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Title: Mapping Quasar Light Echoes in 3D with Ly α Forest Tomography

Abstract

The intense radiation emitted by luminous quasars dramatically alters the ionization state of their surrounding IGM. This so-called proximity effect extends out to tens of Mpc, and manifests as large coherent regions of enhanced Ly (Ly) forest transmission in absorption spectra of background sightlines. In this work, we present a novel method based on Ly forest tomography, which is capable of mapping these quasar "light echoes" in three dimensions. Using a dense grid (10-100) of faint (mr ≈ 24.7 mag) background galaxies as absorption probes, one can measure the ionization state of the IGM in the vicinity of a foreground quasar, yielding detailed information about the quasar's radiative history and emission geometry. An end-to-end analysis-combining cosmological hydrodynamical simulations post-processed with a quasar emission model, realistic estimates of galaxy number densities, and instrument + telescope throughput-is conducted to explore the feasibility of detecting quasar light echoes. We present a new, fully Bayesian statistical method that allows one to reconstruct quasar light echoes from thousands of individual low-S/N transmission measurements. Armed with this tool, we undertake an exhaustive parameter study and show that light echoes can be convincingly detected for luminous (M1450 <-27.5 mag, corresponding to m1450 < 18.4 mag at z≃3.6)more » quasars at redshifts 3 < z QSO < 5, and that a relative precision better than 20% on the quasar age can be achieved for individual objects in the expected range of ages between 1 and 100 Myr. The observational requirements are relatively modest: Moderate-resolution (R ≳ 750), multiobject spectroscopy at a low signal-to-noise ratio (S/N > 5) is sufficient, requiring three-hour integrations using existing instruments on 8 m class telescopes.« less

Authors:
 [1]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [3];  [4]; ORCiD logo [5]; ORCiD logo [6]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste (Italy); Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA (United States); Max-Planck Inst. fur Astronomie, Heidelberg (Germany)
  2. Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA (United States); Max-Planck Inst. fur Astronomie, Heidelberg (Germany)
  3. Univ. of Tokyo, Kashiwa (Japan); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
  4. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
  5. Royal Observatory of Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh (United Kingdom)
  6. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC)
OSTI Identifier:
1581751
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-05CH11231
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
The Astrophysical Journal (Online)
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal (Online); Journal Volume: 882; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 1538-4357
Publisher:
Institute of Physics (IOP)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; dark ages; reionization; first stars; intergalactic medium; quasars: general

Citation Formats

Schmidt, Tobias M., Hennawi, Joseph F., Lee, Khee-Gan, Lukić, Zarija, Oñorbe, Jose, and White, Martin. Mapping Quasar Light Echoes in 3D with Ly α Forest Tomography. United States: N. p., 2019. Web. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab2fcb.
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Schmidt, Tobias M., Hennawi, Joseph F., Lee, Khee-Gan, Lukić, Zarija, Oñorbe, Jose, & White, Martin. Mapping Quasar Light Echoes in 3D with Ly α Forest Tomography. United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab2fcb
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Schmidt, Tobias M., Hennawi, Joseph F., Lee, Khee-Gan, Lukić, Zarija, Oñorbe, Jose, and White, Martin. Fri . "Mapping Quasar Light Echoes in 3D with Ly α Forest Tomography". United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab2fcb. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1581751.
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@article{osti_1581751,
title = {Mapping Quasar Light Echoes in 3D with Ly α Forest Tomography},
author = {Schmidt, Tobias M. and Hennawi, Joseph F. and Lee, Khee-Gan and Lukić, Zarija and Oñorbe, Jose and White, Martin},
abstractNote = {The intense radiation emitted by luminous quasars dramatically alters the ionization state of their surrounding IGM. This so-called proximity effect extends out to tens of Mpc, and manifests as large coherent regions of enhanced Ly (Ly) forest transmission in absorption spectra of background sightlines. In this work, we present a novel method based on Ly forest tomography, which is capable of mapping these quasar "light echoes" in three dimensions. Using a dense grid (10-100) of faint (mr ≈ 24.7 mag) background galaxies as absorption probes, one can measure the ionization state of the IGM in the vicinity of a foreground quasar, yielding detailed information about the quasar's radiative history and emission geometry. An end-to-end analysis-combining cosmological hydrodynamical simulations post-processed with a quasar emission model, realistic estimates of galaxy number densities, and instrument + telescope throughput-is conducted to explore the feasibility of detecting quasar light echoes. We present a new, fully Bayesian statistical method that allows one to reconstruct quasar light echoes from thousands of individual low-S/N transmission measurements. Armed with this tool, we undertake an exhaustive parameter study and show that light echoes can be convincingly detected for luminous (M1450 <-27.5 mag, corresponding to m1450 < 18.4 mag at z≃3.6) quasars at redshifts 3 < z QSO < 5, and that a relative precision better than 20% on the quasar age can be achieved for individual objects in the expected range of ages between 1 and 100 Myr. The observational requirements are relatively modest: Moderate-resolution (R ≳ 750), multiobject spectroscopy at a low signal-to-noise ratio (S/N > 5) is sufficient, requiring three-hour integrations using existing instruments on 8 m class telescopes.},
doi = {10.3847/1538-4357/ab2fcb},
journal = {The Astrophysical Journal (Online)},
number = 2,
volume = 882,
place = {United States},
year = {2019},
month = {9}
}
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A Uniform Analysis of the Lyα Forest at z  = 0–5. II. Measuring the Mean Intensity of the Extragalactic Ionizing Background Using the Proximity Effect
journal, September 2000

  • Scott, Jennifer; Bechtold, Jill; Dobrzycki, Adam
  • The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 130, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1086/317340

A Simple Model for Quasar Demographics
journal, December 2012

The first ultraviolet quasar-stacked spectrum at z ≃ 2.4 from WFC3
journal, April 2015

  • Lusso, E.; Worseck, G.; Hennawi, J. F.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 449, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stv516

The halo Occupation Distribution of sdss Quasars
journal, July 2012

  • Richardson, Jonathan; Zheng, Zheng; Chatterjee, Suchetana
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 755, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/755/1/30

A self-consistent 3D model of fluctuations in the helium-ionizing background
journal, November 2016

  • Davies, Frederick B.; Furlanetto, Steven R.; Dixon, Keri L.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 465, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stw2868

A catalogue of quasars and active nuclei: 13th edition
journal, July 2010

UV LUMINOSITY FUNCTIONS AT REDSHIFTS z ∼ 4 TO z ∼ 10: 10,000 GALAXIES FROM HST LEGACY FIELDS
journal, April 2015

Quasars near the line of sight towards Q 0302-003 and the transverse proximity effect
journal, April 2006

Photoheating and the fate of hard photons during the reionization of He ii by quasars
journal, May 2009

  • Bolton, James S.; Oh, S. Peng; Furlanetto, Steven R.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 395, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.14597.x

The Thermal Proximity Effect: A New Probe of the He ii Reionization History and Quasar Lifetime
journal, March 2017

  • Khrykin, I. S.; Hennawi, J. F.; McQuinn, M.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 838, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aa6621

Dusty Winds in Active Galactic Nuclei: Reconciling Observations with Models
journal, March 2017

On the evolution of the H i column density distribution in cosmological simulations
journal, February 2013

  • Rahmati, Alireza; Pawlik, Andreas H.; Raičevic̀, Milan
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 430, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stt066

Predicting Quasar Continua near Ly α with Principal Component Analysis
journal, September 2018

  • Davies, Frederick B.; Hennawi, Joseph F.; Bañados, Eduardo
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 864, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aad7f8

QUASARS PROBING QUASARS. VIII. THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE COOL CIRCUMGALACTIC MEDIUM SURROUNDING z ∼ 2–3 MASSIVE GALAXIES HOSTING QUASARS
journal, October 2016

  • Lau, Marie Wingyee; Prochaska, J. Xavier; Hennawi, Joseph F.
  • The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 226, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/0067-0049/226/2/25

Feedback from Central Black Holes in Elliptical Galaxies: Two-Dimensional Models Compared to One-Dimensional Models
journal, July 2011

  • Novak, Gregory S.; Ostriker, Jeremiah P.; Ciotti, Luca
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 737, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/737/1/26

Detection of the Transverse Proximity Effect: Radiative Feedback from Bright QSOs1
journal, April 2008

  • Gonçalves, Thiago S.; Steidel, Charles C.; Pettini, Max
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 676, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1086/527313

An Observational Determination of the Bolometric Quasar Luminosity Function
journal, January 2007

  • Hopkins, Philip F.; Richards, Gordon T.; Hernquist, Lars
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 654, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1086/509629

New measurements of the ionizing ultraviolet background over 2 < z < 5 and implications for hydrogen reionization
journal, October 2013

  • Becker, George D.; Bolton, James S.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 436, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stt1610

Nyx: A MASSIVELY PARALLEL AMR CODE FOR COMPUTATIONAL COSMOLOGY
journal, February 2013

The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Quasar Catalog: twelfth data release
text, January 2016

  • Pâris, Isabelle; Petitjean, Patrick; P., Ross Nicholas
  • Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
  • DOI: 10.17863/cam.5971

A structure for quasars
journal, September 2000

Helium reionization and the thermal proximity effect
text, January 2010

The bulk of the black hole growth since z~1 occurs in a secular universe: No major merger-AGN connection
text, January 2010

Self-Consistent Modeling of Reionization in Cosmological Hydrodynamical Simulations
text, January 2016

The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Quasar Catalog: twelfth data release
text, January 2016

The Thermal Proximity Effect: A New Probe of He II Reionization History and the Quasar Lifetime
text, January 2016

Dusty winds in active galactic nuclei: reconciling observations with models
text, January 2017

A self-consistent 3D model of fluctuations in the helium-ionizing background
text, January 2017

Active Galactic Nuclei: what's in a name?
text, January 2017

Modeling the HeII Transverse Proximity Effect: Constraints on Quasar Lifetime and Obscuration
text, January 2017

The proximity effect in a close group of QSOs
text, January 2001

Energy input from quasars regulates the growth and activity of black holes and their host galaxies
text, January 2005

Quasars Probing Quasars I: Optically Thick Absorbers Near Luminous Quasars
text, January 2006

An Observational Determination of the Bolometric Quasar Luminosity Function
text, January 2006

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    Simulating MOS science on the ELT: Ly α forest tomography
    journal, December 2019

    Evidence for Low Radiative Efficiency or Highly Obscured Growth of z > 7 Quasars
    journal, October 2019

    • Davies, Frederick B.; Hennawi, Joseph F.; Eilers, Anna-Christina
    • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 884, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab42e3
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