Statistics of the charge spectrum of photo-multipliers and methods for absolute calibration

Diwan, M. V.

doi:10.1088/1748-0221/15/02/P02001

Title: Statistics of the charge spectrum of photo-multipliers and methods for absolute calibration

Abstract

We derive the full expression for the shape of the charge spectrum that results from the illumination of a photo-multiplier tube. The derivation is for low intensity illumination with constant gain, a common condition for most nuclear and particle physics applications. Under these conditions, it is shown that an analytic expression can be formulated that describes details of the spectrum including the pedestal and dark noise with excellent fidelity to allow statistical fits to data. The derivation and full formula using either Gaussian or Poisson models for gain, and its limiting forms under various simplifying assumptions are presented with strategies on their use. The analytic description can be used to formulate data acquisition strategies to perform precise absolute calibration of photo-multipliers, the digitizers, and the data acquisition system.

Authors:

Diwan, M. V. ^[1]

Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Publication Date:: 2020-02-04

Research Org.:: Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)

OSTI Identifier:: 1597249

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1592161

Report Number(s):: BNL-213607-2020-JAAM; arXiv:1909.05373; BNL-212076-2019-FORE; FERMILAB-FN-1087-PPD
Journal ID: ISSN 1748-0221; TRN: US2103066

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012704; AC02-07CH11359

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Journal of Instrumentation

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 15; Journal Issue: 02; Journal ID: ISSN 1748-0221

Publisher:: Institute of Physics (IOP)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS; 46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY; 72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS; Analysis and statistical methods; Photon detectors for UV visible and IR photons (vacuum); Photon detectors for UV visible and IR photons (vacuum) (photomultipliers HPDs others); Photon detectors for UV visible and IR photons (solid-state)

Citation Formats


                    Diwan, M. V. Statistics of the charge spectrum of photo-multipliers and methods for absolute calibration.  United States: N. p., 2020. 
Web.  doi:10.1088/1748-0221/15/02/P02001.

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                    Diwan, M. V. Statistics of the charge spectrum of photo-multipliers and methods for absolute calibration.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/15/02/P02001

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                    Diwan, M. V. Tue .  
"Statistics of the charge spectrum of photo-multipliers and methods for absolute calibration".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/15/02/P02001.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1597249.

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@article{osti_1597249,

  title        = {Statistics of the charge spectrum of photo-multipliers and methods for absolute calibration},

  author       = {Diwan, M. V.},

  abstractNote = {We derive the full expression for the shape of the charge spectrum that results from the illumination of a photo-multiplier tube. The derivation is for low intensity illumination with constant gain, a common condition for most nuclear and particle physics applications. Under these conditions, it is shown that an analytic expression can be formulated that describes details of the spectrum including the pedestal and dark noise with excellent fidelity to allow statistical fits to data. The derivation and full formula using either Gaussian or Poisson models for gain, and its limiting forms under various simplifying assumptions are presented with strategies on their use. The analytic description can be used to formulate data acquisition strategies to perform precise absolute calibration of photo-multipliers, the digitizers, and the data acquisition system.},

  doi          = {10.1088/1748-0221/15/02/P02001},

  journal      = {Journal of Instrumentation},

  number       = 02,

  volume       = 15,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2020},

  month        = {2}

}

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Works referenced in this record:

Absolute calibration and monitoring of a spectrometric channel using a photomultiplier
journal, February 1994

Bellamy, E. H.; Bellettini, G.; Budagov, J.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 339, Issue 3
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Review of Particle Physics
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Tanabashi, M.; Hagiwara, K.; Hikasa, K.
Physical Review D, Vol. 98, Issue 3
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The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
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Boger, J.; Hahn, R. L.; Rowley, J. K.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 449, Issue 1-2
DOI: 10.1016/S0168-9002(99)01469-2

The Super-Kamiokande detector
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Fukuda, S.; Fukuda, Y.; Hayakawa, T.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 501, Issue 2-3
DOI: 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00425-X

Low‐energy electron transport in alkali halides
journal, October 1994

Akkerman, A.; Boutboul, T.; Breskin, A.
Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 76, Issue 8
DOI: 10.1063/1.357303

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Title: Statistics of the charge spectrum of photo-multipliers and methods for absolute calibration

Abstract

Citation Formats

Absolute calibration and monitoring of a spectrometric channel using a photomultiplier journal, February 1994

Review of Particle Physics journal, August 2018

The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory journal, July 2000

The Super-Kamiokande detector journal, April 2003

Low‐energy electron transport in alkali halides journal, October 1994

Absolute calibration and monitoring of a spectrometric channel using a photomultiplier
journal, February 1994

Review of Particle Physics
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journal, April 2003

Low‐energy electron transport in alkali halides
journal, October 1994