Towards a UV model of kinetic mixing and portal matter

Rueter, Thomas D.; Rizzo, Thomas G.

doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.101.015014

Title: Towards a UV model of kinetic mixing and portal matter

Abstract

The nature of dark matter (DM) and how it might interact with the particles of the Standard Model (SM) is an ever-growing mystery. It is possible that the existence of new “dark sector” forces, yet undiscovered, are the key to solving this fundamental problem, and one might hope that in the future such forces might even be “unified” with the ones we already know in some UV-complete framework. In this paper, following a bottom-up approach, we attempt to take the first steps in the construction of such a framework. The much-discussed possibility of the kinetic mixing (KM) of the “dark photon” with the hypercharge gauge boson of the SM via loops of portal matter (PM) fields, charged in both sectors, offers an attractive starting point for these efforts. Given the anticipated finite strength of the KM in a UV-complete theory, the absence of anomalies, and the lifetime constraints on the PM fields arising from cosmic microwave background and nucleosynthesis constraints, PM must behave as vector-like copies of the known SM fermion fields, such as those which appear naturally in, e.g., $E_{6}$ -type models. Within such a setup, the SM and their corresponding partner PM fields would be related by a new $S U (2)_{I}$ gauge symmetry. With this observation as a springboard, we construct a generalization of these ideas where $S U (2)_{I}$ is augmented by an additional $U (1)_{I_{Y}}$ factor so that the light dark photon is the result of a symmetry breaking analogous to the SM, i.e., $S U (2)_{I} \times U (1)_{I_{Y}} \to U (1)_{D}$ , but with $U (1)_{D}$ now also broken at the $≲ GeV$ scale. While SM fields are $U (1)_{D}$ singlets, as in the conventional dark photon approach, they transform nontrivially under the full $S U (2)_{I} \times U (1)_{I_{Y}}$ gauge group. This approach leads to numerous interesting signatures, both at low energies and at colliders, and can be viewed as an initial step in the construction of a more UV-complete framework.

Authors:

Rueter, Thomas D.;

Publication Date:: Fri Jan 24 00:00:00 EST 2020

Research Org.:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1594203

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1604933

Report Number(s):: SLAC-PUB-17472
Journal ID: ISSN 2470-0010; PRVDAQ; 015014

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515

Resource Type:: Published Article

Journal Name:: Physical Review. D.

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Physical Review. D. Journal Volume: 101 Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 2470-0010

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS

Citation Formats


                    Rueter, Thomas D., and Rizzo, Thomas G. Towards a UV model of kinetic mixing and portal matter.  United States: N. p., 2020. 
Web.  doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.101.015014.

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                    Rueter, Thomas D., & Rizzo, Thomas G. Towards a UV model of kinetic mixing and portal matter.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.101.015014

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                    Rueter, Thomas D., and Rizzo, Thomas G. Fri .  
"Towards a UV model of kinetic mixing and portal matter".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.101.015014.

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@article{osti_1594203,

  title        = {Towards a UV model of kinetic mixing and portal matter},

  author       = {Rueter, Thomas D. and Rizzo, Thomas G.},

  abstractNote = {The nature of dark matter (DM) and how it might interact with the particles of the Standard Model (SM) is an ever-growing mystery. It is possible that the existence of new “dark sector” forces, yet undiscovered, are the key to solving this fundamental problem, and one might hope that in the future such forces might even be “unified” with the ones we already know in some UV-complete framework. In this paper, following a bottom-up approach, we attempt to take the first steps in the construction of such a framework. The much-discussed possibility of the kinetic mixing (KM) of the “dark photon” with the hypercharge gauge boson of the SM via loops of portal matter (PM) fields, charged in both sectors, offers an attractive starting point for these efforts. Given the anticipated finite strength of the KM in a UV-complete theory, the absence of anomalies, and the lifetime constraints on the PM fields arising from cosmic microwave background and nucleosynthesis constraints, PM must behave as vector-like copies of the known SM fermion fields, such as those which appear naturally in, e.g., E6-type models. Within such a setup, the SM and their corresponding partner PM fields would be related by a new SU(2)I gauge symmetry. With this observation as a springboard, we construct a generalization of these ideas where SU(2)I is augmented by an additional U(1)IY factor so that the light dark photon is the result of a symmetry breaking analogous to the SM, i.e., SU(2)I×U(1)IY→U(1)D, but with U(1)D now also broken at the ≲GeV scale. While SM fields are U(1)D singlets, as in the conventional dark photon approach, they transform nontrivially under the full SU(2)I×U(1)IY gauge group. This approach leads to numerous interesting signatures, both at low energies and at colliders, and can be viewed as an initial step in the construction of a more UV-complete framework.},

  doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevD.101.015014},

  journal      = {Physical Review. D.},

  number       = 1,

  volume       = 101,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Fri Jan 24 00:00:00 EST 2020},

  month        = {Fri Jan 24 00:00:00 EST 2020}

}

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Title: Towards a UV model of kinetic mixing and portal matter

Abstract

Citation Formats

Alternative formulation of left-right symmetry with B − L conservation and purely Dirac neutrinos journal, August 2019

Search for long-lived particles produced in p p collisions at s = 13 TeV that decay into displaced hadronic jets in the ATLAS muon spectrometer journal, March 2019

Searching for ϵ charges and a new U(1) journal, September 1986

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Yukawa enhancement of Z-mediated new physics in ∆S = 2 and ∆B = 2 processes journal, July 2017

HATHOR – HAdronic Top and Heavy quarks crOss section calculatoR journal, April 2011

Search for dark matter and other new phenomena in events with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum using the ATLAS detector journal, January 2018

Low-energy phenomenology of superstring-inspired E6 models journal, November 1989

Evaluating the price of tiny kinetic mixing journal, November 2019

Unification and Supersymmetry book, January 1986

Search for new particles decaying to a jet and an emerging jet journal, February 2019

Gauge kinetic mixing and leptophobic Z ′ in E 6 and SO ( 10 ) journal, December 1998

Signatures for a New Supersymmetric Left-Right Gauge Model From Superstrings journal, August 1987

Secluded WIMP dark matter journal, April 2008

The automated computation of tree-level and next-to-leading order differential cross sections, and their matching to parton shower simulations journal, July 2014

Muon Anomaly and Dark Parity Violation journal, July 2012

Contributions to cosmic reionization from dark matter annihilation and decay journal, September 2016

Search for B → K ( * ) ν ν ¯ and invisible quarkonium decays journal, June 2013

Review of Particle Physics journal, August 2018

Consequences of new-heavy-particle exchange in e + e − → W + W − journal, February 1992

A search for prompt lepton-jets in pp collisions at s = 8 $$ \sqrt{\mathrm{s}}=8 $$ TeV with the ATLAS detector journal, February 2016

Discovering Higgs Boson Decays to Lepton Jets at Hadron Colliders journal, December 2010

Hidden Higgs decaying to lepton jets journal, May 2010

Solar gamma rays powered by secluded dark matter journal, April 2010

Extra gauge bosons in E 6 journal, September 1986

Search for long-lived neutral particles decaying into lepton jets in proton-proton collisions at s = 8 $$ \sqrt{s}=8 $$ TeV with the ATLAS detector journal, November 2014

Derivation of gauge invariance from high-energy unitarity bounds on the S matrix journal, August 1974

Extra-weakly interacting dark matter journal, January 2007

Current dark matter annihilation constraints from CMB and low-redshift data journal, May 2014

FeynRules 2.0 — A complete toolbox for tree-level phenomenology journal, August 2014

Theory and phenomenology of two-Higgs-doublet models journal, July 2012

Weak interactions at very high energies: The role of the Higgs-boson mass journal, September 1977

Secluded U(1) below the weak scale journal, November 2009

The waning of the WIMP? A review of models, searches, and constraints journal, March 2018

Modified Higgs branching ratios versus C P and lepton flavor violation journal, December 2012

Lepton jets in (supersymmetric) electroweak processes journal, April 2010

Vectorlike leptons: Muon g − 2 anomaly, lepton flavor violation, Higgs boson decays, and lepton nonuniversality journal, July 2017

Experimental Searches for the Axion and Axion-Like Particles journal, October 2015

Search for long-lived particles decaying into displaced jets in proton-proton collisions at s = 13 TeV journal, February 2019

Production of heavy leptons from gluon fusion journal, June 1985

DELPHES 3: a modular framework for fast simulation of a generic collider experiment journal, February 2014

Analyzing the Discovery Potential for Light Dark Matter journal, December 2015

Fundamental Particle Structure in the Cosmological dark Matter journal, November 2013

The TeV physics of strongly interacting W's and Z's journal, January 1985

Non-abelian dark sectors and their collider signatures journal, April 2009

Top++: A program for the calculation of the top-pair cross-section at hadron colliders journal, November 2014

Illuminating dark photons with high-energy colliders journal, February 2015

Search for additional heavy neutral Higgs and gauge bosons in the ditau final state produced in 36 fb−1 of pp collisions at s = 13 $$ \sqrt{s}=13 $$ TeV with the ATLAS detector journal, January 2018

Improving LHC searches for dark photons using lepton-jet substructure journal, March 2017

“Dark” Z implications for parity violation, rare meson decays, and Higgs physics journal, June 2012

Leptophobic U(1)'s and the R b − R c anomalies journal, October 1996

New results on B → π , K , η decay form factors from light-cone sum rules journal, January 2005

Erratum: Derivation of gauge invariance from high-energy unitarity bounds on the S matrix journal, February 1975

An introduction to PYTHIA 8.2 journal, June 2015

Relationship between longitudinally polarized vector bosons and their unphysical scalar partners journal, November 1986

Determination of the elementsV us andV ud of the Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix journal, March 1984

Two U(1)'s and ϵ charge shifts journal, January 1986

Vectorlike fermions and Higgs effective field theory revisited journal, July 2017

A search for pair production of new light bosons decaying into muons journal, January 2016

Prospects for vectorlike leptons at future proton-proton colliders journal, July 2019

Axions: Theory and Cosmological Role journal, October 2013

The new Minimal Standard Model journal, March 2005

LHC signals for a SuperUnified theory of Dark Matter journal, December 2008

Kinetic mixing and the supersymmetric gauge hierarchy journal, May 1997

Search for high-mass dilepton resonances using 139 fb−1 of pp collision data collected at s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector journal, September 2019

Stueckelberg Z ′ extension with kinetic mixing and millicharged dark matter from the hidden sector journal, June 2007

Alternative formulation of left-right symmetry with B − L conservation and purely Dirac neutrinos
journal, August 2019

Search for long-lived particles produced in $p p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV$ that decay into displaced hadronic jets in the ATLAS muon spectrometer
journal, March 2019

Searching for ϵ charges and a new U(1)
journal, September 1986

Kinetic mixing and portal matter phenomenology
journal, June 2019

Yukawa enhancement of Z-mediated new physics in ∆S = 2 and ∆B = 2 processes
journal, July 2017

HATHOR – HAdronic Top and Heavy quarks crOss section calculatoR
journal, April 2011

Search for dark matter and other new phenomena in events with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum using the ATLAS detector
journal, January 2018

Low-energy phenomenology of superstring-inspired E6 models
journal, November 1989

Evaluating the price of tiny kinetic mixing
journal, November 2019

Unification and Supersymmetry
book, January 1986

Search for new particles decaying to a jet and an emerging jet
journal, February 2019

Gauge kinetic mixing and leptophobic $Z^{'}$ in $E_{6}$ and $SO (10)$
journal, December 1998

Signatures for a New Supersymmetric Left-Right Gauge Model From Superstrings
journal, August 1987

Secluded WIMP dark matter
journal, April 2008

The automated computation of tree-level and next-to-leading order differential cross sections, and their matching to parton shower simulations
journal, July 2014

Muon Anomaly and Dark Parity Violation
journal, July 2012

Contributions to cosmic reionization from dark matter annihilation and decay
journal, September 2016

Search for $B \to K^{(*)} ν \bar{ν}$ and invisible quarkonium decays
journal, June 2013

Review of Particle Physics
journal, August 2018

Consequences of new-heavy-particle exchange in e + e − → W + W −
journal, February 1992

A search for prompt lepton-jets in pp collisions at s = 8 $$ \sqrt{\mathrm{s}}=8 $$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
journal, February 2016

Discovering Higgs Boson Decays to Lepton Jets at Hadron Colliders
journal, December 2010

Hidden Higgs decaying to lepton jets
journal, May 2010

Solar gamma rays powered by secluded dark matter
journal, April 2010

Extra gauge bosons in $E_{6}$
journal, September 1986

Search for long-lived neutral particles decaying into lepton jets in proton-proton collisions at s = 8 $$ \sqrt{s}=8 $$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
journal, November 2014

Derivation of gauge invariance from high-energy unitarity bounds on the $S$ matrix
journal, August 1974

Extra-weakly interacting dark matter
journal, January 2007

Current dark matter annihilation constraints from CMB and low-redshift data
journal, May 2014

FeynRules 2.0 — A complete toolbox for tree-level phenomenology
journal, August 2014

Theory and phenomenology of two-Higgs-doublet models
journal, July 2012

Weak interactions at very high energies: The role of the Higgs-boson mass
journal, September 1977

Secluded U(1) below the weak scale
journal, November 2009

The waning of the WIMP? A review of models, searches, and constraints
journal, March 2018

Modified Higgs branching ratios versus $C P$ and lepton flavor violation
journal, December 2012

Lepton jets in (supersymmetric) electroweak processes
journal, April 2010

Vectorlike leptons: Muon $g - 2$ anomaly, lepton flavor violation, Higgs boson decays, and lepton nonuniversality
journal, July 2017

Experimental Searches for the Axion and Axion-Like Particles
journal, October 2015

Search for long-lived particles decaying into displaced jets in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV$
journal, February 2019

Production of heavy leptons from gluon fusion
journal, June 1985

DELPHES 3: a modular framework for fast simulation of a generic collider experiment
journal, February 2014

Analyzing the Discovery Potential for Light Dark Matter
journal, December 2015

Fundamental Particle Structure in the Cosmological dark Matter
journal, November 2013

The TeV physics of strongly interacting W's and Z's
journal, January 1985

Non-abelian dark sectors and their collider signatures
journal, April 2009

Top++: A program for the calculation of the top-pair cross-section at hadron colliders
journal, November 2014

Illuminating dark photons with high-energy colliders
journal, February 2015

Search for additional heavy neutral Higgs and gauge bosons in the ditau final state produced in 36 fb−1 of pp collisions at s = 13 $$ \sqrt{s}=13 $$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
journal, January 2018

Improving LHC searches for dark photons using lepton-jet substructure
journal, March 2017

“Dark” $Z$ implications for parity violation, rare meson decays, and Higgs physics
journal, June 2012

Leptophobic U(1)'s and the $R_{b} - R_{c}$ anomalies
journal, October 1996

New results on $B \to π, K, η$ decay form factors from light-cone sum rules
journal, January 2005

Erratum: Derivation of gauge invariance from high-energy unitarity bounds on the $S$ matrix
journal, February 1975

An introduction to PYTHIA 8.2
journal, June 2015

Relationship between longitudinally polarized vector bosons and their unphysical scalar partners
journal, November 1986

Determination of the elementsV us andV ud of the Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix
journal, March 1984

Two U(1)'s and ϵ charge shifts
journal, January 1986

Vectorlike fermions and Higgs effective field theory revisited
journal, July 2017

A search for pair production of new light bosons decaying into muons
journal, January 2016

Prospects for vectorlike leptons at future proton-proton colliders
journal, July 2019

Axions: Theory and Cosmological Role
journal, October 2013

The new Minimal Standard Model
journal, March 2005

LHC signals for a SuperUnified theory of Dark Matter
journal, December 2008

Kinetic mixing and the supersymmetric gauge hierarchy
journal, May 1997

Search for high-mass dilepton resonances using 139 fb−1 of pp collision data collected at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
journal, September 2019

Stueckelberg $Z^{'}$ extension with kinetic mixing and millicharged dark matter from the hidden sector
journal, June 2007