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Title: Evidence That the Directly Imaged Planet HD 131399 Ab Is a Background Star

Abstract

Herein we present evidence that the recently discovered, directly imaged planet HD 131399 Ab is a background star with nonzero proper motion. From new JHK1L' photometry and spectroscopy obtained with the Gemini Planet Imager, VLT/SPHERE, and Keck/NIRC2, and a reanalysis of the discovery data obtained with VLT/SPHERE, we derive colors, spectra, and astrometry for HD 131399 Ab. The broader wavelength coverage and higher data quality allow us to reinvestigate its status. Its near-infrared spectral energy distribution excludes spectral types later than L0 and is consistent with a K or M dwarf, which are the most likely candidates for a background object in this direction at the apparent magnitude observed. If it were a physically associated object, the projected velocity of HD 131399 Ab would exceed escape velocity given the mass and distance to HD 131399 A. We show that HD 131399 Ab is also not following the expected track for a stationary background star at infinite distance. Solving for the proper motion and parallax required to explain the relative motion of HD 131399 Ab, we find a proper motion of 12.3 mas yr–1. When compared to predicted background objects drawn from a galactic model, we find this proper motion tomore » be high but consistent with the top 4% fastest-moving background stars. From our analysis, we conclude that HD 131399 Ab is a background K or M dwarf.« less

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [3]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [4]; ORCiD logo [5];  [6]; ORCiD logo [7]; ORCiD logo [3];  [8]; ORCiD logo [9]; ORCiD logo [10]; ORCiD logo [11]; ORCiD logo [12];  [3]; ORCiD logo [13];  [14]; ORCiD logo [15]; ORCiD logo [16] more »; ORCiD logo [5]; ORCiD logo [17];  [2]; ORCiD logo [18]; ORCiD logo [19]; ORCiD logo [20]; ORCiD logo [15]; ORCiD logo [21]; ORCiD logo [22];  [23]; ORCiD logo [24]; ORCiD logo [15]; ORCiD logo [8];  [22]; ORCiD logo [25]; ORCiD logo [26]; ORCiD logo [27];  [28]; ORCiD logo [29]; ORCiD logo [7];  [30]; ORCiD logo [31];  [7];  [31]; ORCiD logo [32]; ORCiD logo [30]; ORCiD logo [19]; ORCiD logo [8]; ORCiD logo [33]; ORCiD logo [30]; ORCiD logo [31]; ORCiD logo [12]; ORCiD logo [31]; ORCiD logo [21];  [4]; ORCiD logo [30]; ORCiD logo [28]; ORCiD logo [34] « less
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Carl Sagan Center, Mountain View, CA (United States). SETI Inst.; Stanford Univ., CA (United States)
  2. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
  3. Univ. of Montreal, QC (Canada)
  4. California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Jet Propulsion Lab. (JPL)
  5. National Research Council of Canada, Victoria, BC (Canada); Univ. of Victoria, BC (Canada)
  6. Aix Marseille Univ. (France). Lab. d’Astrophysique de Marseille
  7. Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
  8. Stanford Univ., CA (United States)
  9. Carl Sagan Center, Mountain View, CA (United States). SETI Inst.; Stanford Univ., CA (United States); Brown Univ., Providence, RI (United States)
  10. National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Hilo, HI (United States). Subaru Telescope
  11. Univ. of Toronto, ON (Canada)
  12. Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA (United States)
  13. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. Grenoble Alpes/CNRS, Grenoble (France)
  14. Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States)
  15. Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)
  16. Merrill Science Center, Amherst, MA (United States)
  17. Gemini Observatory, Hilo, HI (United States)
  18. Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)
  19. Gemini Observatory, La Serena (Chile)
  20. Univ. of Exeter (United Kingdom)
  21. Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, Tucson, AZ (United States)
  22. California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)
  23. Carl Sagan Center, Mountain View, CA (United States). SETI Inst.; Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
  24. Univ. of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (United States)
  25. Carl Sagan Center, Mountain View, CA (United States). SETI Inst.
  26. Univ. of Western Ontario, London, ON (Canada); Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States)
  27. Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States)
  28. Univ. of California, Santa Cruz, CA (United States)
  29. American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY (United States)
  30. Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ (United States)
  31. Space Telescope Science Inst., Baltimore, MD (United States)
  32. Univ. of Cambridge (United Kingdom); Inst. for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ (United States)
  33. Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States)
  34. Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); National Science Foundation (NSF)
Contributing Org.:
The GPIES Team
OSTI Identifier:
1597225
Report Number(s):
LLNL-JRNL-804134
Journal ID: ISSN 1538-3881; 1007285; TRN: US2103054
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC52-07NA27344; 51378.01-A; NAS5-26555; AST-1411868; AST-141378; AST-1518332; NNX14AJ80G; NNX15AC89G; NNX15AD95G; NNX16AD44G
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
The Astronomical Journal (Online)
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: The Astronomical Journal (Online); Journal Volume: 154; Journal Issue: 6; Journal ID: ISSN 1538-3881
Publisher:
IOP Publishing - AAAS
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; astrometry; instrumentation: adaptive optics; planets and satellites: detection; stars: individual (HD 131399); techniques: image processing; techniques: spectroscopic

Citation Formats

Nielsen, Eric L., Rosa, Robert J. De, Rameau, Julien, Wang, Jason J., Esposito, Thomas M., Millar-Blanchaer, Maxwell A., Marois, Christian, Vigan, Arthur, Ammons, S. Mark, Artigau, Etienne, Bailey, Vanessa P., Blunt, Sarah, Bulger, Joanna, Chilcote, Jeffrey, Cotten, Tara, Doyon, René, Duchêne, Gaspard, Fabrycky, Daniel, Fitzgerald, Michael P., Follette, Katherine B., Gerard, Benjamin L., Goodsell, Stephen J., Graham, James R., Greenbaum, Alexandra Z., Hibon, Pascale, Hinkley, Sasha, Hung, Li-Wei, Ingraham, Patrick, Jensen-Clem, Rebecca, Kalas, Paul, Konopacky, Quinn, Larkin, James E., Macintosh, Bruce, Maire, Jérôme, Marchis, Franck, Metchev, Stanimir, Morzinski, Katie M., Murray-Clay, Ruth A., Oppenheimer, Rebecca, Palmer, David, Patience, Jennifer, Perrin, Marshall, Poyneer, Lisa, Pueyo, Laurent, Rafikov, Roman R., Rajan, Abhijith, Rantakyrö, Fredrik T., Ruffio, Jean-Baptiste, Savransky, Dmitry, Schneider, Adam C., Sivaramakrishnan, Anand, Song, Inseok, Soummer, Remi, Thomas, Sandrine, Wallace, J. Kent, Ward-Duong, Kimberly, Wiktorowicz, Sloane, and Wolff, Schuyler. Evidence That the Directly Imaged Planet HD 131399 Ab Is a Background Star. United States: N. p., 2017. Web. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa8a69.
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Nielsen, Eric L., Rosa, Robert J. De, Rameau, Julien, Wang, Jason J., Esposito, Thomas M., Millar-Blanchaer, Maxwell A., Marois, Christian, Vigan, Arthur, Ammons, S. Mark, Artigau, Etienne, Bailey, Vanessa P., Blunt, Sarah, Bulger, Joanna, Chilcote, Jeffrey, Cotten, Tara, Doyon, René, Duchêne, Gaspard, Fabrycky, Daniel, Fitzgerald, Michael P., Follette, Katherine B., Gerard, Benjamin L., Goodsell, Stephen J., Graham, James R., Greenbaum, Alexandra Z., Hibon, Pascale, Hinkley, Sasha, Hung, Li-Wei, Ingraham, Patrick, Jensen-Clem, Rebecca, Kalas, Paul, Konopacky, Quinn, Larkin, James E., Macintosh, Bruce, Maire, Jérôme, Marchis, Franck, Metchev, Stanimir, Morzinski, Katie M., Murray-Clay, Ruth A., Oppenheimer, Rebecca, Palmer, David, Patience, Jennifer, Perrin, Marshall, Poyneer, Lisa, Pueyo, Laurent, Rafikov, Roman R., Rajan, Abhijith, Rantakyrö, Fredrik T., Ruffio, Jean-Baptiste, Savransky, Dmitry, Schneider, Adam C., Sivaramakrishnan, Anand, Song, Inseok, Soummer, Remi, Thomas, Sandrine, Wallace, J. Kent, Ward-Duong, Kimberly, Wiktorowicz, Sloane, & Wolff, Schuyler. Evidence That the Directly Imaged Planet HD 131399 Ab Is a Background Star. United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/aa8a69
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Nielsen, Eric L., Rosa, Robert J. De, Rameau, Julien, Wang, Jason J., Esposito, Thomas M., Millar-Blanchaer, Maxwell A., Marois, Christian, Vigan, Arthur, Ammons, S. Mark, Artigau, Etienne, Bailey, Vanessa P., Blunt, Sarah, Bulger, Joanna, Chilcote, Jeffrey, Cotten, Tara, Doyon, René, Duchêne, Gaspard, Fabrycky, Daniel, Fitzgerald, Michael P., Follette, Katherine B., Gerard, Benjamin L., Goodsell, Stephen J., Graham, James R., Greenbaum, Alexandra Z., Hibon, Pascale, Hinkley, Sasha, Hung, Li-Wei, Ingraham, Patrick, Jensen-Clem, Rebecca, Kalas, Paul, Konopacky, Quinn, Larkin, James E., Macintosh, Bruce, Maire, Jérôme, Marchis, Franck, Metchev, Stanimir, Morzinski, Katie M., Murray-Clay, Ruth A., Oppenheimer, Rebecca, Palmer, David, Patience, Jennifer, Perrin, Marshall, Poyneer, Lisa, Pueyo, Laurent, Rafikov, Roman R., Rajan, Abhijith, Rantakyrö, Fredrik T., Ruffio, Jean-Baptiste, Savransky, Dmitry, Schneider, Adam C., Sivaramakrishnan, Anand, Song, Inseok, Soummer, Remi, Thomas, Sandrine, Wallace, J. Kent, Ward-Duong, Kimberly, Wiktorowicz, Sloane, and Wolff, Schuyler. Wed . "Evidence That the Directly Imaged Planet HD 131399 Ab Is a Background Star". United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/aa8a69. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1597225.
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@article{osti_1597225,
title = {Evidence That the Directly Imaged Planet HD 131399 Ab Is a Background Star},
author = {Nielsen, Eric L. and Rosa, Robert J. De and Rameau, Julien and Wang, Jason J. and Esposito, Thomas M. and Millar-Blanchaer, Maxwell A. and Marois, Christian and Vigan, Arthur and Ammons, S. Mark and Artigau, Etienne and Bailey, Vanessa P. and Blunt, Sarah and Bulger, Joanna and Chilcote, Jeffrey and Cotten, Tara and Doyon, René and Duchêne, Gaspard and Fabrycky, Daniel and Fitzgerald, Michael P. and Follette, Katherine B. and Gerard, Benjamin L. and Goodsell, Stephen J. and Graham, James R. and Greenbaum, Alexandra Z. and Hibon, Pascale and Hinkley, Sasha and Hung, Li-Wei and Ingraham, Patrick and Jensen-Clem, Rebecca and Kalas, Paul and Konopacky, Quinn and Larkin, James E. and Macintosh, Bruce and Maire, Jérôme and Marchis, Franck and Metchev, Stanimir and Morzinski, Katie M. and Murray-Clay, Ruth A. and Oppenheimer, Rebecca and Palmer, David and Patience, Jennifer and Perrin, Marshall and Poyneer, Lisa and Pueyo, Laurent and Rafikov, Roman R. and Rajan, Abhijith and Rantakyrö, Fredrik T. and Ruffio, Jean-Baptiste and Savransky, Dmitry and Schneider, Adam C. and Sivaramakrishnan, Anand and Song, Inseok and Soummer, Remi and Thomas, Sandrine and Wallace, J. Kent and Ward-Duong, Kimberly and Wiktorowicz, Sloane and Wolff, Schuyler},
abstractNote = {Herein we present evidence that the recently discovered, directly imaged planet HD 131399 Ab is a background star with nonzero proper motion. From new JHK1L' photometry and spectroscopy obtained with the Gemini Planet Imager, VLT/SPHERE, and Keck/NIRC2, and a reanalysis of the discovery data obtained with VLT/SPHERE, we derive colors, spectra, and astrometry for HD 131399 Ab. The broader wavelength coverage and higher data quality allow us to reinvestigate its status. Its near-infrared spectral energy distribution excludes spectral types later than L0 and is consistent with a K or M dwarf, which are the most likely candidates for a background object in this direction at the apparent magnitude observed. If it were a physically associated object, the projected velocity of HD 131399 Ab would exceed escape velocity given the mass and distance to HD 131399 A. We show that HD 131399 Ab is also not following the expected track for a stationary background star at infinite distance. Solving for the proper motion and parallax required to explain the relative motion of HD 131399 Ab, we find a proper motion of 12.3 mas yr–1. When compared to predicted background objects drawn from a galactic model, we find this proper motion to be high but consistent with the top 4% fastest-moving background stars. From our analysis, we conclude that HD 131399 Ab is a background K or M dwarf.},
doi = {10.3847/1538-3881/aa8a69},
journal = {The Astronomical Journal (Online)},
number = 6,
volume = 154,
place = {United States},
year = {2017},
month = {11}
}
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Spectrophotometric Libraries, Revised Photonic Passbands, and Zero Points for UBVRI , Hipparcos , and Tycho Photometry
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