Seasonal variability of forest sensitivity to heat and drought stresses: A synthesis based on carbon fluxes from North American forest ecosystems

Xu, Bing; Arain, M. Altaf; Black, T. Andrew; Law, Beverly E.; Pastorello, Gilberto Z.; Chu, Housen

doi:10.1111/gcb.14843

Title: Seasonal variability of forest sensitivity to heat and drought stresses: A synthesis based on carbon fluxes from North American forest ecosystems

Journal Article · 17 September 2019 · Global Change Biology

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14843 · OSTI ID:1580926

^[1]; Arain, M. Altaf ^[1]; Black, T. Andrew ^[2];

^[3];

^[4]; Chu, Housen ^[4]

McMaster Univ., Hamilton, ON (Canada). School of Geography and Earth Sciences and McMaster Centre for Climate Change
Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Canada)
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR (United States)
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Climate extremes such as heat waves and droughts are projected to occur more frequently with increasing temperature and an intensified hydrological cycle. It is important to understand and quantify how forest carbon fluxes respond to heat and drought stress. In this study, we developed a series of daily indices of sensitivity to heat and drought stress as indicated by air temperature (T_a) and evaporative fraction (EF). Using normalized daily carbon fluxes from the FLUXNET Network for 34 forest sites in North America, the seasonal pattern of sensitivities of net ecosystem productivity (NEP), gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) and ecosystem respiration (RE) in response to T_a and EF anomalies were compared for different forest types. The results showed that warm temperatures in spring had a positive effect on NEP in conifer forests but a negative impact in deciduous forests. GEP in conifer forests increased with higher temperature anomalies in spring but decreased in summer. The drought-induced decrease in NEP, which mostly occurred in the deciduous forests, was mostly driven by the reduction in GEP. In conifer forests, drought had a similar dampening effect on both GEP and RE, therefore leading to a neutral NEP response. The NEP sensitivity to T_a anomalies increased with increasing mean annual temperature. Drier sites were less sensitive to drought stress in summer. Natural forests with older stand age tended to be more resilient to the climate stresses compared to managed younger forests. The results of the Classification and Regression Tree analysis showed that seasons and ecosystem productivity were the most powerful variables in explaining the variation of forest sensitivity to heat and drought stress. Our results implied that the magnitude and direction of carbon flux changes in response to climate extremes are highly dependent on the seasonal dynamics of forests and the timing of the climate extremes.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Ontario Ministry of Environment and Climate Change; Global Water Futures Program

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1580926

Journal Information:: Global Change Biology, Vol. 26, Issue 2; ISSN 1354-1013

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 42 works

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Impacts of climate extremes on gross primary production under global warming Williams, I. N.; Torn, M. S.; Riley, W. J. Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 9, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/9/9/094011	journal	September 2014
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Climate control of terrestrial carbon exchange across biomes and continents Yi, Chuixiang; Ricciuto, Daniel; Li, Runze Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 5, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/5/3/034007	journal	July 2010
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Effects of climate extremes on the terrestrial carbon cycle: concepts, processes and potential future impacts Frank, Dorothe A.; Reichstein, Markus; Bahn, Michael ETH Zurich https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000103296	text	January 2015
Carbon uptake and water use in woodlands and forests in southern Australia during an extreme heat wave event in the "Angry Summer" of 2012/2013 Van Gorsel, Eva; Wolf, Sebastian; Cleverly, James ETH Zurich https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000121745	text	January 2016
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A few extreme events dominate global interannual variability in gross primary production Jakob, Zscheischler,; D., Mahecha, Miguel; Jannis, von Buttlar, ETH Zurich https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000083407	text	January 2014

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