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Title: Seismic tomography of compressional wave velocity and attenuation structure for Makushin Volcano, Alaska

Abstract

Located in the central portion of the Alaska-Aleutian subduction zone, Makushin Volcano is among the most active volcanoes in the United States and has been classified as a very high threat by the National Volcano Early Warning System based on its eruptive history and proximity to the City of Unalaska and international air routes. In 2015, five standalone seismic stations and three mini seismic arrays of 15 stations each were deployed on Unalaska Island to supplement the Alaska Volcano Observatory permanent seismic network. This temporary array was operational for one year. Taking advantage of the increased azimuthal coverage and the array's increased earthquake detection capability, we developed body-wave Vp and Vp/Vs seismic images of the velocity structure beneath the volcano. Our results show a complex structure with the upper 4 km of the crust. The shallow high-Vp features possibly delineate remnant magma pathways or conduits. Low-Vp regions are found east of the caldera at approximately 4–8 km depth. This is in agreement with previous seismic tomographic work and InSAR-based geodetic models, which had identified this region as a possible long-term source of magma. A three-dimensional compressional wave attenuation model complemented the velocity models. In general, we observe regions of correspondingmore » low P-wave velocity and high attenuation east of the summit caldera between 5 and 7 km depth, supporting the presence of a melt-rich zone. The absolute Vp values (5.5–6.0 km/s) in this region are consistent with the presence of a magma body with a mafic signature. Here, we suggest that a triggering mechanism that involves mafic injections into a more evolved shallow magma chamber is representative of the current magmatic system below the volcano, similarly to what petrological studies have inferred for past eruptions.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [1]; ORCiD logo [2];  [3];  [4]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)
  2. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
  3. Alaska Volcano Observatory, Anchorage, AK (United States)
  4. Univ. of California, Riverside, CA (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
National Science Foundation (NSF)
OSTI Identifier:
1601416
Report Number(s):
LA-UR-19-29374
Journal ID: ISSN 0377-0273
Grant/Contract Number:  
89233218CNA000001; EAR-1358619; EAR-1358686
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 393; Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 0377-0273
Publisher:
Elsevier
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
58 GEOSCIENCES; Earth Sciences; Makushin Volcano; Body-wave travel-time tomography; P-wave attenuation tomography

Citation Formats

Lanza, Federica, Thurber, Clifford H., Syracuse, Ellen Marie, Power, John A., and Ghosh, Abhijit. Seismic tomography of compressional wave velocity and attenuation structure for Makushin Volcano, Alaska. United States: N. p., 2020. Web. doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2020.106804.
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Lanza, Federica, Thurber, Clifford H., Syracuse, Ellen Marie, Power, John A., & Ghosh, Abhijit. Seismic tomography of compressional wave velocity and attenuation structure for Makushin Volcano, Alaska. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2020.106804
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Lanza, Federica, Thurber, Clifford H., Syracuse, Ellen Marie, Power, John A., and Ghosh, Abhijit. Mon . "Seismic tomography of compressional wave velocity and attenuation structure for Makushin Volcano, Alaska". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2020.106804. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1601416.
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@article{osti_1601416,
title = {Seismic tomography of compressional wave velocity and attenuation structure for Makushin Volcano, Alaska},
author = {Lanza, Federica and Thurber, Clifford H. and Syracuse, Ellen Marie and Power, John A. and Ghosh, Abhijit},
abstractNote = {Located in the central portion of the Alaska-Aleutian subduction zone, Makushin Volcano is among the most active volcanoes in the United States and has been classified as a very high threat by the National Volcano Early Warning System based on its eruptive history and proximity to the City of Unalaska and international air routes. In 2015, five standalone seismic stations and three mini seismic arrays of 15 stations each were deployed on Unalaska Island to supplement the Alaska Volcano Observatory permanent seismic network. This temporary array was operational for one year. Taking advantage of the increased azimuthal coverage and the array's increased earthquake detection capability, we developed body-wave Vp and Vp/Vs seismic images of the velocity structure beneath the volcano. Our results show a complex structure with the upper 4 km of the crust. The shallow high-Vp features possibly delineate remnant magma pathways or conduits. Low-Vp regions are found east of the caldera at approximately 4–8 km depth. This is in agreement with previous seismic tomographic work and InSAR-based geodetic models, which had identified this region as a possible long-term source of magma. A three-dimensional compressional wave attenuation model complemented the velocity models. In general, we observe regions of corresponding low P-wave velocity and high attenuation east of the summit caldera between 5 and 7 km depth, supporting the presence of a melt-rich zone. The absolute Vp values (5.5–6.0 km/s) in this region are consistent with the presence of a magma body with a mafic signature. Here, we suggest that a triggering mechanism that involves mafic injections into a more evolved shallow magma chamber is representative of the current magmatic system below the volcano, similarly to what petrological studies have inferred for past eruptions.},
doi = {10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2020.106804},
journal = {Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research},
number = C,
volume = 393,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Feb 03 00:00:00 EST 2020},
month = {Mon Feb 03 00:00:00 EST 2020}
}
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2020.106804
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