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Title: Evidence for Late-stage Eruptive Mass Loss in the Progenitor to SN2018gep, a Broad-lined Ic Supernova: Pre-explosion Emission and a Rapidly Rising Luminous Transient

Journal Article · · The Astrophysical Journal (Online)
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  1. California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Cahill Center for Astrophysics
  2. Weizmann Inst. of Science, Rehovot (Israel)
  3. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
  4. Liverpool John Moores Univ., Liverpool (United Kingdom). Astrophysics Research Inst.
  5. Stockholm Univ. (Sweden). Oskar Klein Centre
  6. Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock, TX (United States)
  7. Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States). DIRAC Inst.
  8. Radboud Univ., Nijmegen (Netherlands)
  9. Univ. of Oxford (United Kingdom)
  10. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States)
  11. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States); Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States). Joint Space-Science Inst.
  12. Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)
  13. California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Caltech Optical Observatories
  14. California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)
  15. Univ. Space Research Association, Huntsville, AL (United States). Science and Technology Inst.
  16. Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem (Israel). Racah Inst. of Physics
  17. Univ. of California, Santa Cruz, CA (United States)
  18. Univ. College London, Surrey (United Kingdom). Mullard Space Science Lab.
  19. Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA (United States). Kavli Inst. for Theoretical Physics
  20. California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Infrared Processing & Analysis Center (IPAC)
  21. National Central Univ., Taoyuan City (Taiwan). Graduate Inst. of Astronomy
  22. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
  23. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA (United States)
  24. Tsinghua Univ., Beijing (China). Tsinghua Center for Astrophysics
  25. Tokyo Inst. of Technology, Tokyo (Japan)
+ Show Author Affiliations

We present detailed observations of ZTF18abukavn (SN2018gep), discovered in high-cadence data from the Zwicky Transient Facility as a rapidly rising (1.4 ± 0.1 mag hr-1) and luminous (Mg,peak = -20 mag) transient. It is spectroscopically classified as a broad-lined stripped-envelope supernova (Ic-BL SN). The high peak luminosity (Lbol ≳ 3 × 1044 erg s-1), the short rise time (trise = 3 days in g band), and the blue colors at peak (g-r ~ -0.4) all resemble the high-redshift Ic-BL iPTF16asu, as well as several other unclassified fast transients. The early discovery of SN2018gep (within an hour of shock breakout) enabled an intensive spectroscopic campaign, including the highest-temperature (Teff ≳ 40,000 K) spectra of a stripped-envelope SN. A retrospective search revealed luminous (Mg ~ Mr ≈ mag) emission in the days to weeks before explosion, the first definitive detection of precursor emission for a Ic-BL. We find a limit on the isotropic gamma-ray energy release Eγ,iso < 4.9 × 1048 erg, a limit on X-ray emission LX < 1040 erg s-1, and a limit on radio emission νLν ≲ 1037 erg s-1. Taken together, we find that the early (< 10 days) data are best explained by shock breakout in a massive shell of dense circumstellar material (0.02 M⊙) at large radii (3 × 1014 cm) that was ejected in eruptive pre-explosion mass-loss episodes. The late-time (> 10 days) light curve requires an additional energy source, which could be the radioactive decay of Ni-56.

Research Organization:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC); National Science Foundation (NSF); European Union (EU); German-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSFC)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-05CH11231
OSTI ID:
1580974
Journal Information:
The Astrophysical Journal (Online), Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal (Online) Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 887; ISSN 1538-4357
Publisher:
Institute of Physics (IOP)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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