Topological kink plasmons on magnetic-domain boundaries

Jin, Dafei; Xia, Yang; Christensen, Thomas; Freeman, Matthew; Wang, Siqi; Fong, King Yan; Gardner, Geoffrey C.; Fallahi, Saeed; Hu, Qing; Wang, Yuan; Engel, Lloyd; Xiao, Zhi-Li; Manfra, Michael J.; Fang, Nicholas X.; Zhang, Xiang

doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12092-x

Title: Topological kink plasmons on magnetic-domain boundaries

Abstract

Two-dimensional topological materials bearing time reversal-breaking magnetic fields support protected one-way edge modes. Normally, these edge modes adhere to physical edges where material properties change abruptly. However, even in homogeneous materials, topology still permits a unique form of edge modes - kink modes - residing at the domain boundaries of magnetic fields within the materials. This scenario, despite being predicted in theory, has rarely been demonstrated experimentally. Here, we report our observation of topologically-protected high-frequency kink modes - kink magnetoplasmons (KMPs) - in a GaAs/AlGaAs two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) system. These KMPs arise at a domain boundary projected from an externally-patterned magnetic field onto a uniform 2DEG. They propagate unidirectionally along the boundary, protected by a difference of gap Chern numbers (+/- 1) in the two domains. They exhibit large tunability under an applied magnetic field or gate voltage, and clear signatures of nonreciprocity even under weak-coupling to evanescent photons.

Authors:

Jin, Dafei ^[1];

^[2]; Christensen, Thomas ^[3]; Freeman, Matthew ^[4]; Wang, Siqi ^[2]; Fong, King Yan ^[2]; Gardner, Geoffrey C. ^[5]; Fallahi, Saeed ^[5]; Hu, Qing ^[3]; Wang, Yuan ^[2]; Engel, Lloyd ^[4]; Xiao, Zhi-Li ^[6];

^[5]; Fang, Nicholas X. ^[3];

^[7]

Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee, FL (United States). National High Magnetic Field Lab. (MagLab)
Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN (United States)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of Hong Kong (China)

Publication Date:: Tue Oct 08 00:00:00 EDT 2019

Research Org.:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC); Danish Council for Independent Research; US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); National Science Foundation (NSF)

OSTI Identifier:: 1591818

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1604994

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; AC02-06CH11357; FG02-05ER46212; SC0006671; FA9550-12-1-0488; OSR-2016-CRG5-2950-03; DFF-6108-00667; DMR-0654118

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Nature Communications

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 10; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 2041-1723

Publisher:: Nature Publishing Group

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; electronic and spintronic devices; nanophotonics and plasmonics; two-dimensional materials

Citation Formats


                    Jin, Dafei, Xia, Yang, Christensen, Thomas, Freeman, Matthew, Wang, Siqi, Fong, King Yan, Gardner, Geoffrey C., Fallahi, Saeed, Hu, Qing, Wang, Yuan, Engel, Lloyd, Xiao, Zhi-Li, Manfra, Michael J., Fang, Nicholas X., and Zhang, Xiang. Topological kink plasmons on magnetic-domain boundaries.  United States: N. p., 2019. 
Web.  doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12092-x.

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                    Jin, Dafei, Xia, Yang, Christensen, Thomas, Freeman, Matthew, Wang, Siqi, Fong, King Yan, Gardner, Geoffrey C., Fallahi, Saeed, Hu, Qing, Wang, Yuan, Engel, Lloyd, Xiao, Zhi-Li, Manfra, Michael J., Fang, Nicholas X., & Zhang, Xiang. Topological kink plasmons on magnetic-domain boundaries.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12092-x

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                    Jin, Dafei, Xia, Yang, Christensen, Thomas, Freeman, Matthew, Wang, Siqi, Fong, King Yan, Gardner, Geoffrey C., Fallahi, Saeed, Hu, Qing, Wang, Yuan, Engel, Lloyd, Xiao, Zhi-Li, Manfra, Michael J., Fang, Nicholas X., and Zhang, Xiang. Tue .  
"Topological kink plasmons on magnetic-domain boundaries".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12092-x.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1591818.

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@article{osti_1591818,

  title        = {Topological kink plasmons on magnetic-domain boundaries},

  author       = {Jin, Dafei and Xia, Yang and Christensen, Thomas and Freeman, Matthew and Wang, Siqi and Fong, King Yan and Gardner, Geoffrey C. and Fallahi, Saeed and Hu, Qing and Wang, Yuan and Engel, Lloyd and Xiao, Zhi-Li and Manfra, Michael J. and Fang, Nicholas X. and Zhang, Xiang},

  abstractNote = {Two-dimensional topological materials bearing time reversal-breaking magnetic fields support protected one-way edge modes. Normally, these edge modes adhere to physical edges where material properties change abruptly. However, even in homogeneous materials, topology still permits a unique form of edge modes - kink modes - residing at the domain boundaries of magnetic fields within the materials. This scenario, despite being predicted in theory, has rarely been demonstrated experimentally. Here, we report our observation of topologically-protected high-frequency kink modes - kink magnetoplasmons (KMPs) - in a GaAs/AlGaAs two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) system. These KMPs arise at a domain boundary projected from an externally-patterned magnetic field onto a uniform 2DEG. They propagate unidirectionally along the boundary, protected by a difference of gap Chern numbers (+/- 1) in the two domains. They exhibit large tunability under an applied magnetic field or gate voltage, and clear signatures of nonreciprocity even under weak-coupling to evanescent photons.},

  doi          = {10.1038/s41467-019-12092-x},

  journal      = {Nature Communications},

  number       = 1,

  volume       = 10,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Tue Oct 08 00:00:00 EDT 2019},

  month        = {Tue Oct 08 00:00:00 EDT 2019}

}

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Title: Topological kink plasmons on magnetic-domain boundaries

Abstract

Citation Formats

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Quantized chiral edge conduction on domain walls of a magnetic topological insulator journal, December 2017

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Magnetoplasmons in a two-dimensional electron fluid: Disk geometry journal, April 1986

Infrared Topological Plasmons in Graphene journal, June 2017

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Infrared Nanoscopy of Dirac Plasmons at the Graphene–SiO 2 Interface journal, October 2011

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Realizing effective magnetic field for photons by controlling the phase of dynamic modulation journal, October 2012

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Edge magnetoplasmons in the time domain journal, February 1992

Nonreciprocal lasing in topological cavities of arbitrary geometries journal, October 2017

Electronic properties of two-dimensional systems journal, April 1982

Evidence for a New Dissipationless Effect in 2D Electronic Transport journal, January 2003

Resonant Edge Magnetoplasmons and Their Decay in Graphene journal, December 2014

A high-mobility electron gas at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterointerface journal, January 2004

Topological photonics journal, October 2014

Temperature-Dependent Transport in Suspended Graphene journal, August 2008

Topological Insulators and Topological Superconductors book, January 2013

Edge magnetoplasmons for very low temperatures and sharp density profiles journal, November 1997

Analogs of quantum-Hall-effect edge states in photonic crystals journal, September 2008

Plasmons and magnetoplasmons in semiconductor heterostructures journal, March 2001

Observation of Bulk and Edge Magnetoplasmons in a Two-Dimensional Electron Fluid journal, April 1985

Observation of unidirectional backscattering-immune topological electromagnetic states journal, October 2009

Microwave spectroscopy of the low-filling-factor bilayer electron solid in a wide quantum well journal, May 2015

Topological Waveguiding near an Exceptional Point: Defect-Immune, Slow-Light, and Loss-Immune Propagation journal, August 2018

Electrons in a Periodic Magnetic Field Induced by a Regular Array of Micromagnets text, January 1995

Temperature dependent transport in suspended graphene text, January 2008

Infrared nanoscopy of Dirac plasmons at the graphene-SiO2 interface text, January 2011

Topological chiral magnonic edge mode in a magnonic crystal text, January 2012

The physics of exceptional points text, January 2012

Topologically protected excitons in porphyrin thin films text, January 2014

Bulk-edge correspondence for topological photonic continua text, January 2016

Infrared Topological Plasmons in Graphene text, January 2017

Topologically-protected refraction of robust kink states in valley photonic crystals text, January 2017

Topological Band Theory for Non-Hermitian Hamiltonians text, January 2017

Topological Wave-Guiding Near an Exceptional Point: Defect-Immune, Slow-Light, Loss-Immune Propagation text, January 2018

Non-Hermitian Chern bands text, January 2018

Evidence for a New Dissipationless Regime in 2D Electronic Transport text, January 2002

Ultimate Limit of Light Extinction by Nanophotonic Structures journal, October 2015

Infrared Nanoscopy of Dirac Plasmons at the Graphene–SiO 2 Interface journal, October 2011

A high-mobility electron gas at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterointerface journal, January 2004

Observation of unidirectional backscattering-immune topological electromagnetic states journal, October 2009

Topological valley transport at bilayer graphene domain walls journal, April 2015

Microwave spectroscopy of the low-filling-factor bilayer electron solid in a wide quantum well journal, May 2015

Realizing effective magnetic field for photons by controlling the phase of dynamic modulation journal, October 2012

Topologically protected refraction of robust kink states in valley photonic crystals journal, November 2017

Resistance Resonance Effects through Magnetic Edge States journal, March 2000

Quantized chiral edge conduction on domain walls of a magnetic topological insulator journal, December 2017

Topological origin of equatorial waves journal, October 2017

Nonreciprocal lasing in topological cavities of arbitrary geometries journal, October 2017

Topological chiral magnonic edge mode in a magnonic crystal text, January 2012

Topologically protected excitons in porphyrin thin films text, January 2014

Topological Polaritons text, January 2014

Plasmon Weyl Degeneracies in Magnetized Plasma text, January 2015

Topological magnetoplasmon text, January 2016

Bulk-edge correspondence for topological photonic continua text, January 2016

Topological Band Theory for Non-Hermitian Hamiltonians text, January 2017

Topological Wave-Guiding Near an Exceptional Point: Defect-Immune, Slow-Light, Loss-Immune Propagation text, January 2018

Snake orbits and related magnetic edge states text, January 2000

Evidence for a New Dissipationless Regime in 2D Electronic Transport text, January 2002

Topological insulators and superconductors
journal, October 2011

Bulk-edge correspondence for topological photonic continua
journal, November 2016

Quantized chiral edge conduction on domain walls of a magnetic topological insulator
journal, December 2017

Topological magnetoplasmon
journal, November 2016

Magnetoplasmons in a two-dimensional electron fluid: Disk geometry
journal, April 1986

Infrared Topological Plasmons in Graphene
journal, June 2017

Topological valley transport at bilayer graphene domain walls
journal, April 2015

Topological origin of equatorial waves
journal, October 2017

Ultimate Limit of Light Extinction by Nanophotonic Structures
journal, October 2015

Topologically protected refraction of robust kink states in valley photonic crystals
journal, November 2017

Photonic Weyl degeneracies in magnetized plasma
journal, August 2016

Orbital Magnetic Moment Instability at the Spin Reorientation Transition of ${Nd}_{2} {Fe}_{14} B$
journal, July 2000

The physics of exceptional points
journal, October 2012

Non-Hermitian Chern Bands
journal, September 2018

Topological Band Theory for Non-Hermitian Hamiltonians
journal, April 2018

Infrared Nanoscopy of Dirac Plasmons at the Graphene–SiO ₂ Interface
journal, October 2011

Topologically protected excitons in porphyrin thin films
journal, September 2014

Dynamical Hall Effect in a Two-Dimensional Classical Plasma
journal, April 1985

Realizing effective magnetic field for photons by controlling the phase of dynamic modulation
journal, October 2012

Topological chiral magnonic edge mode in a magnonic crystal
journal, May 2013

Electrons in a Periodic Magnetic Field Induced by a Regular Array of Micromagnets
journal, April 1995

Chern invariants for continuous media
journal, September 2015

Edge magnetoplasmons in the time domain
journal, February 1992

Nonreciprocal lasing in topological cavities of arbitrary geometries
journal, October 2017

Electronic properties of two-dimensional systems
journal, April 1982

Evidence for a New Dissipationless Effect in 2D Electronic Transport
journal, January 2003

Resonant Edge Magnetoplasmons and Their Decay in Graphene
journal, December 2014

A high-mobility electron gas at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterointerface
journal, January 2004

Topological photonics
journal, October 2014

Temperature-Dependent Transport in Suspended Graphene
journal, August 2008

Topological Insulators and Topological Superconductors
book, January 2013

Edge magnetoplasmons for very low temperatures and sharp density profiles
journal, November 1997

Analogs of quantum-Hall-effect edge states in photonic crystals
journal, September 2008

Plasmons and magnetoplasmons in semiconductor heterostructures
journal, March 2001

Observation of Bulk and Edge Magnetoplasmons in a Two-Dimensional Electron Fluid
journal, April 1985

Observation of unidirectional backscattering-immune topological electromagnetic states
journal, October 2009

Microwave spectroscopy of the low-filling-factor bilayer electron solid in a wide quantum well
journal, May 2015

Topological Waveguiding near an Exceptional Point: Defect-Immune, Slow-Light, and Loss-Immune Propagation
journal, August 2018

Electrons in a Periodic Magnetic Field Induced by a Regular Array of Micromagnets
text, January 1995

Temperature dependent transport in suspended graphene
text, January 2008

Infrared nanoscopy of Dirac plasmons at the graphene-SiO2 interface
text, January 2011

Topological chiral magnonic edge mode in a magnonic crystal
text, January 2012

The physics of exceptional points
text, January 2012

Topologically protected excitons in porphyrin thin films
text, January 2014

Bulk-edge correspondence for topological photonic continua
text, January 2016

Infrared Topological Plasmons in Graphene
text, January 2017

Topologically-protected refraction of robust kink states in valley photonic crystals
text, January 2017

Topological Band Theory for Non-Hermitian Hamiltonians
text, January 2017

Topological Wave-Guiding Near an Exceptional Point: Defect-Immune, Slow-Light, Loss-Immune Propagation
text, January 2018

Non-Hermitian Chern bands
text, January 2018

Evidence for a New Dissipationless Regime in 2D Electronic Transport
text, January 2002

Ultimate Limit of Light Extinction by Nanophotonic Structures
journal, October 2015

Infrared Nanoscopy of Dirac Plasmons at the Graphene–SiO ₂ Interface
journal, October 2011

A high-mobility electron gas at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterointerface
journal, January 2004

Observation of unidirectional backscattering-immune topological electromagnetic states
journal, October 2009

Topological valley transport at bilayer graphene domain walls
journal, April 2015

Microwave spectroscopy of the low-filling-factor bilayer electron solid in a wide quantum well
journal, May 2015

Realizing effective magnetic field for photons by controlling the phase of dynamic modulation
journal, October 2012

Topologically protected refraction of robust kink states in valley photonic crystals
journal, November 2017

Resistance Resonance Effects through Magnetic Edge States
journal, March 2000

Quantized chiral edge conduction on domain walls of a magnetic topological insulator
journal, December 2017

Topological origin of equatorial waves
journal, October 2017

Nonreciprocal lasing in topological cavities of arbitrary geometries
journal, October 2017

Topological chiral magnonic edge mode in a magnonic crystal
text, January 2012

Topologically protected excitons in porphyrin thin films
text, January 2014

Topological Polaritons
text, January 2014

Plasmon Weyl Degeneracies in Magnetized Plasma
text, January 2015

Topological magnetoplasmon
text, January 2016

Bulk-edge correspondence for topological photonic continua
text, January 2016

Topological Band Theory for Non-Hermitian Hamiltonians
text, January 2017

Topological Wave-Guiding Near an Exceptional Point: Defect-Immune, Slow-Light, Loss-Immune Propagation
text, January 2018

Snake orbits and related magnetic edge states
text, January 2000

Evidence for a New Dissipationless Regime in 2D Electronic Transport
text, January 2002