Off-diagonal correlators of conserved charges from lattice QCD and how to relate them to experiment

Bellwied, R.; Borsányi, S.; Fodor, Z.; Guenther, J. N.; Noronha-Hostler, J.; Parotto, P.; Pásztor, A.; Ratti, C.; Stafford, J. M.

doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.101.034506

Title: Off-diagonal correlators of conserved charges from lattice QCD and how to relate them to experiment

Abstract

Like fluctuations, non-diagonal correlators of conserved charges provide a tool for the study of chemical freeze-out in heavy ion collisions. They can be calculated in thermal equilibrium using lattice simulations, and be connected to moments of event-by-event net-particle multiplicity distributions. We calculate them from continuum extrapolated lattice simulations at µB = 0, and present a finite-µB extrapolation, comparing two different methods. In order to relate the grand canonical observables to the experimentally available net-particle fluctuations and correlations, we perform a Hadron Resonance Gas (HRG) model analysis, which allows us to completely break down the contributions from different hadrons. We then construct suitable hadronic proxies for fluctuations ratios, and study their behavior at finite chemical potentials. We also study the effect of introducing acceptance cuts, and argue that the small dependence of certain ratios on the latter allows for a direct comparison with lattice QCD results, provided that the same cuts are applied to all hadronic species. Finally, we perform a comparison for the constructed quantities for experimentally available measurements from the STAR Collaboration. Thus, we estimate the chemical freeze-out temperature to 165 MeV using a strangeness-related proxy. This is a rather high temperature for the use of the Hadron Resonancemore »« less

Authors:

Bellwied, R.; Borsányi, S.; Fodor, Z.; Guenther, J. N.; Noronha-Hostler, J.;

; Pásztor, A.; Ratti, C.; Stafford, J. M.

Publication Date:: Mon Feb 10 00:00:00 EST 2020

Research Org.:: Univ. of Houston, TX (United States); Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ (United States); Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: German Research Foundation (DFG); Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office (NKFIH); Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF); National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP); Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Ministry of Innovation and Technology; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation

OSTI Identifier:: 1598734

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1800443; OSTI ID: 1836575

Grant/Contract Number:: de-sc0019175; FG02-07ER41521; SC0019175; SFB/TR55; KKP126769; K113034; 05P18PXFCA; PHY-1654219; SC0020633

Resource Type:: Published Article

Journal Name:: Physical Review D

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Physical Review D Journal Volume: 101 Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 2470-0010

Publisher:: American Physical Society

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics; 73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS; Heavy-Ion collisions, chemical freeze-out

Citation Formats


                    Bellwied, R., Borsányi, S., Fodor, Z., Guenther, J. N., Noronha-Hostler, J., Parotto, P., Pásztor, A., Ratti, C., and Stafford, J. M. Off-diagonal correlators of conserved charges from lattice QCD and how to relate them to experiment.  United States: N. p., 2020. 
Web.  doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.101.034506.

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                    Bellwied, R., Borsányi, S., Fodor, Z., Guenther, J. N., Noronha-Hostler, J., Parotto, P., Pásztor, A., Ratti, C., & Stafford, J. M. Off-diagonal correlators of conserved charges from lattice QCD and how to relate them to experiment.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.101.034506

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                    Bellwied, R., Borsányi, S., Fodor, Z., Guenther, J. N., Noronha-Hostler, J., Parotto, P., Pásztor, A., Ratti, C., and Stafford, J. M. Mon .  
"Off-diagonal correlators of conserved charges from lattice QCD and how to relate them to experiment".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.101.034506.

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@article{osti_1598734,

  title        = {Off-diagonal correlators of conserved charges from lattice QCD and how to relate them to experiment},

  author       = {Bellwied, R. and Borsányi, S. and Fodor, Z. and Guenther, J. N. and Noronha-Hostler, J. and Parotto, P. and Pásztor, A. and Ratti, C. and Stafford, J. M.},

  abstractNote = {Like fluctuations, non-diagonal correlators of conserved charges provide a tool for the study of chemical freeze-out in heavy ion collisions. They can be calculated in thermal equilibrium using lattice simulations, and be connected to moments of event-by-event net-particle multiplicity distributions. We calculate them from continuum extrapolated lattice simulations at µB = 0, and present a finite-µB extrapolation, comparing two different methods. In order to relate the grand canonical observables to the experimentally available net-particle fluctuations and correlations, we perform a Hadron Resonance Gas (HRG) model analysis, which allows us to completely break down the contributions from different hadrons. We then construct suitable hadronic proxies for fluctuations ratios, and study their behavior at finite chemical potentials. We also study the effect of introducing acceptance cuts, and argue that the small dependence of certain ratios on the latter allows for a direct comparison with lattice QCD results, provided that the same cuts are applied to all hadronic species. Finally, we perform a comparison for the constructed quantities for experimentally available measurements from the STAR Collaboration. Thus, we estimate the chemical freeze-out temperature to 165 MeV using a strangeness-related proxy. This is a rather high temperature for the use of the Hadron Resonance Gas, thus, further lattice studies are necessary to provide first principle results at intermediate µB.},

  doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevD.101.034506},

  journal      = {Physical Review D},

  number       = 3,

  volume       = 101,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Mon Feb 10 00:00:00 EST 2020},

  month        = {Mon Feb 10 00:00:00 EST 2020}

}

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We analyze the recent STAR collaboration results on net-kaon fluctuations in the framework of the Hadron Resonance Gas (HRG) model. Our purpose is to extract the freeze-out temperature and chemical potential as functions of the collision energy. In our HRG model, we use the complete hadron spectrum from the latest PDG list. These results are compared to the freeze-out parameters obtained from a combined analysis of net-electric charge and net-proton fluctuations. At the highest collision energies, kaons need about 10-15 MeV higher freeze-out temperatures than the light hadrons. Predictions for moment ratios of the net-Lambda multiplicity distribution are obtained alongmore »« less
Cited by 1
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2018.10.008

Full Text Available
Influence of hadronic resonances on the chemical freeze-out in heavy-ion collisions

Journal Article Alba, P. ; Sarti, V. Mantovani ; Noronha-Hostler, J. ; ... - Physical Review C

Detailed knowledge of the hadronic spectrum is still an open question, which has phenomenological consequences on the study of heavy-ion collisions. A previous lattice QCD study concluded that additional strange resonances are missing in the currently tabulated lists provided by the Particle Data Group (PDG). That study identified the list labeled PDG2016+ as the ideal spectrum to be used as an input in thermal-model-based analyses. In this work, we determine the effect of additional resonances on the freeze-out parameters of systems created in heavy-ion collisions. These parameters are obtained from thermal fits of particle yields and net-particle fluctuations. For amore »« less
Cited by 21
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.101.054905
Cross-Correlators of Conserved Charges in QCD

Journal Article Bellwied, Rene ; Borsanyi, Szabolcs ; Fodor, Zoltan ; ... - Springer Proceedings in Physics

We present cross-correlators of QCD conserved charges at µ_B = 0 from lattice simulations and perform a Hadron Resonance Gas (HRG) model analysis to break down the hadronic contributions to these correlators. We construct a suitable hadronic proxy for the ratio –χmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53448-6_28

Full Text Available

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Title: Off-diagonal correlators of conserved charges from lattice QCD and how to relate them to experiment

Abstract

Citation Formats

QCD at finite temperature and chemical potential from Dyson–Schwinger equations journal, March 2019

Influence of impact parameter on thermal description of relativistic heavy ion collisions at ( 1 – 2 ) A GeV journal, March 1999

Revealing baryon number fluctuations from proton number fluctuations in relativistic heavy ion collisions journal, February 2012

Phase boundary for the chiral transition in ( 2 + 1 )-flavor QCD at small values of the chemical potential journal, January 2011

Review of Particle Physics journal, October 2016

The Lefschetz thimble and the sign problem conference, July 2016

Finite density QCD via an imaginary chemical potential journal, January 2003

Fluctuations, strangeness, and quasiquarks in heavy-ion collisions from lattice QCD journal, January 2006

Recent results on QCD thermodynamics: lattice QCD versus Hadron Resonance Gas model journal, April 2011

Higher order fluctuations and correlations of conserved charges from lattice QCD journal, October 2018

Thermal hadron production in relativistic nuclear collisions: The hadron mass spectrum, the horn, and the QCD phase transition journal, March 2009

Fluctuations of conserved charges at finite temperature from lattice QCD journal, January 2012

Freeze-Out Parameters: Lattice Meets Experiment journal, August 2013

Sign of Kurtosis near the QCD Critical Point journal, July 2011

Curvature of the chiral pseudocritical line in QCD: Continuum extrapolated results journal, September 2015

Collision energy dependence of moments of net-kaon multiplicity distributions at RHIC journal, October 2018

Thermal properties of interacting hadrons journal, September 1992

QCD equation of state to O ( μ B 6 ) from lattice QCD journal, March 2017

Lattice determination of the critical point of QCD at finite T and μ journal, March 2002

Event-by-event fluctuations in heavy ion collisions and the QCD critical point journal, November 1999

Recent Results and Methods on Higher Order and Off-diagonal Cumulants of Identified Net-particle Multiplicity Distributions in Au+Au Collisions at STAR journal, February 2019

Thermodynamics at non-zero baryon number density: a comparison of lattice and hadron resonance gas model calculations journal, October 2003

Calculating the equation of state of dense quark-gluon plasma using the complex Langevin equation journal, October 2019

Critical point of QCD at finite T and , lattice results for physical quark masses journal, April 2004

Freeze-out conditions from strangeness observables at RHIC journal, February 2019

Curvature of the pseudocritical line in QCD: Taylor expansion matches analytic continuation journal, September 2018

Beam Energy Dependence of Moments of the Net-Charge Multiplicity Distributions in Au + Au Collisions at RHIC journal, August 2014

Freeze-out temperature from net-kaon fluctuations at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider journal, March 2019

QCD phase diagram: A comparison of lattice and hadron resonance gas model calculations journal, March 2005

High-precision scale setting in lattice QCD journal, September 2012

Chemical freeze-out and the QCD phase transition temperature journal, August 2004

Thermodynamics of two flavor QCD to sixth order in quark chemical potential journal, March 2005

Freeze-out conditions from net-proton and net-charge fluctuations at RHIC journal, November 2014

Energy Dependence of Moments of Net-Proton Multiplicity Distributions at RHIC journal, January 2014

Strangeness at High Temperatures: From Hadrons to Quarks journal, August 2013

Fluctuations and correlations in high temperature QCD journal, December 2015

S -Matrix Formulation of Statistical Mechanics journal, November 1969

Strangeness neutrality and baryon-strangeness correlations journal, December 2019

Baryon number fluctuations in the QCD phase diagram from Dyson-Schwinger equations journal, October 2019

Erratum to “Thermal hadron production in relativistic nuclear collisions: The hadron mass spectrum, the horn, and the QCD phase transition” [Phys. Lett. B 673 (2009) 142] journal, August 2009

The QCD equation of state at finite density from analytical continuation journal, November 2017

The order of the quantum chromodynamics transition predicted by the standard model of particle physics journal, October 2006

Fluctuations and correlations of net baryon number, electric charge, and strangeness: A comparison of lattice QCD results with the hadron resonance gas model journal, August 2012

Repulsive baryonic interactions and lattice QCD observables at imaginary chemical potential journal, December 2017

Identified particle production, azimuthal anisotropy, and interferometry measurements in Au + Au collisions at s NN = 9 . 2 GeV journal, February 2010

Freeze-Out Conditions in Heavy Ion Collisions from QCD Thermodynamics journal, November 2012

QCD equation of state at nonzero chemical potential: continuum results with physical quark masses at order μ 2 journal, August 2012

The QCD Critical Point: Marching towards continuum journal, May 2013

Centrality dependence of thermal parameters deduced from hadron multiplicities in Au + Au collisions at s NN = 130 GeV journal, May 2005

Impact of resonance regeneration and decay on the net proton fluctuations in a hadron resonance gas journal, December 2015

Chemical potential on the lattice journal, June 1983

QCD thermal phase transition in the presence of a small chemical potential journal, October 2002

Chiral and deconfinement aspects of the QCD transition journal, March 2012

QCD thermodynamics with three flavors of improved staggered quarks journal, February 2005

Chemical freeze-out in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions at s NN = 130 and 200 GeV journal, November 2008

Freeze-Out Parameters from Electric Charge and Baryon Number Fluctuations: Is There Consistency? journal, July 2014

Higher order quark number fluctuations via imaginary chemical potentials in N f = 2 + 1 QCD journal, May 2017

QCD at finite chemical potential with six time slices journal, December 2008

Multiplicity fluctuations in hadron-resonance gas journal, October 2006

A new method to study lattice QCD at finite temperature and chemical potential journal, May 2002

Calculation of the axion mass based on high-temperature lattice quantum chromodynamics journal, November 2016

Erratum: Relation between baryon number fluctuations and experimentally observed proton number fluctuations in relativistic heavy ion collisions [Phys. Rev. C 86 , 024904 (2012)] journal, December 2012

Sensitivity of multiplicity fluctuations to freeze-out conditions in heavy ion collisions journal, December 2015

Constraining the hadronic spectrum through QCD thermodynamics on the lattice journal, August 2017

Critical line of 2 + 1 flavor QCD: Toward the continuum limit journal, January 2016

Effect of the QCD equation of state and strange hadronic resonances on multiparticle correlations in heavy ion collisions journal, September 2018

The QCD phase diagram for small densities from imaginary chemical potential journal, October 2002

The QCD transition temperature: results with physical masses in the continuum limit II journal, June 2009

The QCD phase diagram from analytic continuation journal, December 2015

Determination of freeze-out conditions from lattice QCD calculations journal, January 2012

Is there still any T c mystery in lattice QCD? Results with physical masses in the continuum limit III journal, September 2010

Diagonal and off-diagonal quark number susceptibilities at high temperatures journal, October 2015

Diagonal and off-diagonal susceptibilities of conserved quantities in relativistic heavy-ion collisions journal, October 2016

Hadron resonance mass spectrum and lattice QCD thermodynamics journal, August 2003

Scaling properties at freeze-out in relativistic heavy-ion collisions journal, March 2011

Lattice QCD and heavy ion collisions: a review of recent progress journal, July 2018

QCD equation of state at non-zero chemical potential conference, June 2009

QCD at finite temperature and chemical potential from Dyson–Schwinger equations
journal, March 2019

Influence of impact parameter on thermal description of relativistic heavy ion collisions at $(1 - 2) A GeV$
journal, March 1999

Revealing baryon number fluctuations from proton number fluctuations in relativistic heavy ion collisions
journal, February 2012

Phase boundary for the chiral transition in ( $2 + 1$ )-flavor QCD at small values of the chemical potential
journal, January 2011

Review of Particle Physics
journal, October 2016

The Lefschetz thimble and the sign problem
conference, July 2016

Finite density QCD via an imaginary chemical potential
journal, January 2003

Fluctuations, strangeness, and quasiquarks in heavy-ion collisions from lattice QCD
journal, January 2006

Recent results on QCD thermodynamics: lattice QCD versus Hadron Resonance Gas model
journal, April 2011

Higher order fluctuations and correlations of conserved charges from lattice QCD
journal, October 2018

Thermal hadron production in relativistic nuclear collisions: The hadron mass spectrum, the horn, and the QCD phase transition
journal, March 2009

Fluctuations of conserved charges at finite temperature from lattice QCD
journal, January 2012

Freeze-Out Parameters: Lattice Meets Experiment
journal, August 2013

Sign of Kurtosis near the QCD Critical Point
journal, July 2011

Curvature of the chiral pseudocritical line in QCD: Continuum extrapolated results
journal, September 2015

Collision energy dependence of moments of net-kaon multiplicity distributions at RHIC
journal, October 2018

Thermal properties of interacting hadrons
journal, September 1992

QCD equation of state to $O (μ_{B}^{6})$ from lattice QCD
journal, March 2017

Lattice determination of the critical point of QCD at finite T and μ
journal, March 2002

Event-by-event fluctuations in heavy ion collisions and the QCD critical point
journal, November 1999

Recent Results and Methods on Higher Order and Off-diagonal Cumulants of Identified Net-particle Multiplicity Distributions in Au+Au Collisions at STAR
journal, February 2019

Thermodynamics at non-zero baryon number density: a comparison of lattice and hadron resonance gas model calculations
journal, October 2003

Calculating the equation of state of dense quark-gluon plasma using the complex Langevin equation
journal, October 2019

Critical point of QCD at finite T and , lattice results for physical quark masses
journal, April 2004

Freeze-out conditions from strangeness observables at RHIC
journal, February 2019

Curvature of the pseudocritical line in QCD: Taylor expansion matches analytic continuation
journal, September 2018

Beam Energy Dependence of Moments of the Net-Charge Multiplicity Distributions in $Au + Au$ Collisions at RHIC
journal, August 2014

Freeze-out temperature from net-kaon fluctuations at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
journal, March 2019

QCD phase diagram: A comparison of lattice and hadron resonance gas model calculations
journal, March 2005

High-precision scale setting in lattice QCD
journal, September 2012

Chemical freeze-out and the QCD phase transition temperature
journal, August 2004

Thermodynamics of two flavor QCD to sixth order in quark chemical potential
journal, March 2005

Freeze-out conditions from net-proton and net-charge fluctuations at RHIC
journal, November 2014

Energy Dependence of Moments of Net-Proton Multiplicity Distributions at RHIC
journal, January 2014

Strangeness at High Temperatures: From Hadrons to Quarks
journal, August 2013

Fluctuations and correlations in high temperature QCD
journal, December 2015

$S$ -Matrix Formulation of Statistical Mechanics
journal, November 1969

Strangeness neutrality and baryon-strangeness correlations
journal, December 2019

Baryon number fluctuations in the QCD phase diagram from Dyson-Schwinger equations
journal, October 2019

Erratum to “Thermal hadron production in relativistic nuclear collisions: The hadron mass spectrum, the horn, and the QCD phase transition” [Phys. Lett. B 673 (2009) 142]
journal, August 2009

The QCD equation of state at finite density from analytical continuation
journal, November 2017

The order of the quantum chromodynamics transition predicted by the standard model of particle physics
journal, October 2006

Fluctuations and correlations of net baryon number, electric charge, and strangeness: A comparison of lattice QCD results with the hadron resonance gas model
journal, August 2012

Repulsive baryonic interactions and lattice QCD observables at imaginary chemical potential
journal, December 2017

Identified particle production, azimuthal anisotropy, and interferometry measurements in $Au + Au$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 9.2$ GeV
journal, February 2010

Freeze-Out Conditions in Heavy Ion Collisions from QCD Thermodynamics
journal, November 2012

QCD equation of state at nonzero chemical potential: continuum results with physical quark masses at order μ 2
journal, August 2012

The QCD Critical Point: Marching towards continuum
journal, May 2013

Centrality dependence of thermal parameters deduced from hadron multiplicities in $Au + Au$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 130 GeV$
journal, May 2005

Impact of resonance regeneration and decay on the net proton fluctuations in a hadron resonance gas
journal, December 2015

Chemical potential on the lattice
journal, June 1983

QCD thermal phase transition in the presence of a small chemical potential
journal, October 2002

Chiral and deconfinement aspects of the QCD transition
journal, March 2012

QCD thermodynamics with three flavors of improved staggered quarks
journal, February 2005

Chemical freeze-out in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 130$ and 200 GeV
journal, November 2008

Freeze-Out Parameters from Electric Charge and Baryon Number Fluctuations: Is There Consistency?
journal, July 2014

Higher order quark number fluctuations via imaginary chemical potentials in $N_{f} = 2 + 1$ QCD
journal, May 2017

QCD at finite chemical potential with six time slices
journal, December 2008

Multiplicity fluctuations in hadron-resonance gas
journal, October 2006

A new method to study lattice QCD at finite temperature and chemical potential
journal, May 2002

Calculation of the axion mass based on high-temperature lattice quantum chromodynamics
journal, November 2016

Erratum: Relation between baryon number fluctuations and experimentally observed proton number fluctuations in relativistic heavy ion collisions [Phys. Rev. C 86 , 024904 (2012)]
journal, December 2012

Sensitivity of multiplicity fluctuations to freeze-out conditions in heavy ion collisions
journal, December 2015

Constraining the hadronic spectrum through QCD thermodynamics on the lattice
journal, August 2017

Critical line of $2 + 1$ flavor QCD: Toward the continuum limit
journal, January 2016

Effect of the QCD equation of state and strange hadronic resonances on multiparticle correlations in heavy ion collisions
journal, September 2018

The QCD phase diagram for small densities from imaginary chemical potential
journal, October 2002

The QCD transition temperature: results with physical masses in the continuum limit II
journal, June 2009

The QCD phase diagram from analytic continuation
journal, December 2015

Determination of freeze-out conditions from lattice QCD calculations
journal, January 2012

Is there still any T c mystery in lattice QCD? Results with physical masses in the continuum limit III
journal, September 2010

Diagonal and off-diagonal quark number susceptibilities at high temperatures
journal, October 2015

Diagonal and off-diagonal susceptibilities of conserved quantities in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
journal, October 2016

Hadron resonance mass spectrum and lattice QCD thermodynamics
journal, August 2003

Scaling properties at freeze-out in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
journal, March 2011

Lattice QCD and heavy ion collisions: a review of recent progress
journal, July 2018

QCD equation of state at non-zero chemical potential
conference, June 2009

Resolving the Antibaryon-Production Puzzle in High-Energy Heavy-Ion Collisions
journal, April 2001

Relation between baryon number fluctuations and experimentally observed proton number fluctuations in relativistic heavy ion collisions
journal, August 2012