Progress and simulations for intranuclear neutron-antineutron transformations in Ar 18 40

doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.101.036008

Title: Progress and simulations for intranuclear neutron-antineutron transformations in ${}_{18}^{40}{Ar}$

Abstract

With the imminent construction of the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) and Hyper-Kamiokande, nucleon decay searches as a means to constrain beyond standard model extensions are once again at the forefront of fundamental physics. Abundant neutrons within these large experimental volumes, along with future high-intensity neutron beams such as the European Spallation Source, offer a powerful, high-precision portal onto this physics through searches for B and B-L violating processes such as neutron-antineutron transformations ($$n→\bar{n}$$), a key prediction of compelling theories of baryogenesis. With this in mind, this paper discusses a novel and self-consistent intranuclear simulation of this process within ${}_{18}^{40}{Ar}$ , which plays the role of both detector and target within the DUNE’s gigantic liquid argon time projection chambers. An accurate and independent simulation of the resulting intranuclear annihilation respecting important physical correlations and cascade dynamics for this large nucleus is necessary to understand the viability of such rare searches when contrasted against background sources such as atmospheric neutrinos. Recent theoretical improvements to our model, such as the first calculations of the ${}_{18}^{40}{Ar}$ intranuclear radial annihilation probability distribution and the inclusion of a realistic $$\bar{n}$$A potential, are discussed. A Monte Carlo simulation comparison to another publicly available $$n→\bar{n}$$ generator within GENIE is shown in some detail. The first calculation of ${}_{18}^{40}{Ar}$ ’s $$n→\bar{n}$$-intranuclear suppression factor, an important quantity for future searches at the DUNE, is also completed, finding $$T_R^{Ar}~5.6×10^{22} s^{-1}$$.

Authors:

; Golubeva, Elena S.; Paryev, Eduard; Richard, Jean-Marc

Publication Date:: 2020-02-18

Research Org.:: Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)

OSTI Identifier:: 1600060

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1546017

Report Number(s):: FERMILAB-PUB-19-298
Journal ID: ISSN 2470-0010; PRVDAQ; 036008

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-07CH11359; SC0014664

Resource Type:: Published Article

Journal Name:: Physical Review D

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Physical Review D Journal Volume: 101 Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 2470-0010

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS; 72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS; Baryogenesis & leptogenesis; Models & methods for nuclear reactions; Neutrons; 39 ≤ A ≤ 58; Monte Carlo methods; Shell model

Citation Formats


                    Barrow, Joshua L., Golubeva, Elena S., Paryev, Eduard, and Richard, Jean-Marc. Progress and simulations for intranuclear neutron-antineutron transformations in Ar 18 40.  United States: N. p., 2020. 
        Web.  doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.101.036008.

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                    Barrow, Joshua L., Golubeva, Elena S., Paryev, Eduard, & Richard, Jean-Marc. Progress and simulations for intranuclear neutron-antineutron transformations in Ar 18 40.  United States.  doi:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.101.036008

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                    Barrow, Joshua L., Golubeva, Elena S., Paryev, Eduard, and Richard, Jean-Marc. Tue .  
        "Progress and simulations for intranuclear neutron-antineutron transformations in Ar 18 40".  United States.  doi:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.101.036008.

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@article{osti_1600060,

  title        = {Progress and simulations for intranuclear neutron-antineutron transformations in Ar 18 40},

  author       = {Barrow, Joshua L. and Golubeva, Elena S. and Paryev, Eduard and Richard, Jean-Marc},

  abstractNote = {With the imminent construction of the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) and Hyper-Kamiokande, nucleon decay searches as a means to constrain beyond standard model extensions are once again at the forefront of fundamental physics. Abundant neutrons within these large experimental volumes, along with future high-intensity neutron beams such as the European Spallation Source, offer a powerful, high-precision portal onto this physics through searches for B and B-L violating processes such as neutron-antineutron transformations ($n→\bar{n}$), a key prediction of compelling theories of baryogenesis. With this in mind, this paper discusses a novel and self-consistent intranuclear simulation of this process within Ar1840, which plays the role of both detector and target within the DUNE’s gigantic liquid argon time projection chambers. An accurate and independent simulation of the resulting intranuclear annihilation respecting important physical correlations and cascade dynamics for this large nucleus is necessary to understand the viability of such rare searches when contrasted against background sources such as atmospheric neutrinos. Recent theoretical improvements to our model, such as the first calculations of the Ar1840 intranuclear radial annihilation probability distribution and the inclusion of a realistic $\bar{n}$A potential, are discussed. A Monte Carlo simulation comparison to another publicly available $n→\bar{n}$ generator within GENIE is shown in some detail. The first calculation of Ar1840’s $n→\bar{n}$-intranuclear suppression factor, an important quantity for future searches at the DUNE, is also completed, finding $T_R^{Ar}~5.6×10^{22} s^{-1}$.},

  doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevD.101.036008},

  journal      = {Physical Review D},

  number       = 3,

  volume       = 101,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2020},

  month        = {2}

}

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Title: Progress and simulations for intranuclear neutron-antineutron transformations in Ar 18 40

Abstract

Citation Formats

Symmetry Breaking through Bell-Jackiw Anomalies journal, July 1976

New Calculation of Fission Barriers for Heavy and Superheavy Nuclei journal, March 1972

Study of prompt e + e − , η 0 , and ω 0 production in low-energy p ¯ p annihilations journal, January 1980

Restriction on the neutron-antineutron oscillations from the SNO data on the deuteron stability journal, March 2012

Limits on the neutron-antineutron oscillation time from the stability of nuclei journal, April 1985

Hadronic and electromagnetic probes of hot and dense nuclear matter11Supported by BMBF, DFG, GSI Darmstadt and FZ Jülich. journal, January 1999

Search for n − n ¯ oscillation in Super-Kamiokande journal, April 2015

The antinucleon–nucleon interaction at low energy: Annihilation dynamics journal, July 2005

Limits on the neutron-antineutron oscillation time from the stability of nuclei journal, January 1995

Comparative study of the elastic scattering of 178.4 MeV antiprotons by the 16O and 18O isotopes journal, March 1986

Experiments on Antiprotons: Antiproton-Nucleon Cross Sections journal, December 1957

Antibaryons bound in nuclei journal, March 2005

Search for neutron-antineutron oscillations using multiprong events in Soudan 2 journal, August 2002

Annihilation of low energy antineutrons on nuclei journal, June 1997

Search for neutron-antineutron oscillations in the Fréjus detector journal, April 1990

Quantum field theory of particle oscillations: Neutron-antineutron conversion journal, July 2018

Dynamics of Low-Energy Antiproton Annihilation in Nuclei as Inferred from Inclusive Proton and Pion Measurements journal, May 1986

Antibaryon production in hot and dense nuclear matter journal, March 2002

Annihilation cross-sections of antineutrons on C, Al, Cu, Sn and Pb at low momenta (180–280 MeV/c) with the OBELIX spectrometer journal, June 1994

Postsphaleron Baryogenesis journal, September 2006

n - n ¯ Oscillations in Models with Large Extra Dimensions journal, April 2002

Realistic calculations of nuclear disappearance lifetimes induced by n n ¯ oscillations journal, July 2008

Implications of an Improved Neutron-Antineutron Oscillation Search for Baryogenesis: A Minimal Effective Theory Analysis journal, October 2018

Search for n − n ¯ Oscillation in Oxygen journal, February 1984

Mean-field effects and apparent temperatures of nucleons and antinucleons journal, August 1991

Neutron-Antineutron Oscillations from Lattice QCD journal, April 2019

Inclusive production of non-strange mesons in annihilations journal, May 1977

A new experimental limit on neutron-antineutron oscillations journal, September 1994

Antibaryons in massive heavy ion reactions: Importance of potentials journal, April 1996

Annihilation at rest of antiprotons and protons into neutral particles journal, June 2003

Subthreshold K + meson production in proton–nucleus reactions and nucleon spectral function journal, January 1998

Simplified models with baryon number violation but no proton decay journal, April 2013

ϕ meson width in the medium from proton induced ϕ production in nuclei journal, June 2005

Antiproton–nucleus potentials from global fits to antiprotonic X-rays and radiochemical data journal, November 2005

Antinucleon–nucleon interaction at low energy: scattering and protonium journal, September 2002

Fermi-motion effects in deep-inelastic lepton scattering from nuclear targets journal, March 1981

Proton-antiproton scattering and annihilation into two mesons journal, June 1986

Model of n ¯ annihilation in experimental searches for n ¯ transformations journal, February 2019

Search for neutron-antineutron oscillations at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory journal, November 2017

Violation of CP in variance, C asymmetry, and baryon asymmetry of the universe journal, May 1991

Charged pion spectra and energy transfer following antiproton annihilation at rest in carbon and uranium journal, December 1990

p̄p total cross sections below 420 MeV/c journal, August 1987

Antiproton-nucleus collisions simulation within a kinetic approach with relativistic mean fields journal, August 2009

Nuclear effects in protonium journal, April 1982

Effects of mesonic resonance production in annihilation of stopped antiprotons on nuclei journal, February 1992

Baryon-Number Violation by Two Units and the Deuteron Lifetime journal, April 2019

Post-sphaleron baryogenesis and an upper limit on the neutron-antineutron oscillation time journal, June 2013

Neutron–antineutron oscillation and discrete symmetries journal, November 2018

Low Energy Antiproton Physics journal, December 1991

Antineutron–proton total cross section from 50 to 400 MeV/c journal, March 2000

On anomalous electroweak baryon-number non-conservation in the early universe journal, May 1985

Are Mesons Elementary Particles? journal, December 1949

Search for neutron-antineutron oscillation in O 16 nuclei journal, August 1986

Elastic, charge exchange, and inelastic p ¯ p cross sections in the optical model journal, April 1980

Environmental effects on possible n − n ¯ transitions journal, August 1983

On the possibility of an experimental search for oscillations journal, February 1981

Analytic wave function for the deuteron D state journal, September 1977

Reanalysis of antiproton production in proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus reactions at subthreshold energies journal, March 1998

Quadrupole Polarizabilities of Various Ions and the Alkali Atoms journal, February 1970

The nonrelativistic three-body problem for baryons journal, March 1992

Energy levels of light nuclei A = 16–17 journal, April 1977

Experimental Approach to Search for Free Neutron-Antineutron Oscillations Based on Coherent Neutron and Antineutron Mirror Reflection journal, June 2019

Violation of <i>CP</i> in variance, <i>C</i> asymmetry, and baryon asymmetry of the universe [Нарушение CP-инвариантности. C-асимметрия и барионная асимметрия Вселенной] journal, January 1991

Neutron-antineutron oscillations in nuclei journal, March 1983

Title: Progress and simulations for intranuclear neutron-antineutron transformations in ${}_{18}^{40}{Ar}$

Symmetry Breaking through Bell-Jackiw Anomalies
journal, July 1976

New Calculation of Fission Barriers for Heavy and Superheavy Nuclei
journal, March 1972

Study of prompt $e^{+} e^{-}$ , $η^{0}$ , and $ω^{0}$ production in low-energy $\bar{p} p$ annihilations
journal, January 1980

Restriction on the neutron-antineutron oscillations from the SNO data on the deuteron stability
journal, March 2012

Limits on the neutron-antineutron oscillation time from the stability of nuclei
journal, April 1985

Hadronic and electromagnetic probes of hot and dense nuclear matter11Supported by BMBF, DFG, GSI Darmstadt and FZ Jülich.
journal, January 1999

Search for $n - \bar{n}$ oscillation in Super-Kamiokande
journal, April 2015

The antinucleon–nucleon interaction at low energy: Annihilation dynamics
journal, July 2005

Limits on the neutron-antineutron oscillation time from the stability of nuclei
journal, January 1995

Comparative study of the elastic scattering of 178.4 MeV antiprotons by the 16O and 18O isotopes
journal, March 1986

Experiments on Antiprotons: Antiproton-Nucleon Cross Sections
journal, December 1957

Antibaryons bound in nuclei
journal, March 2005

Search for neutron-antineutron oscillations using multiprong events in Soudan 2
journal, August 2002

Annihilation of low energy antineutrons on nuclei
journal, June 1997

Search for neutron-antineutron oscillations in the Fréjus detector
journal, April 1990

Quantum field theory of particle oscillations: Neutron-antineutron conversion
journal, July 2018

Dynamics of Low-Energy Antiproton Annihilation in Nuclei as Inferred from Inclusive Proton and Pion Measurements
journal, May 1986

Antibaryon production in hot and dense nuclear matter
journal, March 2002

Annihilation cross-sections of antineutrons on C, Al, Cu, Sn and Pb at low momenta (180–280 MeV/c) with the OBELIX spectrometer
journal, June 1994

Postsphaleron Baryogenesis
journal, September 2006

$n$ - $\bar{n}$ Oscillations in Models with Large Extra Dimensions
journal, April 2002

Realistic calculations of nuclear disappearance lifetimes induced by $n \bar{n}$ oscillations
journal, July 2008

Implications of an Improved Neutron-Antineutron Oscillation Search for Baryogenesis: A Minimal Effective Theory Analysis
journal, October 2018

Search for $n - \bar{n}$ Oscillation in Oxygen
journal, February 1984

Mean-field effects and apparent temperatures of nucleons and antinucleons
journal, August 1991

Neutron-Antineutron Oscillations from Lattice QCD
journal, April 2019

Inclusive production of non-strange mesons in annihilations
journal, May 1977

A new experimental limit on neutron-antineutron oscillations
journal, September 1994

Antibaryons in massive heavy ion reactions: Importance of potentials
journal, April 1996

Annihilation at rest of antiprotons and protons into neutral particles
journal, June 2003

Subthreshold K + meson production in proton–nucleus reactions and nucleon spectral function
journal, January 1998

Simplified models with baryon number violation but no proton decay
journal, April 2013

ϕ meson width in the medium from proton induced ϕ production in nuclei
journal, June 2005

Antiproton–nucleus potentials from global fits to antiprotonic X-rays and radiochemical data
journal, November 2005

Antinucleon–nucleon interaction at low energy: scattering and protonium
journal, September 2002

Fermi-motion effects in deep-inelastic lepton scattering from nuclear targets
journal, March 1981

Proton-antiproton scattering and annihilation into two mesons
journal, June 1986

Model of $\bar{n}$ annihilation in experimental searches for $\bar{n}$ transformations
journal, February 2019

Search for neutron-antineutron oscillations at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
journal, November 2017

Violation of CP in variance, C asymmetry, and baryon asymmetry of the universe
journal, May 1991

Charged pion spectra and energy transfer following antiproton annihilation at rest in carbon and uranium
journal, December 1990

p̄p total cross sections below 420 MeV/c
journal, August 1987

Antiproton-nucleus collisions simulation within a kinetic approach with relativistic mean fields
journal, August 2009

Nuclear effects in protonium
journal, April 1982

Effects of mesonic resonance production in annihilation of stopped antiprotons on nuclei
journal, February 1992

Baryon-Number Violation by Two Units and the Deuteron Lifetime
journal, April 2019

Post-sphaleron baryogenesis and an upper limit on the neutron-antineutron oscillation time
journal, June 2013

Neutron–antineutron oscillation and discrete symmetries
journal, November 2018

Low Energy Antiproton Physics
journal, December 1991

Antineutron–proton total cross section from 50 to 400 MeV/c
journal, March 2000

On anomalous electroweak baryon-number non-conservation in the early universe
journal, May 1985

Are Mesons Elementary Particles?
journal, December 1949

Search for neutron-antineutron oscillation in ${}^{16}O$ nuclei
journal, August 1986

Elastic, charge exchange, and inelastic $\bar{p} p$ cross sections in the optical model
journal, April 1980

Environmental effects on possible $n - \bar{n}$ transitions
journal, August 1983

On the possibility of an experimental search for oscillations
journal, February 1981

Analytic wave function for the deuteron $D$ state
journal, September 1977

Reanalysis of antiproton production in proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus reactions at subthreshold energies
journal, March 1998

Quadrupole Polarizabilities of Various Ions and the Alkali Atoms
journal, February 1970

The nonrelativistic three-body problem for baryons
journal, March 1992

Energy levels of light nuclei A = 16–17
journal, April 1977

Experimental Approach to Search for Free Neutron-Antineutron Oscillations Based on Coherent Neutron and Antineutron Mirror Reflection
journal, June 2019

Violation of <i>CP</i> in variance, <i>C</i> asymmetry, and baryon asymmetry of the universe [Нарушение CP-инвариантности. C-асимметрия и барионная асимметрия Вселенной]
journal, January 1991

Neutron-antineutron oscillations in nuclei
journal, March 1983