Modeling the Sources and Transport Processes During Extreme Ammonia Episodes in the U.S. Corn Belt
Abstract
Abstract Atmospheric ammonia (NH 3 ) is the primary form of reactive nitrogen (N r ) and a precursor of ammonium (NH 4 + ) aerosols. Ammonia has been linked to adverse impacts on human health, the loss of ecosystem biodiversity, and plays a key role in aerosol radiative forcing. The midwestern United States is the major NH 3 source in North America because of dense livestock operations and the high use of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers. Here, we combine tall‐tower (100 m) observations in Minnesota and Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF‐Chem) modeling to investigate high and low NH 3 emission episodes within the U.S. Corn Belt to improve our understanding of the distribution of emission sources and transport processes. We examined observations and performed model simulations for cases in February through November of 2017 and 2018. The results showed the following: (1) Peak emissions in November 2017 were enhanced by above‐normal air temperatures, implying a Q 10 (i.e., the change in NH 3 emissions for a temperature increase of 10°C) of 2.5 for emissions. (2) The intensive livestock emissions rom northern Iowa, approximately 400 km away from the tall tower, accounted for 17.6% of the abundancemore »
- Authors:
-
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate University of Minnesota, Twin Cities St. Paul MN USA, College of Biology and the Environment, Joint Center for sustainable Forestry in Southern China Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate University of Minnesota, Twin Cities St. Paul MN USA
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate University of Minnesota, Twin Cities St. Paul MN USA, U.S. Department of Agriculture Agriculture Research Service St. Paul MN USA
- School of Natural Resources University of Missouri Columbia MO USA
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies Yale University New Haven CT USA, Yale‐NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC) Nanjing University of Information, Science and Technology Nanjing China
- Publication Date:
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1593470
- Resource Type:
- Publisher's Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Journal Volume: 125 Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 2169-897X
- Publisher:
- American Geophysical Union (AGU)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
Citation Formats
Hu, Cheng, Griffis, Timothy J., Baker, John M., Wood, Jeffrey D., Millet, Dylan B., Yu, Zhongjie, and Lee, Xuhui. Modeling the Sources and Transport Processes During Extreme Ammonia Episodes in the U.S. Corn Belt. United States: N. p., 2020.
Web. doi:10.1029/2019JD031207.
Hu, Cheng, Griffis, Timothy J., Baker, John M., Wood, Jeffrey D., Millet, Dylan B., Yu, Zhongjie, & Lee, Xuhui. Modeling the Sources and Transport Processes During Extreme Ammonia Episodes in the U.S. Corn Belt. United States. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD031207
Hu, Cheng, Griffis, Timothy J., Baker, John M., Wood, Jeffrey D., Millet, Dylan B., Yu, Zhongjie, and Lee, Xuhui. Wed .
"Modeling the Sources and Transport Processes During Extreme Ammonia Episodes in the U.S. Corn Belt". United States. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD031207.
@article{osti_1593470,
title = {Modeling the Sources and Transport Processes During Extreme Ammonia Episodes in the U.S. Corn Belt},
author = {Hu, Cheng and Griffis, Timothy J. and Baker, John M. and Wood, Jeffrey D. and Millet, Dylan B. and Yu, Zhongjie and Lee, Xuhui},
abstractNote = {Abstract Atmospheric ammonia (NH 3 ) is the primary form of reactive nitrogen (N r ) and a precursor of ammonium (NH 4 + ) aerosols. Ammonia has been linked to adverse impacts on human health, the loss of ecosystem biodiversity, and plays a key role in aerosol radiative forcing. The midwestern United States is the major NH 3 source in North America because of dense livestock operations and the high use of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers. Here, we combine tall‐tower (100 m) observations in Minnesota and Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF‐Chem) modeling to investigate high and low NH 3 emission episodes within the U.S. Corn Belt to improve our understanding of the distribution of emission sources and transport processes. We examined observations and performed model simulations for cases in February through November of 2017 and 2018. The results showed the following: (1) Peak emissions in November 2017 were enhanced by above‐normal air temperatures, implying a Q 10 (i.e., the change in NH 3 emissions for a temperature increase of 10°C) of 2.5 for emissions. (2) The intensive livestock emissions rom northern Iowa, approximately 400 km away from the tall tower, accounted for 17.6% of the abundance in tall‐tower NH 3 mixing ratios. (3) Ammonia mixing ratios in the innermost domain 3 frequently (i.e., 336 hr, 48% of November 2017) exceeded 5.3 ppb, an important air quality health standard. (4) In November 2017, simulated NH 3 net ecosystem exchange (the difference between NH 3 emissions and dry deposition) accounted for 60–65% of gross NH 3 emissions for agricultural areas and was 2.8–3.1 times the emissions of forested areas. (5) We estimated a mean annual NH 3 net ecosystem exchange of 1.60 ± 0.06 nmol · m −2 · s −1 for agricultural lands and −0.07 ± 0.02 nmol · m −2 · s −1 for forested lands. These results imply that future warmer fall temperatures will enhance agricultural NH 3 emissions, increase the frequency of dangerous NH 3 episodes, and enhance dry NH 3 deposition in adjacent forested lands.},
doi = {10.1029/2019JD031207},
journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres},
number = 2,
volume = 125,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Jan 22 00:00:00 EST 2020},
month = {Wed Jan 22 00:00:00 EST 2020}
}
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