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Title: Physics of runaway electrons in tokamaks

Abstract

This review covers basic physics ingredients of the runaway phenomenon and the ongoing efforts (experimental and theoretical) aimed at runaway electron taming in the next generation tokamaks. We emphasize the prevailing physics themes of the last 20 years: the hot-tail mechanism of runaway production, runaway electron interaction with impurity ions, the role of synchrotron radiation in runaway kinetics, runaway electron transport in presence of magnetic fluctuations, micro-instabilities of runaway electrons in magnetized plasmas, and vertical stability of the plasma with runaway electrons. Here, the review also discusses the implications of the runaway phenomenon for ITER and the current strategy of runaway electron mitigation.

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4]
  1. Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States)
  2. Max-Planck-Inst. für Plasmaphysik, Greifswald (Germany)
  3. Univ. of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA (United States)
  4. ITER Organization, St Paul Lez Durance (France)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Fusion Energy Sciences (FES); ITER Organization
OSTI Identifier:
1595259
Grant/Contract Number:  
SC0016283; FG02-04ER54742; ITER/CT/15/4300001178
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Nuclear Fusion
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 59; Journal Issue: 8; Journal ID: ISSN 0029-5515
Publisher:
IOP Science
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY; thermal quench; runaway avalanche; current quench; hot tail; disruption mitigation

Citation Formats

Breizman, Boris N., Aleynikov, Pavel, Hollmann, Eric M., and Lehnen, Michael. Physics of runaway electrons in tokamaks. United States: N. p., 2019. Web. doi:10.1088/1741-4326/ab1822.
Breizman, Boris N., Aleynikov, Pavel, Hollmann, Eric M., & Lehnen, Michael. Physics of runaway electrons in tokamaks. United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ab1822
Breizman, Boris N., Aleynikov, Pavel, Hollmann, Eric M., and Lehnen, Michael. Wed . "Physics of runaway electrons in tokamaks". United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ab1822. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1595259.
@article{osti_1595259,
title = {Physics of runaway electrons in tokamaks},
author = {Breizman, Boris N. and Aleynikov, Pavel and Hollmann, Eric M. and Lehnen, Michael},
abstractNote = {This review covers basic physics ingredients of the runaway phenomenon and the ongoing efforts (experimental and theoretical) aimed at runaway electron taming in the next generation tokamaks. We emphasize the prevailing physics themes of the last 20 years: the hot-tail mechanism of runaway production, runaway electron interaction with impurity ions, the role of synchrotron radiation in runaway kinetics, runaway electron transport in presence of magnetic fluctuations, micro-instabilities of runaway electrons in magnetized plasmas, and vertical stability of the plasma with runaway electrons. Here, the review also discusses the implications of the runaway phenomenon for ITER and the current strategy of runaway electron mitigation.},
doi = {10.1088/1741-4326/ab1822},
journal = {Nuclear Fusion},
number = 8,
volume = 59,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Jun 19 00:00:00 EDT 2019},
month = {Wed Jun 19 00:00:00 EDT 2019}
}

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Spatiotemporal evolution of runaway electrons from synchrotron images in Alcator C-Mod
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Quasi-linear analysis of whistler waves driven by relativistic runaway beams in tokamaks
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Applying the new gamma ray imager diagnostic to measurements of runaway electron Bremsstrahlung radiation in the DIII-D Tokamak (invited)
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Runaway electrons and the evolution of the plasma current in tokamak disruptions
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Impact and mitigation of disruptions with the ITER-like wall in JET
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Simulation of runaway electron generation during plasma shutdown by impurity injection in ITER
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Update on the status of the ITER ECE diagnostic design
journal, January 2017


Effect of partially ionized impurities and radiation on the effective critical electric field for runaway generation
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High field side measurements of non-thermal electron cyclotron emission on TCV plasmas with ECH and ECCD
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Works referencing / citing this record:

Evaluation of the Dreicer runaway generation rate in the presence of high- impurities using a neural network
journal, December 2019


Effect of plasma elongation on current dynamics during tokamak disruptions
journal, January 2020


Message From the Editor-in-Chief
journal, January 2007


MeV range particle physics studies in tokamak plasmas using gamma-ray spectroscopy
journal, November 2019

  • Nocente, M.; Molin, A. Dal; Eidietis, N.
  • Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 62, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1088/1361-6587/ab4f32

Message from the Editor-in-Chief
journal, December 2019


Dissipation of runaway current by massive gas injection on J-TEXT
journal, November 2019


Electron runaway in ASDEX Upgrade experiments of varying core temperature
journal, May 2021


Tomographic reconstruction of the runaway distribution function in TCV using multispectral synchrotron images
journal, March 2021