Optically anisotropic porous silicon microlenses with tunable refractive indexes and birefringence profiles

Ocier, Christian R.; Richards, Corey A.; Bacon-Brown, Daniel A.; Krueger, Neil A.; Clawson, Matthew K.; Soares, Julio A. N. T.; Braun, Paul V.

doi:10.1364/OME.385013

Title: Optically anisotropic porous silicon microlenses with tunable refractive indexes and birefringence profiles

Abstract

The effect of spatially varying birefringence on the focusing behavior of porous silicon (PSi) and porous silicon dioxide (PSiO₂) gradient refractive index (GRIN) lenses is investigated. Both materials attain broad, tunable refractive indexes and birefringence profiles, with PSi having a maximum birefringence of ~0.26 and PSiO₂ a reduced maximum birefringence of ~0.03 at 633 nm. These GRIN lenses exhibit polarization-dependent split focusing behavior, wherein the divergence angle between the twin foci increases with the birefringence gradient. PSi’s large birefringence allows the divergence angle to be tuned such that light focuses away from the center of the lens. These GRIN elements demonstrate how tunable birefringent materials can be used to engineer polarization-selective optical responses.

Authors:

Ocier, Christian R.; Richards, Corey A.;

; Krueger, Neil A.; Clawson, Matthew K.; Soares, Julio A. N. T.;

Publication Date:: Tue Mar 03 00:00:00 EST 2020

Research Org.:: Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Photonics at Thermodynamic Limits (PTL); California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States); Stanford Univ., CA (United States); Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Light-Material Interactions in Energy Conversion (LMI-EFRC)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

OSTI Identifier:: 1602879

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1767775

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0001293; SC0019140

Resource Type:: Published Article

Journal Name:: Optical Materials Express

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Optical Materials Express Journal Volume: 10 Journal Issue: 4; Journal ID: ISSN 2159-3930

Publisher:: Optical Society of America (OSA)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; optics; phonons; thermal conductivity; charge transport; materials and chemistry by design; mesostructured materials; synthesis (novel materials)

Citation Formats


                    Ocier, Christian R., Richards, Corey A., Bacon-Brown, Daniel A., Krueger, Neil A., Clawson, Matthew K., Soares, Julio A. N. T., and Braun, Paul V. Optically anisotropic porous silicon microlenses with tunable refractive indexes and birefringence profiles.  United States: N. p., 2020. 
Web.  doi:10.1364/OME.385013.

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                    Ocier, Christian R., Richards, Corey A., Bacon-Brown, Daniel A., Krueger, Neil A., Clawson, Matthew K., Soares, Julio A. N. T., & Braun, Paul V. Optically anisotropic porous silicon microlenses with tunable refractive indexes and birefringence profiles.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1364/OME.385013

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                    Ocier, Christian R., Richards, Corey A., Bacon-Brown, Daniel A., Krueger, Neil A., Clawson, Matthew K., Soares, Julio A. N. T., and Braun, Paul V. Tue .  
"Optically anisotropic porous silicon microlenses with tunable refractive indexes and birefringence profiles".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1364/OME.385013.

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@article{osti_1602879,

  title        = {Optically anisotropic porous silicon microlenses with tunable refractive indexes and birefringence profiles},

  author       = {Ocier, Christian R. and Richards, Corey A. and Bacon-Brown, Daniel A. and Krueger, Neil A. and Clawson, Matthew K. and Soares, Julio A. N. T. and Braun, Paul V.},

  abstractNote = {The effect of spatially varying birefringence on the focusing behavior of porous silicon (PSi) and porous silicon dioxide (PSiO2) gradient refractive index (GRIN) lenses is investigated. Both materials attain broad, tunable refractive indexes and birefringence profiles, with PSi having a maximum birefringence of ~0.26 and PSiO2 a reduced maximum birefringence of ~0.03 at 633 nm. These GRIN lenses exhibit polarization-dependent split focusing behavior, wherein the divergence angle between the twin foci increases with the birefringence gradient. PSi’s large birefringence allows the divergence angle to be tuned such that light focuses away from the center of the lens. These GRIN elements demonstrate how tunable birefringent materials can be used to engineer polarization-selective optical responses.},

  doi          = {10.1364/OME.385013},

  journal      = {Optical Materials Express},

  number       = 4,

  volume       = 10,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Tue Mar 03 00:00:00 EST 2020},

  month        = {Tue Mar 03 00:00:00 EST 2020}

}

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Title: Optically anisotropic porous silicon microlenses with tunable refractive indexes and birefringence profiles

Abstract

Citation Formats

Giant optical anisotropy in a quasi-one-dimensional crystal journal, June 2018

Resonant Mode Engineering of Photonic Crystal Sensors Clad with Ultralow Refractive Index Porous Silicon Dioxide journal, September 2017

Infrared hyperspectral imaging polarimeter using birefringent prisms journal, January 2011

Metasurfaces and their applications journal, June 2018

Optical Metasurfaces and Prospect of Their Applications Including Fiber Optics journal, June 2015

Structural Anisotropy and Birefringence in Microporous Glasses journal, September 1978

Growth and spectrum of a novel birefringent α-BaB2O4 crystal journal, July 1998

Observation of a large optical birefringence effect in a (110) oriented porous silicon layer journal, February 2014

Gradient refractive index planar microlens in Si using porous silicon journal, November 2006

Stress in oxidized porous silicon layers journal, January 1986

Birefringence imaging of human skin by polarization-sensitive spectral interferometric optical coherence tomography journal, January 2002

Thermal oxidation of free-standing porous silicon films journal, February 1997

Polarization eigenstates for twisted-nematic liquid-crystal displays journal, January 1998

Negative-index bianisotropic photonic metamaterial fabricated by direct laser writing and silver shadow evaporation journal, December 2008

Dispersion-equation coefficients for the refractive index and birefringence of calcite and quartz crystals journal, May 1999

Compact complete imaging polarimeter using birefringent wedge prisms journal, January 2003

Dichroic Bragg reflectors based on birefringent porous silicon journal, June 2001

Giant birefringence in optical antenna arrays with widely tailorable optical anisotropy journal, July 2012

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High birefringence bistolane liquid crystals: synthesis and properties journal, January 2016

Programmable birefringent lenses with a liquid-crystal display journal, January 2004

Polarization sensitive elements fabricated by femtosecond laser nanostructuring of glass [Invited] journal, January 2011

Synthesis and properties of some novel high birefringence phenylacetylene liquid crystal materials with lateral substituents journal, September 2001

Birefringence of porous silicon journal, July 2000

High birefringence of the yttrium vanadate crystal in the middle wavelength infrared journal, January 2006

Birefringent reconfigurable metasurface at visible wavelengths by MEMS nanograting journal, October 2018

Multiple Imagery with Birefringent Lenses journal, January 1969

Berechnung verschiedener physikalischer Konstanten von heterogenen Substanzen. I. Dielektrizitätskonstanten und Leitfähigkeiten der Mischkörper aus isotropen Substanzen journal, January 1935

Effective medium models for the optical properties of inhomogeneous materials journal, January 1981

Thermal oxidation of porous silicon: Study on structure journal, January 2005

Birefringence dispersions of liquid crystals journal, February 1986

Birefringence of nanoporous alumina: dependence on structure parameters journal, May 2006

Form birefringence in porous semiconductors and dielectrics: A review journal, July 2007

Biosensing Using Porous Silicon Double-Layer Interferometers: Reflective Interferometric Fourier Transform Spectroscopy journal, August 2005

Liquid-crystal adaptive lenses with modal control journal, January 1998

Porous Silicon Gradient Refractive Index Micro-Optics journal, November 2016

Depth-extended integral imaging system based on a birefringence lens array providing polarization switchable focal lengths journal, January 2009

Form birefringence of oxidized porous silicon journal, June 2006

Giant Birefringent Optics in Multilayer Polymer Mirrors journal, March 2000

Anisotropy of optical absorption in birefringent porous silicon journal, March 2003

Birefringent porous silicon membranes for optical sensing journal, January 2011

Tunable Visibly Transparent Optics Derived from Porous Silicon journal, March 2017

Giant optical anisotropy in a quasi-one-dimensional crystal
journal, June 2018

Resonant Mode Engineering of Photonic Crystal Sensors Clad with Ultralow Refractive Index Porous Silicon Dioxide
journal, September 2017

Infrared hyperspectral imaging polarimeter using birefringent prisms
journal, January 2011

Metasurfaces and their applications
journal, June 2018

Optical Metasurfaces and Prospect of Their Applications Including Fiber Optics
journal, June 2015

Structural Anisotropy and Birefringence in Microporous Glasses
journal, September 1978

Growth and spectrum of a novel birefringent α-BaB2O4 crystal
journal, July 1998

Observation of a large optical birefringence effect in a (110) oriented porous silicon layer
journal, February 2014

Gradient refractive index planar microlens in Si using porous silicon
journal, November 2006

Stress in oxidized porous silicon layers
journal, January 1986

Birefringence imaging of human skin by polarization-sensitive spectral interferometric optical coherence tomography
journal, January 2002

Thermal oxidation of free-standing porous silicon films
journal, February 1997

Polarization eigenstates for twisted-nematic liquid-crystal displays
journal, January 1998

Negative-index bianisotropic photonic metamaterial fabricated by direct laser writing and silver shadow evaporation
journal, December 2008

Dispersion-equation coefficients for the refractive index and birefringence of calcite and quartz crystals
journal, May 1999

Compact complete imaging polarimeter using birefringent wedge prisms
journal, January 2003

Dichroic Bragg reflectors based on birefringent porous silicon
journal, June 2001

Giant birefringence in optical antenna arrays with widely tailorable optical anisotropy
journal, July 2012

Giant birefringence in multi-slotted silicon nanophotonic waveguides
journal, January 2008

High birefringence bistolane liquid crystals: synthesis and properties
journal, January 2016

Programmable birefringent lenses with a liquid-crystal display
journal, January 2004

Polarization sensitive elements fabricated by femtosecond laser nanostructuring of glass [Invited]
journal, January 2011

Synthesis and properties of some novel high birefringence phenylacetylene liquid crystal materials with lateral substituents
journal, September 2001

Birefringence of porous silicon
journal, July 2000

High birefringence of the yttrium vanadate crystal in the middle wavelength infrared
journal, January 2006

Birefringent reconfigurable metasurface at visible wavelengths by MEMS nanograting
journal, October 2018

Multiple Imagery with Birefringent Lenses
journal, January 1969

Berechnung verschiedener physikalischer Konstanten von heterogenen Substanzen. I. Dielektrizitätskonstanten und Leitfähigkeiten der Mischkörper aus isotropen Substanzen
journal, January 1935

Effective medium models for the optical properties of inhomogeneous materials
journal, January 1981

Thermal oxidation of porous silicon: Study on structure
journal, January 2005

Birefringence dispersions of liquid crystals
journal, February 1986

Birefringence of nanoporous alumina: dependence on structure parameters
journal, May 2006

Form birefringence in porous semiconductors and dielectrics: A review
journal, July 2007

Biosensing Using Porous Silicon Double-Layer Interferometers: Reflective Interferometric Fourier Transform Spectroscopy
journal, August 2005

Liquid-crystal adaptive lenses with modal control
journal, January 1998

Porous Silicon Gradient Refractive Index Micro-Optics
journal, November 2016

Depth-extended integral imaging system based on a birefringence lens array providing polarization switchable focal lengths
journal, January 2009

Form birefringence of oxidized porous silicon
journal, June 2006

Giant Birefringent Optics in Multilayer Polymer Mirrors
journal, March 2000

Anisotropy of optical absorption in birefringent porous silicon
journal, March 2003

Birefringent porous silicon membranes for optical sensing
journal, January 2011

Tunable Visibly Transparent Optics Derived from Porous Silicon
journal, March 2017