ and Cu1+ using XPS. In contrast to the metallic substrate, the deposition of Cs onto the preoxidized surface of Cu2O/Cu(111) allows for the anchoring of the oxidized Csδ+ nanostructures (few nm) which appear indiscriminately on the oxide surface with high dispersion and low mobility. While clearly distinguishable using STM, we have revealed a rich geometric heterogeneity of the nanostructures of Cs on Cu2O/Cu(111), likely templated through a strong interaction between the Cs and the Cu2O substrate. In addition, it is also evident that Cs imparts a destabilizing effect on the ordered oxide substrate, as observed through the increase of surface defects. Finally, the thermal stability of the Cs structures was studied, using sequential annealing steps revealing that Cs remained stable up to 550 K with some loss of both cesium and oxygen at higher temperatures of 650 K. DFT calculations show that unlike Cu(111), the adsorption energy of Cs on CuxO/Cu(111) is highly dependent on adsorption site, and electronic effects enabled through the interaction between Cs, O, and Cu.},

  doi          = {10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b10608},

  journal      = {Journal of Physical Chemistry. C},

  number       = 5,

  volume       = 124,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Thu Jan 09 00:00:00 EST 2020},

  month        = {Thu Jan 09 00:00:00 EST 2020}

}

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Title: Structure and Chemical State of Cesium on Well-Defined Cu(111) and Cu2O/Cu(111) Surfaces

Abstract

Citation Formats

Title: Structure and Chemical State of Cesium on Well-Defined Cu(111) and Cu₂O/Cu(111) Surfaces