Understanding thermal annealing of artificial spin ice

Zhang, Xiaoyu; Lao, Yuyang; Sklenar, Joseph; Bingham, Nicholas S.; Batley, Joseph T.; Watts, Justin D.; Nisoli, Cristiano; Leighton, Chris; Schiffer, Peter

doi:10.1063/1.5126713

Title: Understanding thermal annealing of artificial spin ice

Journal Article · 25 November 2019 · APL Materials

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5126713 · OSTI ID:1593732

Zhang, Xiaoyu ^[1]; Lao, Yuyang ^[2]; Sklenar, Joseph ^[3]; Bingham, Nicholas S. ^[4]; Batley, Joseph T. ^[5]; Watts, Justin D. ^[5]; Nisoli, Cristiano ^[6]; Leighton, Chris ^[5];

^[7]

Yale Univ., New Haven, CT (United States); Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States); Yale University
Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)
Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States); Wayne State Univ., Detroit, MI (United States)
Yale Univ., New Haven, CT (United States)
Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (United States)
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Yale Univ., New Haven, CT (United States); Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)

Here, we have performed a detailed study on thermal annealing of the moment configuration in artificial spin ice. Permalloy (Ni₈₀Fe₂₀) artificial spin ice samples were examined in the prototypical square ice geometry, studying annealing as a function of island thickness, island shape, and annealing temperature and duration. We also measured the Curie temperature as a function of film thickness, finding that thickness has a strong effect on the Curie temperature in regimes of relevance to many studies of the dynamics of artificial spin ice systems. Increasing the interaction energy between island moments and reducing the energy barrier to flipping the island moments allow the system to more closely approach the collective low energy state of the moments upon annealing, suggesting new channels for understanding the thermalization processes in these important model systems.

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Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States); Yale Univ., New Haven, CT (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001; SC0010778

OSTI ID:: 1593732

Report Number(s):: LA-UR--19-29694

Journal Information:: APL Materials, Journal Name: APL Materials Journal Issue: 11 Vol. 7; ISSN 2166-532X

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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