Mapping Quasar Light Echoes in 3D with Ly α Forest Tomography

Schmidt, Tobias M.; Hennawi, Joseph F.; Lee, Khee-Gan; Lukić, Zarija; Oñorbe, Jose; White, Martin

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab2fcb

Title: Mapping Quasar Light Echoes in 3D with Ly α Forest Tomography

Journal Article · 13 September 2019 · The Astrophysical Journal (Online)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab2fcb · OSTI ID:1581751

Schmidt, Tobias M. ^[1];

^[2];

^[3]; Lukić, Zarija ^[4];

^[5];

^[6]

INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste (Italy); Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA (United States); Max-Planck Inst. fur Astronomie, Heidelberg (Germany)
Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA (United States); Max-Planck Inst. fur Astronomie, Heidelberg (Germany)
Univ. of Tokyo, Kashiwa (Japan); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Royal Observatory of Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh (United Kingdom)
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)

The intense radiation emitted by luminous quasars dramatically alters the ionization state of their surrounding IGM. This so-called proximity effect extends out to tens of Mpc, and manifests as large coherent regions of enhanced Ly (Ly) forest transmission in absorption spectra of background sightlines. In this work, we present a novel method based on Ly forest tomography, which is capable of mapping these quasar "light echoes" in three dimensions. Using a dense grid (10-100) of faint (m_r ≈ 24.7 mag) background galaxies as absorption probes, one can measure the ionization state of the IGM in the vicinity of a foreground quasar, yielding detailed information about the quasar's radiative history and emission geometry. An end-to-end analysis-combining cosmological hydrodynamical simulations post-processed with a quasar emission model, realistic estimates of galaxy number densities, and instrument + telescope throughput-is conducted to explore the feasibility of detecting quasar light echoes. We present a new, fully Bayesian statistical method that allows one to reconstruct quasar light echoes from thousands of individual low-S/N transmission measurements. Armed with this tool, we undertake an exhaustive parameter study and show that light echoes can be convincingly detected for luminous (M₁₄₅₀ <-27.5 mag, corresponding to m₁₄₅₀ < 18.4 mag at z≃3.6) quasars at redshifts 3 < z _QSO < 5, and that a relative precision better than 20% on the quasar age can be achieved for individual objects in the expected range of ages between 1 and 100 Myr. The observational requirements are relatively modest: Moderate-resolution (R ≳ 750), multiobject spectroscopy at a low signal-to-noise ratio (S/N > 5) is sufficient, requiring three-hour integrations using existing instruments on 8 m class telescopes.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1581751

Journal Information:: The Astrophysical Journal (Online), Vol. 882, Issue 2; ISSN 1538-4357

Publisher:: Institute of Physics (IOP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 16 works

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Dusty Winds in Active Galactic Nuclei: Reconciling Observations with Models Hönig, Sebastian F.; Kishimoto, Makoto The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 838, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa6838	journal	March 2017
On the evolution of the H i column density distribution in cosmological simulations Rahmati, Alireza; Pawlik, Andreas H.; Raičevic̀, Milan Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 430, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stt066	journal	February 2013
Predicting Quasar Continua near Ly α with Principal Component Analysis Davies, Frederick B.; Hennawi, Joseph F.; Bañados, Eduardo The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 864, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aad7f8	journal	September 2018
Improved measurements of the intergalactic medium temperature around quasars: possible evidence for the initial stages of He ii reionization at z ≃ 6: IGM temperature measurements around z ≃ 6 quasars Bolton, James S.; Becker, George D.; Raskutti, Sudhir Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 419, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19929.x	journal	November 2011
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Revisiting the Unified Model of Active Galactic Nuclei Netzer, Hagai arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1505.00811	text	January 2015
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Self-Consistent Modeling of Reionization in Cosmological Hydrodynamical Simulations Oñorbe, Jose; Hennawi, Joseph F.; Lukić, Zarija arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1607.04218	text	January 2016
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The Thermal Proximity Effect: A New Probe of He II Reionization History and the Quasar Lifetime Khrykin, Ilya S.; Hennawi, Joseph F.; McQuinn, Matthew arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1611.05583	text	January 2016
Dusty winds in active galactic nuclei: reconciling observations with models Hönig, Sebastian F.; Kishimoto, Makoto arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1703.07781	text	January 2017
A self-consistent 3D model of fluctuations in the helium-ionizing background Davies, Frederick B.; Furlanetto, Steven R.; Dixon, Keri L. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1703.10177	text	January 2017
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A Uniform Analysis of the Ly-alpha forest at z = 0 - 5: II. Measuring the mean intensity of the extragalactic ionizing background using the proximity effect Scott, J.; Bechtold, J.; Dobrzycki, A. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0004155	text	January 2000
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Energy input from quasars regulates the growth and activity of black holes and their host galaxies Di Matteo, Tiziana; Springel, Volker; Hernquist, Lars arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0502199	text	January 2005
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An Observational Determination of the Bolometric Quasar Luminosity Function Hopkins, Philip F.; Richards, Gordon T.; Hernquist, Lars arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0605678	text	January 2006
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