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Title: Self-Generated Magnetic and Electric Fields at a Mach-6 Shock Front in a Low Density Helium Gas by Dual-Angle Proton Radiography

Abstract

Shocks are abundant both in astrophysical and laboratory systems. While the electric fields generated at shock fronts have recently attracted great attention, the associated self-generated magnetic field is rarely studied, despite its ability to significantly affect the shock profile in the nonideal geometry where density and temperature gradients are not parallel. We report here the observation of a magnetic field at the front of a Mach ~6 shock propagating in a low-density helium gas system. Proton radiography from different projection angles not only confirms the magnetic field’s existence, but also provides a quantitative measurement of the field strength in the range ~5 to 7 T. X-ray spectrometry allowed inference of the density and temperature at the shock front, constraining the plasma conditions under which the magnetic and electric fields are generated. Furthermore, simulations with the particle-in-cell code lsp attribute the self-generation of the magnetic field to the Biermann battery effect (∇ne × ∇Te).

Authors:
 [1];  [1];  [2];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [2];  [3];  [3];  [3];  [2]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Univ. of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA (United States)
  2. Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
  3. Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
OSTI Identifier:
1597235
Report Number(s):
LLNL-JRNL-773469
Journal ID: ISSN 0031-9007; PRLTAO; 965755
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC52-07NA27344; SC0014600; LFR-17-449059
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Physical Review Letters
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 123; Journal Issue: 21; Journal ID: ISSN 0031-9007
Publisher:
American Physical Society (APS)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY; High-energy-density plasmas; Magnetic field generation & plasma dynamo; Shock waves & discontinuities in plasma

Citation Formats

Hua, R., Kim, J., Sherlock, M., Bailly-Grandvaux, M., Beg, F. N., McGuffey, C., Wilks, S., Wen, H., Joglekar, A., Mori, W., and Ping, Y. Self-Generated Magnetic and Electric Fields at a Mach-6 Shock Front in a Low Density Helium Gas by Dual-Angle Proton Radiography. United States: N. p., 2019. Web. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.215001.
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Hua, R., Kim, J., Sherlock, M., Bailly-Grandvaux, M., Beg, F. N., McGuffey, C., Wilks, S., Wen, H., Joglekar, A., Mori, W., & Ping, Y. Self-Generated Magnetic and Electric Fields at a Mach-6 Shock Front in a Low Density Helium Gas by Dual-Angle Proton Radiography. United States. doi:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.215001
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Hua, R., Kim, J., Sherlock, M., Bailly-Grandvaux, M., Beg, F. N., McGuffey, C., Wilks, S., Wen, H., Joglekar, A., Mori, W., and Ping, Y. Thu . "Self-Generated Magnetic and Electric Fields at a Mach-6 Shock Front in a Low Density Helium Gas by Dual-Angle Proton Radiography". United States. doi:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.215001. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1597235.
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@article{osti_1597235,
title = {Self-Generated Magnetic and Electric Fields at a Mach-6 Shock Front in a Low Density Helium Gas by Dual-Angle Proton Radiography},
author = {Hua, R. and Kim, J. and Sherlock, M. and Bailly-Grandvaux, M. and Beg, F. N. and McGuffey, C. and Wilks, S. and Wen, H. and Joglekar, A. and Mori, W. and Ping, Y.},
abstractNote = {Shocks are abundant both in astrophysical and laboratory systems. While the electric fields generated at shock fronts have recently attracted great attention, the associated self-generated magnetic field is rarely studied, despite its ability to significantly affect the shock profile in the nonideal geometry where density and temperature gradients are not parallel. We report here the observation of a magnetic field at the front of a Mach ~6 shock propagating in a low-density helium gas system. Proton radiography from different projection angles not only confirms the magnetic field’s existence, but also provides a quantitative measurement of the field strength in the range ~5 to 7 T. X-ray spectrometry allowed inference of the density and temperature at the shock front, constraining the plasma conditions under which the magnetic and electric fields are generated. Furthermore, simulations with the particle-in-cell code lsp attribute the self-generation of the magnetic field to the Biermann battery effect (∇ne × ∇Te).},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.215001},
journal = {Physical Review Letters},
number = 21,
volume = 123,
place = {United States},
year = {2019},
month = {11}
}
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DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.215001
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