Ecological engineering projects increased vegetation cover, production, and biomass in semiarid and subhumid Northern China
Abstract
Multiple ecological engineering projects have been implemented in semiarid and subhumid Northern China since 1978 with the purpose to combat desertification, control dust storms, and improve vegetation cover. Although a plethora of local studies exist, the effectiveness of these projects has not been studied in a systematic and comprehensive way. Here, we used multiple satellite-based time-series data as well as breakpoint analysis to assess shifts in leaf area index (a proxy for green vegetation cover), gross primary production, and aboveground biomass in Northern China. We documented increased vegetation growth in northwest and southeastern parts of the region, despite drought anomalies as documented by the standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index during 1982–2016. Significant breakpoints in leaf area index were observed for over 72.5% of the southeastern and northwestern regions, and 70.6% of these breakpoints were detected after 1999, which correspond well to the areas with the highest ecological engineering efforts. Areas with negative trends were mainly located in the Inner Mongolian Plateau, Hulun Biur, Horqin Sand Land, and urban areas. The Loess Plateau had the largest increase in vegetation growth, followed by the north parts of Northern China where biomass increased more in the provinces of Shanxi, Liaoning, Shannxi, Hebei, and Beijing thanmore »
- Authors:
-
[1];
[2];
[3];
[4];
[4];
[6];
[6];
[8];
- Lanzhou Univ. (China); Univ. of Oklahoma, Norman, OK (United States); Emergency Mapping Engineering Reseach Center, Gansu Province, Lanzhou (China)
- Univ. of Oklahoma, Norman, OK (United States); Fudan Univ., Shanghai (China). Ministry of Education Key Lab. for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Inst. of Biodiversity Science
- Univ. of Oklahoma, Norman, OK (United States); Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States)
- Univ. of Oklahoma, Norman, OK (United States)
- Lanzhou Univ. (China)
- Univ. of Copenhagen (Denmark)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Changsha (China). Key Lab. for Agro‐ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Inst. of Subtropical Agriculture
- Boston Univ., MA (United States)
- Southwest Forestry Univ., Kunming (China)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC); National Science Foundation of China
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1580908
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-05CH11231; 41461084; 31860181
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Land Degradation and Development
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 30; Journal Issue: 13; Journal ID: ISSN 1085-3278
- Publisher:
- Wiley
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; breakpoint; effectiveness; remote sensing; trend; vegetation regrowth
Citation Formats
Niu, Quanfu, Xiao, Xiangming, Zhang, Yao, Qin, Yuanwei, Dang, Xinghai, Wang, Jie, Zou, Zhenhua, Doughty, Russell B., Brandt, Martin, Tong, Xiaowei, Horion, Stephanie, Fensholt, Rasmus, Chen, Chi, Myneni, Ranga B., Xu, Weiheng, Di, Guangzhi, and Zhou, Xiaoming. Ecological engineering projects increased vegetation cover, production, and biomass in semiarid and subhumid Northern China. United States: N. p., 2019.
Web. doi:10.1002/ldr.3351.
Niu, Quanfu, Xiao, Xiangming, Zhang, Yao, Qin, Yuanwei, Dang, Xinghai, Wang, Jie, Zou, Zhenhua, Doughty, Russell B., Brandt, Martin, Tong, Xiaowei, Horion, Stephanie, Fensholt, Rasmus, Chen, Chi, Myneni, Ranga B., Xu, Weiheng, Di, Guangzhi, & Zhou, Xiaoming. Ecological engineering projects increased vegetation cover, production, and biomass in semiarid and subhumid Northern China. United States. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.3351
Niu, Quanfu, Xiao, Xiangming, Zhang, Yao, Qin, Yuanwei, Dang, Xinghai, Wang, Jie, Zou, Zhenhua, Doughty, Russell B., Brandt, Martin, Tong, Xiaowei, Horion, Stephanie, Fensholt, Rasmus, Chen, Chi, Myneni, Ranga B., Xu, Weiheng, Di, Guangzhi, and Zhou, Xiaoming. Mon .
"Ecological engineering projects increased vegetation cover, production, and biomass in semiarid and subhumid Northern China". United States. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.3351. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1580908.
@article{osti_1580908,
title = {Ecological engineering projects increased vegetation cover, production, and biomass in semiarid and subhumid Northern China},
author = {Niu, Quanfu and Xiao, Xiangming and Zhang, Yao and Qin, Yuanwei and Dang, Xinghai and Wang, Jie and Zou, Zhenhua and Doughty, Russell B. and Brandt, Martin and Tong, Xiaowei and Horion, Stephanie and Fensholt, Rasmus and Chen, Chi and Myneni, Ranga B. and Xu, Weiheng and Di, Guangzhi and Zhou, Xiaoming},
abstractNote = {Multiple ecological engineering projects have been implemented in semiarid and subhumid Northern China since 1978 with the purpose to combat desertification, control dust storms, and improve vegetation cover. Although a plethora of local studies exist, the effectiveness of these projects has not been studied in a systematic and comprehensive way. Here, we used multiple satellite-based time-series data as well as breakpoint analysis to assess shifts in leaf area index (a proxy for green vegetation cover), gross primary production, and aboveground biomass in Northern China. We documented increased vegetation growth in northwest and southeastern parts of the region, despite drought anomalies as documented by the standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index during 1982–2016. Significant breakpoints in leaf area index were observed for over 72.5% of the southeastern and northwestern regions, and 70.6% of these breakpoints were detected after 1999, which correspond well to the areas with the highest ecological engineering efforts. Areas with negative trends were mainly located in the Inner Mongolian Plateau, Hulun Biur, Horqin Sand Land, and urban areas. The Loess Plateau had the largest increase in vegetation growth, followed by the north parts of Northern China where biomass increased more in the provinces of Shanxi, Liaoning, Shannxi, Hebei, and Beijing than Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Tianjin, and Qinghai. Our results show that multiple ecological engineering projects in the region have increased vegetation cover, production, and aboveground biomass that have led to improved environmental conditions in the study area.},
doi = {10.1002/ldr.3351},
journal = {Land Degradation and Development},
number = 13,
volume = 30,
place = {United States},
year = {2019},
month = {6}
}
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Works referencing / citing this record:
Regional climate change and its effects on river runoff in the Tarim Basin, China
journal, January 2006
- Chen, Yaning; Takeuchi, Kuniyoshi; Xu, Changchun
- Hydrological Processes, Vol. 20, Issue 10
Land cover and landscape changes in Shaanxi Province during China’s Grain for Green Program (2000–2010)
journal, September 2015
- Chen, Hai; Marter-Kenyon, Jessica; López-Carr, David
- Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Vol. 187, Issue 10
An overview of the “Three-North” Shelterbelt project in China
journal, February 2012
- Li, Miao-miao; Liu, An-tian; Zou, Chun-jing
- Forestry Studies in China, Vol. 14, Issue 1
China's ecological rehabilitation: Unprecedented efforts, dramatic impacts, and requisite policies
journal, June 2006
- Xu, Jintao; Yin, Runsheng; Li, Zhou
- Ecological Economics, Vol. 57, Issue 4
Complexity of ecological restoration in China
journal, March 2013
- Ma, Hua; Lv, Yuan; Li, Hongxun
- Ecological Engineering, Vol. 52
Multiple afforestation programs accelerate the greenness in the ‘Three North’ region of China from 1982 to 2013
journal, February 2016
- Zhang, Yao; Peng, Changhui; Li, Weizhong
- Ecological Indicators, Vol. 61
Forest cover maps of China in 2010 from multiple approaches and data sources: PALSAR, Landsat, MODIS, FRA, and NFI
journal, November 2015
- Qin, Yuanwei; Xiao, Xiangming; Dong, Jinwei
- ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Vol. 109
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- Qiu, Bingwen; Chen, Gong; Tang, Zhenghong
- ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Vol. 133
Long-term vegetation monitoring with NDVI in a diverse semi-arid setting, central New Mexico, USA
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- Weiss, Jeremy L.; Gutzler, David S.; Coonrod, Julia E. Allred
- Journal of Arid Environments, Vol. 58, Issue 2
Has the Three Norths Forest Shelterbelt Program solved the desertification and dust storm problems in arid and semiarid China?
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- Wang, X. M.; Zhang, C. X.; Hasi, E.
- Journal of Arid Environments, Vol. 74, Issue 1
Trend analysis of MODIS NDVI time series for detecting land degradation and regeneration in Mongolia
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- Eckert, Sandra; Hüsler, Fabia; Liniger, Hanspeter
- Journal of Arid Environments, Vol. 113
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journal, September 2006
- Sun, Ge; Zhou, Guoyi; Zhang, Zhiqiang
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journal, May 2004
- Xiao, X.
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North American vegetation dynamics observed with multi-resolution satellite data
journal, April 2008
- Neigh, C.; Tucker, C.; Townshend, J.
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journal, December 2010
- Verbesselt, Jan; Hyndman, Rob; Zeileis, Achim
- Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 114, Issue 12
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journal, February 2011
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- Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 115, Issue 2
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journal, June 2012
- Fensholt, Rasmus; Langanke, Tobias; Rasmussen, Kjeld
- Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 121
Changes in vegetation photosynthetic activity trends across the Asia–Pacific region over the last three decades
journal, March 2014
- Chen, Baozhang; Xu, Guang; Coops, Nicholas C.
- Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 144
Remote sensing of vegetation dynamics in drylands: Evaluating vegetation optical depth (VOD) using AVHRR NDVI and in situ green biomass data over West African Sahel
journal, May 2016
- Tian, Feng; Brandt, Martin; Liu, Yi Y.
- Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 177
Why Large-Scale Afforestation Efforts in China Have Failed To Solve the Desertification Problem
journal, March 2008
- Cao, Shixiong
- Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 42, Issue 6
Drought Offset Ecological Restoration Program-Induced Increase in Vegetation Activity in the Beijing-Tianjin Sand Source Region, China
journal, September 2014
- Wu, Zhitao; Wu, Jianjun; He, Bin
- Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 48, Issue 20
Questionable value of planting thirsty trees in dry regions
journal, May 2010
- Cao, Shixiong; Wang, Guosheng; Chen, Li
- Nature, Vol. 465, Issue 7294
Greening of the Earth and its drivers
journal, April 2016
- Zhu, Zaichun; Piao, Shilong; Myneni, Ranga B.
- Nature Climate Change, Vol. 6, Issue 8
Evidence for a weakening relationship between interannual temperature variability and northern vegetation activity
journal, October 2014
- Piao, Shilong; Nan, Huijuan; Huntingford, Chris
- Nature Communications, Vol. 5, Issue 1
Satellite passive microwaves reveal recent climate-induced carbon losses in African drylands
journal, April 2018
- Brandt, Martin; Wigneron, Jean-Pierre; Chave, Jerome
- Nature Ecology & Evolution, Vol. 2, Issue 5
Increased vegetation growth and carbon stock in China karst via ecological engineering
journal, January 2018
- Tong, Xiaowei; Brandt, Martin; Yue, Yuemin
- Nature Sustainability, Vol. 1, Issue 1
A global moderate resolution dataset of gross primary production of vegetation for 2000–2016
journal, October 2017
- Zhang, Yao; Xiao, Xiangming; Wu, Xiaocui
- Scientific Data, Vol. 4, Issue 1
Earlier vegetation green-up has reduced spring dust storms
journal, October 2014
- Fan, Bihang; Guo, Li; Li, Ning
- Scientific Reports, Vol. 4, Issue 1
China's Grain for Green Program has reduced soil erosion in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the middle reaches of the Yellow River
journal, August 2009
- Zhou, Z. C.; Gan, Z. T.; Shangguan, Z. P.
- International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, Vol. 16, Issue 4
Grassland ecosystems in China: review of current knowledge and research advancement
journal, February 2007
- Kang, Le; Han, Xingguo; Zhang, Zhibin
- Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Vol. 362, Issue 1482
Detection and attribution of vegetation greening trend in China over the last 30 years
journal, January 2015
- Piao, Shilong; Yin, Guodong; Tan, Jianguang
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 21, Issue 4
Ground- and satellite-based evidence of the biophysical mechanisms behind the greening Sahel
journal, January 2015
- Brandt, Martin; Mbow, Cheikh; Diouf, Abdoul A.
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 21, Issue 4
Chinese forest policy reforms after 1998: the case of the Natural Forest Protection Program and the Slope Land Conversion Program
journal, September 2013
- Delang, C. O.; Wang, W.
- International Forestry Review, Vol. 15, Issue 3
Modeling Gross Primary Production of an Evergreen Needleleaf Forest Using Modis and Climate data
journal, June 2005
- Xiao, Xiangming; Zhang, Qingyuan; Hollinger, David
- Ecological Applications, Vol. 15, Issue 3
A High Resolution Dataset of Drought Indices for Spain
journal, June 2017
- Vicente-Serrano, Sergio M.; Tomas-Burguera, Miquel; Beguería, Santiago
- Data, Vol. 2, Issue 3
Global Data Sets of Vegetation Leaf Area Index (LAI)3g and Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FPAR)3g Derived from Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI3g) for the Period 1981 to 2011
journal, February 2013
- Zhu, Zaichun; Bi, Jian; Pan, Yaozhong
- Remote Sensing, Vol. 5, Issue 2
Shifts in Global Vegetation Activity Trends
journal, March 2013
- de Jong, Rogier; Verbesselt, Jan; Zeileis, Achim
- Remote Sensing, Vol. 5, Issue 3
Three-North Shelter Forest Program contribution to long-term increasing trends of biogenic isoprene emissions in northern China
journal, January 2016
- Zhang, Xiaodong; Huang, Tao; Zhang, Leiming
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 16, Issue 11
Landsat-5 TM and Landsat-7 ETM+ based accuracy assessment of leaf area index products for Canada derived from SPOT-4 VEGETATION data
journal, January 2003
- Fernandes, Richard; Butson, Chris; Leblanc, Sylvain
- Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol. 29, Issue 2