Observation of inverse Compton emission from a long γ-ray burst

Journal Article · 20 November 2019 · Nature (London)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1754-6 · OSTI ID:1596639

Veres, P.; Bhat, P. N.; Briggs, M. S.; Cleveland, W. H.; Hamburg, R.; Hui, C. M.; Mailyan, B.; Preece, R. D.; Roberts, O. J.; von Kienlin, A.; Wilson-Hodge, C. A.; Kocevski, D.; Arimoto, M.; Tak, D.; Asano, K.; Axelsson, M.; Barbiellini, G.; Bissaldi, E.; Dirirsa, F. Fana; Gill, R. ; Granot, J.; McEnery, J.; Omodei, N.; Razzaque, S.; Piron, F.; Racusin, J. L.; Thompson, D. J.; Campana, S.; Bernardini, M. G.; Kuin, N. P. M.; Siegel, M. H.; Cenko, S. B.; O’Brien, P.; Capalbi, M.; Daì, A.; De Pasquale, M.; Gropp, J.; Klingler, N.; Osborne, J. P.; Perri, M.; Starling, R. L. C.; Tagliaferri, G.; Tohuvavohu, A.; Ursi, A.; Tavani, M.; Cardillo, M.; Casentini, C.; Piano, G.; Evangelista, Y.; Verrecchia, F.; Pittori, C.; Lucarelli, F.; Bulgarelli, A.; Parmiggiani, N.; Anderson, G. E.; Anderson, J. P.; Bernardi, G.; Bolmer, J.; Caballero-García, M. D.; Carrasco, I. M.; Castellón, A.; Segura, N. Castro; Castro-Tirado, A. J.; Cherukuri, S. V.; Cockeram, A. M.; D’Avanzo, P.; Di Dato, A.; Diretse, R.; Fender, R. P.; Fernández-García, E.; Fynbo, J. P. U.; Fruchter, A. S.; Greiner, J.; Gromadzki, M.; Heintz, K. E.; Heywood, I.; van der Horst, A. J.; Hu, Y. -D.; Inserra, C.; Izzo, L.; Jaiswal, V.; Jakobsson, P.; Japelj, J.; Kankare, E.; Kann, D. A.; Kouveliotou, C.; Klose, S.; Levan, A. J.; Li, X. Y.; Lotti, S.; Maguire, K.; Malesani, D. B.; Manulis, I.; Marongiu, M.; Martin, S.; Melandri, A.; Michałowski, M. J.; Miller-Jones, J. C. A.; Misra, K.; Moin, A.; Mooley, K. P.; Nasri, S.; Nicholl, M.; Noschese, A.; Novara, G.; Pandey, S. B.; Peretti, E.; del Pulgar, C. J. Pérez; Pérez-Torres, M. A.; Perley, D. A.; Piro, L.; Ragosta, F.; Resmi, L.; Ricci, R.; Rossi, A.; Sánchez-Ramírez, R.; Selsing, J.; Schulze, S.; Smartt, S. J.; Smith, I. A.; Sokolov, V. V.; Stevens, J.; Tanvir, N. R.; Thöne, C. C.; Tiengo, A.; Tremou, E.; Troja, E.; de Ugarte Postigo, A.; Valeev, A. F.; Vergani, S. D.; Wieringa, M.; Woudt, P. A.; Xu, D.; Yaron, O.; Young, D. R.

Long-duration γ-ray bursts (GRBs) originate from ultra-relativistic jets launched from the collapsing cores of dying massive stars. They are characterized by an initial phase of bright and highly variable radiation in the kiloelectronvolt-to-megaelectronvolt band, which is probably produced within the jet and lasts from milliseconds to minutes, known as the prompt emission. Subsequently, the interaction of the jet with the surrounding medium generates shock waves that are responsible for the afterglow emission, which lasts from days to months and occurs over a broad energy range from the radio to the gigaelectronvolt bands. The afterglow emission is generally well explained as synchrotron radiation emitted by electrons accelerated by the external shock. Recently, intense long-lasting emission between 0.2 and 1 teraelectronvolts was observed from GRB 190114C. Here we report multi-frequency observations of GRB 190114C, and study the evolution in time of the GRB emission across 17 orders of magnitude in energy, from 5 × 10^-6 to 10¹² electronvolts. We find that the broadband spectral energy distribution is double-peaked, with the teraelectronvolt emission constituting a distinct spectral component with power comparable to the synchrotron component. This component is associated with the afterglow and is satisfactorily explained by inverse Compton up-scattering of synchrotron photons by high-energy electrons. Finally, we find that the conditions required to account for the observed teraelectronvolt component are typical for GRBs, supporting the possibility that inverse Compton emission is commonly produced in GRBs.

• Research Organization: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)
• Sponsoring Organization: USDOE; Ministry of Economic Affairs and Digital Transformation of Spain (MINECO); Academy of Finland; Spanish Centro de Excelencia; Polish National Research Centre; National Key Research and Development Program of China; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); German Research Foundation (DFG); Polish NCN MAESTRO; ASI; UK Space Agency; UK Science and Technology Facilities Council; National Science Centre, Poland; Department of Science and Technology, India; European Research Council (ERC)
• Contributing Organization: MAGIC Collaboration
• Grant/Contract Number: AC02-76SF00515; FPA2017-87859-P; FPA2017-85668-P; FPA2017-82729-C6-2-R; FPA2017-82729-C6-6-R; FPA2017-82729-C6-5-R; AYA2015-71042-P; AYA2016-76012-C3-1-P; ESP2017-87055-C2-2-P; FPA201790566REDC; 320045; SEV-2016-0588; SEV-2015-0548; UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00382; 2017YFA0402700; NNM11AA01A; HA 1850/28-1; 2014/14/A/ST9/00121; I/004/11/3; 2017-14-H.0; ST/P002323/1; ST/N00811/1; 2018/30/E/ST9/00208; 758638
• OSTI ID: 1596639
• Journal Information: Nature (London), Vol. 575, Issue 7783; ISSN 0028-0836
• Publisher: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English