Title: Modelling the Fluctuations of Reactive Shock Waves in Heterogeneous Solid Explosives as Stochastic Processes

Abstract

Although current phenomenological burn models are useful for describing the average or bulk reactive flow behaviour of heterogeneous explosives, one fundamental weakness inherent to these models is the loss of detailed microstructural information at the scale of the calculation. In order to include the effects of the microstructure, and in particular the underlying material heterogeneities that influence the build-up to detonation, a new paradigm is put forth for modelling sub-grid, reaction-induced fluctuations (i.e. “hot spots”) at the continuum level. This modelling approach assumes that the reaction rate is stochastic, rather than deterministic, and it uses Langevin-type equations with a mathematical framework built upon Itô calculus and Lambourn's CIM model for shocked heterogeneous explosives. This approach follows directly from our previous letter, Ref. [1], and is inspired by the probability density function (pdf) methods used in turbulent reactive flows. Here, the stochastic burn model is derived, implemented, and exercised far beyond what has been shown in previous work. New hydrocode simulation results demonstrate the role of stochastic fluctuations during shock initiation; these fluctuations are approximated by collections of discrete particles, that evolve with drift (i.e. deterministic) and diffusion (i.e. stochastic) coefficients. Furthermore, the particle values are propagated and averaged to calculatemore » the heat release, yield strength, and material impedance in each computational cell. Hydrocode simulation results further show how the fluctuating hot spot energy may or may not be transmitted to the wave front, and result in a detonation wave-like structure. The fundamental stochastic nature of this model permits simulations to have varying outcomes with the same initial conditions; this allows for go/no-go estimation (e.g., marginal or failed detonations), which might possibly be calibrated using the statistical distributions from real materials. Mesoscale calculations of shocked heterogeneous explosives also show that these fluctuations are physically justified (i.e., Ref. [2]), and it is hypothesized that the pdf functions provide a link between the meso(grain) and continuum scales for practical engineering calculations. Hence, our approach is a paradigm shift for building efficient, reduced order continuum burn models, that represent the sub-grid stochastic behaviour of shocked heterogeneous solid explosives.« less

Authors:

Kittell, David E. ^[1]; Yarrington, Cole D. ^[1]; Lechman, Jeremy B. ^[1]; Damm, David L. ^[1]; Baer, Melvin R. ^[1]

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+ Show Author Affiliations

1. Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

Publication Date:

Wed Nov 13 00:00:00 EST 2019

Research Org.:

Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:

USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

OSTI Identifier:

1595423

Alternate Identifier(s):

OSTI ID: 1602904

Report Number(s):

SAND-2020-0010J
Journal ID: ISSN 0721-3115; 681962

Grant/Contract Number:  

AC04-94AL85000; NA0003525

Resource Type:

Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:

Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics

Additional Journal Information:

Journal Volume: 45; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 0721-3115

Publisher:

Wiley

Country of Publication:

United States

Language:

English

Subject:

42 ENGINEERING; shock initiation; stochastic process; burn model; mesoscale