Is the magnitude of the Peccei–Quinn scale set by the landscape?

Baer, Howard; Barger, Vernon; Sengupta, Dibyashree; Serce, Hasan; Sinha, Kuver; Deal, Robert Wiley

doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-7408-x

Title: Is the magnitude of the Peccei–Quinn scale set by the landscape?

Abstract

Rather general considerations of the string theory landscape imply a mild statistical draw towards large soft SUSY breaking terms tempered by the requirement of proper electroweak symmetry breaking where SUSY contributions to the weak scale are not too far from m_weak~ 100 GeV. Such a picture leads to the prediction that m_h~ 125 GeV while most sparticles are beyond current LHC reach. Here we explore the possibility that the magnitude of the Peccei-Quinn (PQ) scale f_a is also set by string landscape considerations within the framework of a compelling SUSY axion model. First, we examine the case where the PQ symmetry arises as an accidental approximate global symmetry from a more fundamental gravity-safe Z$$R\atop{24}$$ symmetry and where the SUSY mu parameter arises from a Kim-Nilles operator. The pull towards large soft terms then also pulls the PQ scale as large as possible. Unless this is tempered by rather severe (unknown) cosmological or anthropic bounds on the density of dark matter, then we would expect a far greater abundance of dark matter than is observed. This conclusion cannot be negated by adopting a tiny axion misalignment angle θ_i because WIMPs are also overproduced at large f_a. Hence, we conclude that setting the PQ scale via anthropics is highly unlikely. Instead, requiring soft SUSY breaking terms of order the gravity-mediation scale m_3/2~ 10_-100 TeV places the mixed axion-neutralino dark matter abundance into the intermediate scale sweet zone where f_a~ 10¹¹-10¹² GeV. We compare our analysis to the more general case of a generic SUSY DFSZ axion model with uniform selection on theta_i but leading to the measured dark matter abundance: this approach leads to a preference for f_a~ 10¹² GeV.

Authors:

^[1]; Barger, Vernon ^[2]; Sengupta, Dibyashree ^[1]; Serce, Hasan ^[2]; Sinha, Kuver ^[1]; Deal, Robert Wiley ^[1]

Univ. of Oklahoma, Norman, OK (United States)
Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)

Publication Date:: 2019-11-07

Research Org.:: Univ. of Oklahoma, Norman, OK (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)

OSTI Identifier:: 1600540

Report Number(s):: arXiv:1905.00443
Journal ID: ISSN 1434-6044; arXiv:1905.00443

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0009956

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: European Physical Journal. C, Particles and Fields

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 79; Journal Issue: 11; Journal ID: ISSN 1434-6044

Publisher:: Springer

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS; supersymmetry; axions; dark matter

Citation Formats


                    Baer, Howard, Barger, Vernon, Sengupta, Dibyashree, Serce, Hasan, Sinha, Kuver, and Deal, Robert Wiley. Is the magnitude of the Peccei–Quinn scale set by the landscape?.  United States: N. p., 2019. 
        Web.  doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-7408-x.

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                    Baer, Howard, Barger, Vernon, Sengupta, Dibyashree, Serce, Hasan, Sinha, Kuver, & Deal, Robert Wiley. Is the magnitude of the Peccei–Quinn scale set by the landscape?.  United States.  doi:https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-7408-x

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                    Baer, Howard, Barger, Vernon, Sengupta, Dibyashree, Serce, Hasan, Sinha, Kuver, and Deal, Robert Wiley. Thu .  
        "Is the magnitude of the Peccei–Quinn scale set by the landscape?".  United States.  doi:https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-7408-x.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1600540.

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@article{osti_1600540,

  title        = {Is the magnitude of the Peccei–Quinn scale set by the landscape?},

  author       = {Baer, Howard and Barger, Vernon and Sengupta, Dibyashree and Serce, Hasan and Sinha, Kuver and Deal, Robert Wiley},

  abstractNote = {Rather general considerations of the string theory landscape imply a mild statistical draw towards large soft SUSY breaking terms tempered by the requirement of proper electroweak symmetry breaking where SUSY contributions to the weak scale are not too far from mweak~ 100 GeV. Such a picture leads to the prediction that mh~ 125 GeV while most sparticles are beyond current LHC reach. Here we explore the possibility that the magnitude of the Peccei-Quinn (PQ) scale fa is also set by string landscape considerations within the framework of a compelling SUSY axion model. First, we examine the case where the PQ symmetry arises as an accidental approximate global symmetry from a more fundamental gravity-safe Z$R\atop{24}$$ symmetry and where the SUSY mu parameter arises from a Kim-Nilles operator. The pull towards large soft terms then also pulls the PQ scale as large as possible. Unless this is tempered by rather severe (unknown) cosmological or anthropic bounds on the density of dark matter, then we would expect a far greater abundance of dark matter than is observed. This conclusion cannot be negated by adopting a tiny axion misalignment angle θi because WIMPs are also overproduced at large fa. Hence, we conclude that setting the PQ scale via anthropics is highly unlikely. Instead, requiring soft SUSY breaking terms of order the gravity-mediation scale m3/2~ 10-100 TeV places the mixed axion-neutralino dark matter abundance into the intermediate scale sweet zone where fa~ 1011-1012 GeV. We compare our analysis to the more general case of a generic SUSY DFSZ axion model with uniform selection on theta_i but leading to the measured dark matter abundance: this approach leads to a preference for fa~ 1012 GeV.},

  doi          = {10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-7408-x},

  journal      = {European Physical Journal. C, Particles and Fields},

  number       = 11,

  volume       = 79,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2019},

  month        = {11}

}

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Ellis, John; Falk, Toby; Olive, Keith A.
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Chun, E. J.; Lukas, A.
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Kim, Jihn E.; Seo, Min-Seok
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Coupled Boltzmann calculation of mixed axion/neutralino cold dark matter production in the early universe
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Baer, Howard; Lessa, Andre; Sreethawong, Warintorn
Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2012, Issue 01
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Neutralino relic density in minimal supergravity with co-annihilations
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The μ-problem and the strong CP-problem
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Low energy supersymmetry from the landscape
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Dine, Michael; Gorbatov, Elie; Thomas, Scott
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Spread Supersymmetry
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Physical Review Letters, Vol. 113, Issue 11
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Arvanitaki, Asimina; Craig, Nathaniel; Dimopoulos, Savas
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Giudice, Gian F.; Rattazzi, Riccardo
Nuclear Physics B, Vol. 757, Issue 1-2
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Title: Is the magnitude of the Peccei–Quinn scale set by the landscape?

Abstract

Citation Formats

Dynamical breaking of supersymmetry journal, October 1981

Gauge hierarchy in a supersymmetric model journal, February 1982

The cosmological constant problem journal, January 1989

The U(1) problem journal, June 1975

Symmetry Breaking through Bell-Jackiw Anomalies journal, July 1976

Softly broken supersymmetry and SU(5) journal, December 1981

Solution of the gauge hierarchy problem journal, November 1982

Weak Scale Supersymmetry book, January 2006

Supersymmetry and the scale of unification journal, September 1981

Comparison of grand unified theories with electroweak and strong coupling constants measured at LEP journal, May 1991

Probing the desert using gauge coupling unification journal, May 1991

Implications of precision electroweak experiments for m t , ρ 0 , sin 2 θ W , and grand unification journal, August 1991

SU(2)L × U(1) symmetry breaking as a radiative effect of supersymmetry breaking in GUTs journal, April 1982

Aspects of Grand Unified Models with Softly Broken Supersymmetry journal, September 1982

Renormalization of Supersymmetry Breaking Parameters Revisited journal, February 1984

Weak interaction breakdown induced by supergravity journal, January 1983

Weak symmetry breaking by radiative corrections in broken supergravity journal, June 1983

Minimal low-energy supergravity journal, July 1983

Supersymmetric Higgs and radiative electroweak breaking journal, November 2007

Can the mass of the lightest Higgs boson of the minimal supersymmetric model be larger than m Z ? journal, April 1991

Radiative corrections to the masses of supersymmetric Higgs bosons journal, March 1991

Upper Bound of the Lightest Higgs Boson Mass in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model journal, January 1991

Precise prediction for M W in the MSSM journal, August 2006

Radiative Natural Supersymmetry with a 125 GeV Higgs Boson journal, October 2012

Radiative natural supersymmetry: Reconciling electroweak fine-tuning and the Higgs boson mass journal, June 2013

Upper bounds on sparticle masses from naturalness or how to disprove weak scale supersymmetry journal, February 2016

Reach of the high-energy LHC for gluinos and top squarks in SUSY models with light Higgsinos journal, December 2017

LHC luminosity and energy upgrades confront natural supersymmetry models journal, October 2018

How conventional measures overestimate electroweak fine-tuning in supersymmetric theory journal, November 2013

Supersymmetry, naturalness and light higgsinos journal, May 2014

SUSY models under siege: LHC constraints and electroweak fine-tuning journal, June 2014

Radiatively-driven natural supersymmetry at the LHC journal, December 2013

Multichannel assault on natural supersymmetry at the high luminosity LHC journal, August 2016

Hidden SUSY at the LHC: the light higgsino-world scenario and the role of a lepton collider journal, November 2011

Hunting quasidegenerate Higgsinos journal, April 2014

Monojet plus soft dilepton signal from light higgsino pair production at LHC14 journal, December 2014

Accessing the core of naturalness, nearly degenerate higgsinos, at the LHC journal, April 2015

The String Theory Landscape journal, September 2004

Quantization of four-form fluxes and dynamical neutralization of the cosmological constant journal, May 2000

Anthropic Bound on the Cosmological Constant journal, November 1987

The statistics of string/M theory vacua journal, May 2003

Counting Flux Vacua journal, January 2004

CP Conservation in the Presence of Pseudoparticles journal, June 1977

Constraints imposed by CP conservation in the presence of pseudoparticles journal, September 1977

A New Light Boson? journal, January 1978

Problem of Strong P and T Invariance in the Presence of Instantons journal, January 1978

A cosmological bound on the invisible axion journal, January 1983

Cosmology of the invisible axion journal, January 1983

The not-so-harmless axion journal, January 1983

Cosmic and local mass density of ‘‘invisible’’ axions journal, February 1986

Dark matter axions revisited journal, August 2009

Search for Invisible Axion Dark Matter with the Axion Dark Matter Experiment journal, April 2018

Planck-scale physics and the Peccei-Quinn mechanism journal, May 1992

Solutions to the strong-CP problem in a world with gravity journal, May 1992

Gravity and global symmetries journal, July 1995

Strong CP problem versus Planck scale physics journal, May 1997

String axiverse journal, June 2010

The QCD axion and moduli stabilisation journal, May 2006

The type IIB string axiverse and its low-energy phenomenology journal, October 2012

Global D–brane models with stabilised moduli and light axions journal, March 2014

Axions in string theory journal, June 2006

Discrete R symmetries for the MSSM and its singlet extensions journal, September 2011

Gravity safe, electroweak natural axionic solution to strong CP and SUSY μ problems journal, March 2019

Cosmological implications of radiatively generated axion scale journal, June 1997

Implications of supersymmetric models with natural R -parity conservation journal, August 1996

Dimensionless supersymmetry breaking couplings, flat directions, and the origin of intermediate mass scales journal, January 2000

Collider signals from slow decays in supersymmetric models with an intermediate-scale solution to the μ problem journal, October 2000

Inflation and axion cosmology journal, February 1988

Basic results in vacuum statistics journal, November 2004

Stabilizing all Kähler moduli in type IIB orientifolds journal, December 2010

Anthropic Considerations in Multiple-Domain Theories and the Scale of Electroweak Symmetry Breaking journal, March 1998

Viable range of the mass scale of the standard model journal, May 1998

The Higgs mass and natural supersymmetric spectrum from the landscape journal, July 2016

Higgs and superparticle mass predictions from the landscape journal, March 2018

LHC SUSY and WIMP dark matter searches confront the string theory landscape journal, April 2019

Dark matter and the anthropic principle journal, December 2005

Dimensionless constants, cosmology, and other dark matters journal, January 2006

Dynamical breaking of supersymmetry
journal, October 1981

Gauge hierarchy in a supersymmetric model
journal, February 1982

The cosmological constant problem
journal, January 1989

The U(1) problem
journal, June 1975

Symmetry Breaking through Bell-Jackiw Anomalies
journal, July 1976

Softly broken supersymmetry and SU(5)
journal, December 1981

Solution of the gauge hierarchy problem
journal, November 1982

Weak Scale Supersymmetry
book, January 2006

Supersymmetry and the scale of unification
journal, September 1981

Comparison of grand unified theories with electroweak and strong coupling constants measured at LEP
journal, May 1991

Probing the desert using gauge coupling unification
journal, May 1991

Implications of precision electroweak experiments for $m_{t}$ , $ρ_{0}$ , ${{sin}^{2} θ}_{W}$ , and grand unification
journal, August 1991

SU(2)L × U(1) symmetry breaking as a radiative effect of supersymmetry breaking in GUTs
journal, April 1982

Aspects of Grand Unified Models with Softly Broken Supersymmetry
journal, September 1982

Renormalization of Supersymmetry Breaking Parameters Revisited
journal, February 1984

Weak interaction breakdown induced by supergravity
journal, January 1983

Weak symmetry breaking by radiative corrections in broken supergravity
journal, June 1983

Minimal low-energy supergravity
journal, July 1983

Supersymmetric Higgs and radiative electroweak breaking
journal, November 2007

Can the mass of the lightest Higgs boson of the minimal supersymmetric model be larger than $m_{Z}$ ?
journal, April 1991

Radiative corrections to the masses of supersymmetric Higgs bosons
journal, March 1991

Upper Bound of the Lightest Higgs Boson Mass in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model
journal, January 1991

Precise prediction for M _W in the MSSM
journal, August 2006

Radiative Natural Supersymmetry with a 125 GeV Higgs Boson
journal, October 2012

Radiative natural supersymmetry: Reconciling electroweak fine-tuning and the Higgs boson mass
journal, June 2013

Upper bounds on sparticle masses from naturalness or how to disprove weak scale supersymmetry
journal, February 2016

Reach of the high-energy LHC for gluinos and top squarks in SUSY models with light Higgsinos
journal, December 2017

LHC luminosity and energy upgrades confront natural supersymmetry models
journal, October 2018

How conventional measures overestimate electroweak fine-tuning in supersymmetric theory
journal, November 2013

Supersymmetry, naturalness and light higgsinos
journal, May 2014

SUSY models under siege: LHC constraints and electroweak fine-tuning
journal, June 2014

Radiatively-driven natural supersymmetry at the LHC
journal, December 2013

Multichannel assault on natural supersymmetry at the high luminosity LHC
journal, August 2016

Hidden SUSY at the LHC: the light higgsino-world scenario and the role of a lepton collider
journal, November 2011

Hunting quasidegenerate Higgsinos
journal, April 2014

Monojet plus soft dilepton signal from light higgsino pair production at LHC14
journal, December 2014

Accessing the core of naturalness, nearly degenerate higgsinos, at the LHC
journal, April 2015

The String Theory Landscape
journal, September 2004

Quantization of four-form fluxes and dynamical neutralization of the cosmological constant
journal, May 2000

Anthropic Bound on the Cosmological Constant
journal, November 1987

The statistics of string/M theory vacua
journal, May 2003

Counting Flux Vacua
journal, January 2004

$CP$ Conservation in the Presence of Pseudoparticles
journal, June 1977

Constraints imposed by $CP$ conservation in the presence of pseudoparticles
journal, September 1977

A New Light Boson?
journal, January 1978

Problem of Strong $P$ and $T$ Invariance in the Presence of Instantons
journal, January 1978

A cosmological bound on the invisible axion
journal, January 1983

Cosmology of the invisible axion
journal, January 1983

The not-so-harmless axion
journal, January 1983

Cosmic and local mass density of ‘‘invisible’’ axions
journal, February 1986

Dark matter axions revisited
journal, August 2009

Search for Invisible Axion Dark Matter with the Axion Dark Matter Experiment
journal, April 2018

Planck-scale physics and the Peccei-Quinn mechanism
journal, May 1992

Solutions to the strong-CP problem in a world with gravity
journal, May 1992

Gravity and global symmetries
journal, July 1995

Strong $CP$ problem versus Planck scale physics
journal, May 1997

String axiverse
journal, June 2010

The QCD axion and moduli stabilisation
journal, May 2006

The type IIB string axiverse and its low-energy phenomenology
journal, October 2012

Global D–brane models with stabilised moduli and light axions
journal, March 2014

Axions in string theory
journal, June 2006

Discrete R symmetries for the MSSM and its singlet extensions
journal, September 2011

Gravity safe, electroweak natural axionic solution to strong CP and SUSY μ problems
journal, March 2019

Cosmological implications of radiatively generated axion scale
journal, June 1997

Implications of supersymmetric models with natural $R$ -parity conservation
journal, August 1996

Dimensionless supersymmetry breaking couplings, flat directions, and the origin of intermediate mass scales
journal, January 2000

Collider signals from slow decays in supersymmetric models with an intermediate-scale solution to the μ problem
journal, October 2000

Inflation and axion cosmology
journal, February 1988

Basic results in vacuum statistics
journal, November 2004

Stabilizing all Kähler moduli in type IIB orientifolds
journal, December 2010

Anthropic Considerations in Multiple-Domain Theories and the Scale of Electroweak Symmetry Breaking
journal, March 1998

Viable range of the mass scale of the standard model
journal, May 1998

The Higgs mass and natural supersymmetric spectrum from the landscape
journal, July 2016

Higgs and superparticle mass predictions from the landscape
journal, March 2018

LHC SUSY and WIMP dark matter searches confront the string theory landscape
journal, April 2019

Dark matter and the anthropic principle
journal, December 2005

Dimensionless constants, cosmology, and other dark matters
journal, January 2006

Anthropic explanation of the dark matter abundance
journal, March 2010

Multiverse understanding of cosmological coincidences
journal, September 2009

A Geometric Solution to the Coincidence Problem, and the Size of the Landscape as the Origin of Hierarchy
journal, March 2011