Multiplicity functions of quasars: predictions from the MassiveBlackII simulation
Abstract
ABSTRACT We examine multiple active galactic nucleus (AGN) systems (triples and quadruples, in particular) in the MassiveBlackII simulation over a redshift range of 0.06 ≲ z ≲ 4. We identify AGN systems (with bolometric luminosity $$L_{\mathrm{bol}}\gt 10^{42}~\mathrm{erg\, s}^{-1}$$) at different scales (defined by the maximum distance between member AGNs) to determine the AGN multiplicity functions. This is defined as the volume/surface density of AGN systems per unit richness R, the number of AGNs in a system. We find that gravitationally bound multiple AGN systems tend to populate scales of $${\lesssim}0.7~\mathrm{cMpc}\, h^{-1}$$; this corresponds to angular separations of ≲100 arcsec and a line-of-sight velocity difference $${\lesssim}200~\mathrm{km\, s}^{-1}$$. The simulation contains ∼10 and ∼100 triples/quadruples per deg2 up to depths of DESI (g ≲ 24) and LSST (g ≲ 26) imaging, respectively; at least $$20{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$$ of these should be detectable in spectroscopic surveys. The simulated quasar ($$L_{\mathrm{bol}}\gt 10^{44}~\mathrm{erg\, s}^{-1}$$) triples and quadruples predominantly exist at 1.5 ≲ z ≲ 3. Their members have black hole masses $$10^{6.5}\lesssim M_{\mathrm{ bh}}\lesssim 10^{9}~\mathrm{M}_{\odot }\, h^{-1}$$ and live in separate (one central and multiple satellite) galaxies with stellar masses $$10^{10}\lesssim M_{*}\lesssim 10^{12}~\mathrm{M}_{\odot }\, h^{-1}$$. They live in the most massive haloes (e.g. $${\sim}10^{13}~\mathrm{M}_{\odot }\, h^{-1}$$ at z = 2.5; $${\sim}10^{14}~\mathrm{M}_{\odot }\, h^{-1}$$ at z = 1) in the simulation. Their detections provide an exciting prospect for understanding massive black hole growth and their merger rates in galaxies in the era of multimessenger astronomy.
- Authors:
-
[1];
- McWilliams Center for Cosmology, Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Wyoming, 1000 University Ave., Laramie, WY 82071, USA
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Univ. of Wyoming, Laramie, WY (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1598908
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1600023
- Grant/Contract Number:
- SC0019022
- Resource Type:
- Published Article
- Journal Name:
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Journal Volume: 492 Journal Issue: 4; Journal ID: ISSN 0035-8711
- Publisher:
- Royal Astronomical Society
- Country of Publication:
- United Kingdom
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
Citation Formats
Bhowmick, Aklant K., Di Matteo, Tiziana, and Myers, Adam D. Multiplicity functions of quasars: predictions from the MassiveBlackII simulation. United Kingdom: N. p., 2020.
Web. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa172.
Bhowmick, Aklant K., Di Matteo, Tiziana, & Myers, Adam D. Multiplicity functions of quasars: predictions from the MassiveBlackII simulation. United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa172
Bhowmick, Aklant K., Di Matteo, Tiziana, and Myers, Adam D. Mon .
"Multiplicity functions of quasars: predictions from the MassiveBlackII simulation". United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa172.
@article{osti_1598908,
title = {Multiplicity functions of quasars: predictions from the MassiveBlackII simulation},
author = {Bhowmick, Aklant K. and Di Matteo, Tiziana and Myers, Adam D.},
abstractNote = {ABSTRACT We examine multiple active galactic nucleus (AGN) systems (triples and quadruples, in particular) in the MassiveBlackII simulation over a redshift range of 0.06 ≲ z ≲ 4. We identify AGN systems (with bolometric luminosity $L_{\mathrm{bol}}\gt 10^{42}~\mathrm{erg\, s}^{-1}$) at different scales (defined by the maximum distance between member AGNs) to determine the AGN multiplicity functions. This is defined as the volume/surface density of AGN systems per unit richness R, the number of AGNs in a system. We find that gravitationally bound multiple AGN systems tend to populate scales of ${\lesssim}0.7~\mathrm{cMpc}\, h^{-1}$; this corresponds to angular separations of ≲100 arcsec and a line-of-sight velocity difference ${\lesssim}200~\mathrm{km\, s}^{-1}$. The simulation contains ∼10 and ∼100 triples/quadruples per deg2 up to depths of DESI (g ≲ 24) and LSST (g ≲ 26) imaging, respectively; at least $20{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of these should be detectable in spectroscopic surveys. The simulated quasar ($L_{\mathrm{bol}}\gt 10^{44}~\mathrm{erg\, s}^{-1}$) triples and quadruples predominantly exist at 1.5 ≲ z ≲ 3. Their members have black hole masses $10^{6.5}\lesssim M_{\mathrm{ bh}}\lesssim 10^{9}~\mathrm{M}_{\odot }\, h^{-1}$ and live in separate (one central and multiple satellite) galaxies with stellar masses $10^{10}\lesssim M_{*}\lesssim 10^{12}~\mathrm{M}_{\odot }\, h^{-1}$. They live in the most massive haloes (e.g. ${\sim}10^{13}~\mathrm{M}_{\odot }\, h^{-1}$ at z = 2.5; ${\sim}10^{14}~\mathrm{M}_{\odot }\, h^{-1}$ at z = 1) in the simulation. Their detections provide an exciting prospect for understanding massive black hole growth and their merger rates in galaxies in the era of multimessenger astronomy.},
doi = {10.1093/mnras/staa172},
journal = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society},
number = 4,
volume = 492,
place = {United Kingdom},
year = {2020},
month = {1}
}
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