Is the magnitude of the Peccei–Quinn scale set by the landscape?

Baer, Howard; Barger, Vernon; Sengupta, Dibyashree; Serce, Hasan; Sinha, Kuver; Deal, Robert Wiley

doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-7408-x

Title: Is the magnitude of the Peccei–Quinn scale set by the landscape?

Abstract

Rather general considerations of the string theory landscape imply a mild statistical draw towards large soft SUSY breaking terms tempered by the requirement of proper electroweak symmetry breaking where SUSY contributions to the weak scale are not too far from m_weak~ 100 GeV. Such a picture leads to the prediction that m_h~ 125 GeV while most sparticles are beyond current LHC reach. Here we explore the possibility that the magnitude of the Peccei-Quinn (PQ) scale f_a is also set by string landscape considerations within the framework of a compelling SUSY axion model. First, we examine the case where the PQ symmetry arises as an accidental approximate global symmetry from a more fundamental gravity-safe Z$$R\atop{24}$$ symmetry and where the SUSY mu parameter arises from a Kim-Nilles operator. The pull towards large soft terms then also pulls the PQ scale as large as possible. Unless this is tempered by rather severe (unknown) cosmological or anthropic bounds on the density of dark matter, then we would expect a far greater abundance of dark matter than is observed. This conclusion cannot be negated by adopting a tiny axion misalignment angle θ_i because WIMPs are also overproduced at large f_a. Hence, we conclude that setting the PQ scale via anthropics is highly unlikely. Instead, requiring soft SUSY breaking terms of order the gravity-mediation scale m_3/2~ 10_-100 TeV places the mixed axion-neutralino dark matter abundance into the intermediate scale sweet zone where f_a~ 10¹¹-10¹² GeV. We compare our analysis to the more general case of a generic SUSY DFSZ axion model with uniform selection on theta_i but leading to the measured dark matter abundance: this approach leads to a preference for f_a~ 10¹² GeV.

Authors:

^[1]; Barger, Vernon ^[2]; Sengupta, Dibyashree ^[1]; Serce, Hasan ^[2]; Sinha, Kuver ^[1]; Deal, Robert Wiley ^[1]

Univ. of Oklahoma, Norman, OK (United States)
Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)

Publication Date:: 2019-11-07

Research Org.:: Univ. of Oklahoma, Norman, OK (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)

OSTI Identifier:: 1600540

Report Number(s):: arXiv:1905.00443
Journal ID: ISSN 1434-6044; arXiv:1905.00443; TRN: US2103562

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0009956

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: European Physical Journal. C, Particles and Fields

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 79; Journal Issue: 11; Journal ID: ISSN 1434-6044

Publisher:: Springer

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS; supersymmetry; axions; dark matter

Citation Formats


                    Baer, Howard, Barger, Vernon, Sengupta, Dibyashree, Serce, Hasan, Sinha, Kuver, and Deal, Robert Wiley. Is the magnitude of the Peccei–Quinn scale set by the landscape?.  United States: N. p., 2019. 
Web.  doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-7408-x.

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                    Baer, Howard, Barger, Vernon, Sengupta, Dibyashree, Serce, Hasan, Sinha, Kuver, & Deal, Robert Wiley. Is the magnitude of the Peccei–Quinn scale set by the landscape?.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-7408-x

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                    Baer, Howard, Barger, Vernon, Sengupta, Dibyashree, Serce, Hasan, Sinha, Kuver, and Deal, Robert Wiley. Thu .  
"Is the magnitude of the Peccei–Quinn scale set by the landscape?".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-7408-x.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1600540.

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@article{osti_1600540,

  title        = {Is the magnitude of the Peccei–Quinn scale set by the landscape?},

  author       = {Baer, Howard and Barger, Vernon and Sengupta, Dibyashree and Serce, Hasan and Sinha, Kuver and Deal, Robert Wiley},

  abstractNote = {Rather general considerations of the string theory landscape imply a mild statistical draw towards large soft SUSY breaking terms tempered by the requirement of proper electroweak symmetry breaking where SUSY contributions to the weak scale are not too far from mweak~ 100 GeV. Such a picture leads to the prediction that mh~ 125 GeV while most sparticles are beyond current LHC reach. Here we explore the possibility that the magnitude of the Peccei-Quinn (PQ) scale fa is also set by string landscape considerations within the framework of a compelling SUSY axion model. First, we examine the case where the PQ symmetry arises as an accidental approximate global symmetry from a more fundamental gravity-safe Z$R\atop{24}$$ symmetry and where the SUSY mu parameter arises from a Kim-Nilles operator. The pull towards large soft terms then also pulls the PQ scale as large as possible. Unless this is tempered by rather severe (unknown) cosmological or anthropic bounds on the density of dark matter, then we would expect a far greater abundance of dark matter than is observed. This conclusion cannot be negated by adopting a tiny axion misalignment angle θi because WIMPs are also overproduced at large fa. Hence, we conclude that setting the PQ scale via anthropics is highly unlikely. Instead, requiring soft SUSY breaking terms of order the gravity-mediation scale m3/2~ 10-100 TeV places the mixed axion-neutralino dark matter abundance into the intermediate scale sweet zone where fa~ 1011-1012 GeV. We compare our analysis to the more general case of a generic SUSY DFSZ axion model with uniform selection on theta_i but leading to the measured dark matter abundance: this approach leads to a preference for fa~ 1012 GeV.},

  doi          = {10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-7408-x},

  journal      = {European Physical Journal. C, Particles and Fields},

  number       = 11,

  volume       = 79,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2019},

  month        = {11}

}

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Higgs and superparticle mass predictions from the landscape
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Exploration of the MSSM with non-universal Higgs masses
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Freivogel, Ben
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Baer, Howard; Lessa, Andre; Sreethawong, Warintorn
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The type IIB string axiverse and its low-energy phenomenology
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Cicoli, Michele; Goodsell, Mark; Ringwald, Andreas
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Radiative natural supersymmetry: Reconciling electroweak fine-tuning and the Higgs boson mass
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Baer, Howard; Barger, Vernon; Huang, Peisi
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Radiatively-driven natural supersymmetry at the LHC
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Baer, Howard; Barger, Vernon; Huang, Peisi
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D'Eramo, Francesco; Hall, Lawrence J.; Pappadopulo, Duccio
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Peccei-Quinn Symmetry from Dynamical Supersymmetry Breaking
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Harigaya, Keisuke; Ibe, Masahiro; Schmitz, Kai
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SUSY under siege from direct and indirect WIMP detection experiments
text, January 2016

Baer, Howard; Barger, Vernon; Serce, Hasan
arXiv
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The Reach of the High-Energy LHC for Gluinos and Top Squarks in SUSY Models with Light Higgsinos
text, January 2017

Baer, Howard; Barger, Vernon; Gainer, James S.
arXiv
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LHC luminosity and energy upgrades confront natural supersymmetry models
text, January 2018

Baer, Howard; Barger, Vernon; Gainer, James S.
arXiv
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Dimensionless constants, cosmology and other dark matters
text, January 2005

Tegmark, Max; Aguirre, Anthony; Rees, Martin J.
arXiv
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Neutralino relic density in minimal supergravity with co-annihilations
text, January 2002

Baer, Howard; Balazs, Csaba; Belyaev, Alexander
arXiv
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The MSSM Parameter Space with Non-Universal Higgs Masses
text, January 2002

Ellis, John; Olive, Keith A.; Santoso, Yudi
arXiv
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Exploration of the MSSM with Non-Universal Higgs Masses
text, January 2002

Ellis, J.; Falk, T.; Olive, K. A.
arXiv
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Axino dark matter from thermal production
text, January 2004

Brandenburg, Arnd; Steffen, Frank Daniel
arXiv
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Living Dangerously with Low-Energy Supersymmetry
text, January 2006

Giudice, G. F.; Rattazzi, R.
arXiv
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Solutions to the strong CP problem in a world with gravity
text, January 1992

Holman, R.; Hsu, S. D. H.; Kephart, T.
arXiv
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Axino Mass in Supergravity Models
text, January 1995

Chun, E. J.; Lukas, A.
arXiv
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Implications of supersymmetric models with natural R-parity conservation
text, January 1996

Martin, Stephen P.
arXiv
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Constraints on the Minimal Supergravity Model from Non-standard Vacua
text, January 1996

Baer, Howard; Brhlik, Michal; Castano, Diego
arXiv
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Dimensionless supersymmetry breaking couplings, flat directions, and the origin of intermediate mass scales
text, January 1999

Martin, Stephen P.
arXiv
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Quantization of Four-form Fluxes and Dynamical Neutralization of the Cosmological Constant
text, January 2000

Bousso, Raphael; Polchinski, Joseph
arXiv
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The statistics of string/M theory vacua
text, January 2003

Douglas, Michael R.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.hep-th/0303194

Counting Flux Vacua
text, January 2003

Ashok, Sujay; Douglas, Michael R.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.hep-th/0307049

Basic results in Vacuum Statistics
text, January 2004

Douglas, Michael R.
arXiv
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Dark Matter and The Anthropic Principle
text, January 2005

Hellerman, Simeon; Walcher, Johannes
arXiv
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The QCD Axion and Moduli Stabilisation
text, January 2006

Conlon, Joseph P.
arXiv
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Planck-Scale Physics and the Peccei-Quinn Mechanism
text, January 1992

Kamionkowski, Marc; March-Russell, John
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.hep-th/9202003

Gravity and Global Symmetries
text, January 1995

Kallosh, Renata; Linde, Andrei; Linde, Dmitri
arXiv
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Title: Is the magnitude of the Peccei–Quinn scale set by the landscape?

Abstract

Citation Formats

Symmetry Breaking through Bell-Jackiw Anomalies journal, July 1976

Solutions to the strong-CP problem in a world with gravity journal, May 1992

Peccei-Quinn symmetry from a gauged discrete R symmetry journal, October 2013

Multichannel assault on natural supersymmetry at the high luminosity LHC journal, August 2016

Implications of non-universality of soft terms in supersyrnmetric grand unified theories journal, February 1995

Upper Bound of the Lightest Higgs Boson Mass in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model journal, January 1991

Axino dark matter from thermal production journal, August 2004

Constraints on the minimal supergravity model from nonstandard vacua journal, December 1996

Gravity and global symmetries journal, July 1995

The Higgs mass and natural supersymmetric spectrum from the landscape journal, July 2016

Cosmology of the invisible axion journal, January 1983

Weak symmetry breaking by radiative corrections in broken supergravity journal, June 1983

Dark matter and the anthropic principle journal, December 2005

LHC SUSY and WIMP dark matter searches confront the string theory landscape journal, April 2019

Electroweak symmetry breaking with non-universal scalar soft terms and large tan β solutions journal, January 1995

Solution of the gauge hierarchy problem journal, November 1982

Coupled Boltzmann calculation of mixed axion/neutralino cold dark matter production in the early universe journal, January 2012

Supersymmetry, naturalness and light higgsinos journal, May 2014

SU(2)L × U(1) symmetry breaking as a radiative effect of supersymmetry breaking in GUTs journal, April 1982

Gauge hierarchy in a supersymmetric model journal, February 1982

Natural little hierarchy for SUSY from radiative breaking of the Peccei-Quinn symmetry journal, January 2015

Dimensionless constants, cosmology, and other dark matters journal, January 2006

String axiverse journal, June 2010

Direct, indirect and collider detection of neutralino dark matter in SUSY models with non-universal Higgs masses journal, July 2005

Viable range of the mass scale of the standard model journal, May 1998

Thermal gravitino production and collider tests of leptogenesis journal, January 2007

Radiatively-driven natural supersymmetry at the LHC journal, December 2013

Weak Scale Supersymmetry book, January 2006

Living dangerously with low-energy supersymmetry journal, November 2006

Monojet plus soft dilepton signal from light higgsino pair production at LHC14 journal, December 2014

A Geometric Solution to the Coincidence Problem, and the Size of the Landscape as the Origin of Hierarchy journal, March 2011

Big bang nucleosynthesis constraints on hadronically and electromagnetically decaying relic neutral particles journal, November 2006

Weak interaction breakdown induced by supergravity journal, January 1983

Axions in string theory journal, June 2006

The statistics of string/M theory vacua journal, May 2003

Radiative natural supersymmetry: Reconciling electroweak fine-tuning and the Higgs boson mass journal, June 2013

The U(1) problem journal, June 1975

How conventional measures overestimate electroweak fine-tuning in supersymmetric theory journal, November 2013

Big-bang nucleosynthesis and gravitinos journal, September 2008

Supersymmetry and the scale of unification journal, September 1981

Geography of fields in extra dimensions: String theory lessons for particle physics journal, March 2015

Probing the desert using gauge coupling unification journal, May 1991

Basic results in vacuum statistics journal, November 2004

Aspects of Grand Unified Models with Softly Broken Supersymmetry journal, September 1982

Low energy supersymmetry from the landscape journal, August 2008

Precise prediction for M W in the MSSM journal, August 2006

Search for Invisible Axion Dark Matter with the Axion Dark Matter Experiment journal, April 2018

Gravity safe, electroweak natural axionic solution to strong CP and SUSY μ problems journal, March 2019

Upper bounds on sparticle masses from naturalness or how to disprove weak scale supersymmetry journal, February 2016

A cosmological bound on the invisible axion journal, January 1983

Comparison of grand unified theories with electroweak and strong coupling constants measured at LEP journal, May 1991

The type IIB string axiverse and its low-energy phenomenology journal, October 2012

Distributions of flux vacua journal, May 2004

LHC luminosity and energy upgrades confront natural supersymmetry models journal, October 2018

The Cosmological constant problem journal, May 2004

SUSY under siege from direct and indirect WIMP detection experiments journal, December 2016

Supersymmetry, supergravity and particle physics journal, August 1984

Neutralino relic density in minimal supergravity with co-annihilations journal, March 2002

Stabilizing all Kähler moduli in type IIB orientifolds journal, December 2010

A New Light Boson? journal, January 1978

Multiverse dark matter: SUSY or axions journal, November 2014

Why comparable? A multiverse explanation of the dark matter-baryon coincidence journal, September 2013

Implications of supersymmetric models with natural R -parity conservation journal, August 1996

Strong CP problem versus Planck scale physics journal, May 1997

The not-so-harmless axion journal, January 1983

Softly broken supersymmetry and SU(5) journal, December 1981

Supersymmetric Higgs and radiative electroweak breaking journal, November 2007

Anthropic Bound on the Cosmological Constant journal, November 1987

Renormalization of Supersymmetry Breaking Parameters Revisited journal, February 1984

Radiative corrections to the masses of supersymmetric Higgs bosons journal, March 1991

Eternal inflation and its implications journal, June 2007

Inflation and axion cosmology journal, February 1988

Peccei-Quinn symmetry from dynamical supersymmetry breaking journal, October 2015

The μ-problem and the strong CP-problem journal, April 1984

Hidden SUSY at the LHC: the light higgsino-world scenario and the role of a lepton collider journal, November 2011

Axino mass in supergravity models journal, August 1995

Problem of Strong P and T Invariance in the Presence of Instantons journal, January 1978

Symmetry Breaking through Bell-Jackiw Anomalies
journal, July 1976

Solutions to the strong-CP problem in a world with gravity
journal, May 1992

Peccei-Quinn symmetry from a gauged discrete $R$ symmetry
journal, October 2013

Multichannel assault on natural supersymmetry at the high luminosity LHC
journal, August 2016

Implications of non-universality of soft terms in supersyrnmetric grand unified theories
journal, February 1995

Upper Bound of the Lightest Higgs Boson Mass in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model
journal, January 1991

Axino dark matter from thermal production
journal, August 2004

Constraints on the minimal supergravity model from nonstandard vacua
journal, December 1996

Gravity and global symmetries
journal, July 1995

The Higgs mass and natural supersymmetric spectrum from the landscape
journal, July 2016

Cosmology of the invisible axion
journal, January 1983

Weak symmetry breaking by radiative corrections in broken supergravity
journal, June 1983

Dark matter and the anthropic principle
journal, December 2005

LHC SUSY and WIMP dark matter searches confront the string theory landscape
journal, April 2019

Electroweak symmetry breaking with non-universal scalar soft terms and large tan β solutions
journal, January 1995

Solution of the gauge hierarchy problem
journal, November 1982

Coupled Boltzmann calculation of mixed axion/neutralino cold dark matter production in the early universe
journal, January 2012

Supersymmetry, naturalness and light higgsinos
journal, May 2014

SU(2)L × U(1) symmetry breaking as a radiative effect of supersymmetry breaking in GUTs
journal, April 1982

Gauge hierarchy in a supersymmetric model
journal, February 1982

Natural little hierarchy for SUSY from radiative breaking of the Peccei-Quinn symmetry
journal, January 2015

Dimensionless constants, cosmology, and other dark matters
journal, January 2006

String axiverse
journal, June 2010

Direct, indirect and collider detection of neutralino dark matter in SUSY models with non-universal Higgs masses
journal, July 2005

Viable range of the mass scale of the standard model
journal, May 1998

Thermal gravitino production and collider tests of leptogenesis
journal, January 2007

Radiatively-driven natural supersymmetry at the LHC
journal, December 2013

Weak Scale Supersymmetry
book, January 2006

Living dangerously with low-energy supersymmetry
journal, November 2006

Monojet plus soft dilepton signal from light higgsino pair production at LHC14
journal, December 2014

A Geometric Solution to the Coincidence Problem, and the Size of the Landscape as the Origin of Hierarchy
journal, March 2011

Big bang nucleosynthesis constraints on hadronically and electromagnetically decaying relic neutral particles
journal, November 2006

Weak interaction breakdown induced by supergravity
journal, January 1983

Axions in string theory
journal, June 2006

The statistics of string/M theory vacua
journal, May 2003

Radiative natural supersymmetry: Reconciling electroweak fine-tuning and the Higgs boson mass
journal, June 2013

The U(1) problem
journal, June 1975

How conventional measures overestimate electroweak fine-tuning in supersymmetric theory
journal, November 2013

Big-bang nucleosynthesis and gravitinos
journal, September 2008

Supersymmetry and the scale of unification
journal, September 1981

Geography of fields in extra dimensions: String theory lessons for particle physics
journal, March 2015

Probing the desert using gauge coupling unification
journal, May 1991

Basic results in vacuum statistics
journal, November 2004

Aspects of Grand Unified Models with Softly Broken Supersymmetry
journal, September 1982

Low energy supersymmetry from the landscape
journal, August 2008

Precise prediction for M _W in the MSSM
journal, August 2006

Search for Invisible Axion Dark Matter with the Axion Dark Matter Experiment
journal, April 2018

Gravity safe, electroweak natural axionic solution to strong CP and SUSY μ problems
journal, March 2019

Upper bounds on sparticle masses from naturalness or how to disprove weak scale supersymmetry
journal, February 2016

A cosmological bound on the invisible axion
journal, January 1983

Comparison of grand unified theories with electroweak and strong coupling constants measured at LEP
journal, May 1991

The type IIB string axiverse and its low-energy phenomenology
journal, October 2012

Distributions of flux vacua
journal, May 2004

LHC luminosity and energy upgrades confront natural supersymmetry models
journal, October 2018

The Cosmological constant problem
journal, May 2004

SUSY under siege from direct and indirect WIMP detection experiments
journal, December 2016

Supersymmetry, supergravity and particle physics
journal, August 1984

Neutralino relic density in minimal supergravity with co-annihilations
journal, March 2002

Stabilizing all Kähler moduli in type IIB orientifolds
journal, December 2010

A New Light Boson?
journal, January 1978

Multiverse dark matter: SUSY or axions
journal, November 2014

Why comparable? A multiverse explanation of the dark matter-baryon coincidence
journal, September 2013

Implications of supersymmetric models with natural $R$ -parity conservation
journal, August 1996

Strong $CP$ problem versus Planck scale physics
journal, May 1997

The not-so-harmless axion
journal, January 1983

Softly broken supersymmetry and SU(5)
journal, December 1981

Supersymmetric Higgs and radiative electroweak breaking
journal, November 2007

Anthropic Bound on the Cosmological Constant
journal, November 1987

Renormalization of Supersymmetry Breaking Parameters Revisited
journal, February 1984

Radiative corrections to the masses of supersymmetric Higgs bosons
journal, March 1991

Eternal inflation and its implications
journal, June 2007

Inflation and axion cosmology
journal, February 1988

Peccei-Quinn symmetry from dynamical supersymmetry breaking
journal, October 2015

The μ-problem and the strong CP-problem
journal, April 1984

Hidden SUSY at the LHC: the light higgsino-world scenario and the role of a lepton collider
journal, November 2011

Axino mass in supergravity models
journal, August 1995

Problem of Strong $P$ and $T$ Invariance in the Presence of Instantons
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Multiverse understanding of cosmological coincidences
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Can the mass of the lightest Higgs boson of the minimal supersymmetric model be larger than $m_{Z}$ ?
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